材料科學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)術(shù)翻譯必備詞匯

1、材料科學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)術(shù)翻譯必備詞匯編號(hào)中文英文1合金alloy2材料material3復(fù)合材料properties4制備preparation5強(qiáng)度strength6力學(xué)mechanical7力學(xué)性能mechanical8復(fù)合composite9薄膜films10基體matrix11增強(qiáng)reinforced12非晶amorphous13基復(fù)合材料composites14纖維fiber15納米nanometer16金屬metal17合成synthesis18界面interface19顆粒particles20法制備prepared21尺寸size22形狀shape23燒結(jié)sintering24磁性ma

2、gnetic25斷裂fracture26聚合物polymer27衍射diffraction28記憶memory29陶瓷ceramic30磨損wear31表征characterization32拉伸tensile33形狀記憶memory34摩擦friction35碳纖維carbon36粉末powder37溶膠sol-gel38凝膠sol-gel39應(yīng)變strain40性能研究properties41晶粒grain42粒徑size43硬度hardness44粒子particles45涂層coating46氧化oxidation47疲勞fatigue48組織microstructure49石墨gra

3、phite50機(jī)械mechanical51相變phase52沖擊impact53形貌morphology54有機(jī)organic55損傷damage56有限finite57粉體powder58無(wú)機(jī)inorganic59電化學(xué)electrochemical60梯度gradient61多孔porous62樹脂resin63掃描電鏡sem64晶化crystallization65記憶合金memory66玻璃glass67退火annealing68非晶態(tài)amorphous69溶膠-凝膠sol-gel70蒙脫土montmorillonite71樣品samples72粒度size73耐磨wear74韌性to

4、ughness75介電dielectric76顆粒增強(qiáng)reinforced77濺射sputtering78環(huán)氧樹脂epoxy79納米tio80摻雜doped81拉伸強(qiáng)度strength82阻尼damping83微觀結(jié)構(gòu)microstructure84合金化alloying85制備方法preparation86沉積deposition87透射電鏡tem88模量modulus89水熱hydrothermal90磨損性wear91凝固solidification92貯氫hydrogen93磨損性能wear94球磨milling95分?jǐn)?shù)fraction96剪切shear97氧化物oxide98直徑di

5、ameter99蠕變creep100彈性模量modulus101儲(chǔ)氫hydrogen102壓電piezoelectric103電阻resistivity104纖維增強(qiáng)composites105納米復(fù)合材料preparation106制備出prepared107磁性能magnetic108導(dǎo)電conductive109晶粒尺寸size110彎曲bending111光催化tio112非晶合金amorphous113鋁基復(fù)合材料composites114金剛石diamond115沉淀precipitation116分散dispersion117電阻率resistivity118顯微組織microst

6、ructure119復(fù)合材料sic120硬質(zhì)合金cemented121摩擦系數(shù)friction122吸波absorbing123雜化hybrid124模板template125催化劑catalyst126塑性plastic127晶體crystal128顆粒sic129功能材料materials130鋁合金alloy131表面積surface132填充filled133電導(dǎo)率conductivity134控濺射sputtering135金屬基復(fù)合材料composites136磁控濺射sputtering137結(jié)晶crystallization138磁控magnetron139均勻uniform1

7、40彎曲強(qiáng)度strength141納米碳carbon142偶聯(lián)coupling143電化學(xué)性能electrochemical144及性能properties145al復(fù)合材料composite146高分子polymer147本構(gòu)constitutive148晶格lattice149編織braided150斷裂韌性toughness151尼龍nylon152摩擦磨損性friction153耐磨性wear154摩擦學(xué)tribological155共晶eutectic156聚丙烯polypropylene157半導(dǎo)體semiconductor158偶聯(lián)劑coupling159泡沫foam160前驅(qū)p

8、recursor161高溫合金superalloy162顯微結(jié)構(gòu)microstructure163氧化鋁alumina164掃描電子顯微鏡sem165時(shí)效aging166熔體melt167凝膠法sol-gel168橡膠rubber169微結(jié)構(gòu)microstructure170鑄造casting171鋁基aluminum172抗拉強(qiáng)度strength173導(dǎo)熱t(yī)hermal174透射電子顯微鏡tem175插層intercalation176沖擊強(qiáng)度impact177超導(dǎo)superconducting178記憶效應(yīng)memory179固化curing180晶須whisker181溶膠-凝膠法制sol

9、-gel182催化catalytic183導(dǎo)電性conductivity184環(huán)氧epoxy185晶界grain186前驅(qū)體precursor187機(jī)械性能mechanical188抗彎strength189粘度viscosity190熱力學(xué)thermodynamic191溶膠-凝膠法制備sol-gel192塊體bulk193抗彎強(qiáng)度strength194粘土clay195微觀組織microstructure196孔徑pore197玻璃纖維glass198壓縮compression199摩擦磨損wear200馬氏體martensitic201制得prepared202復(fù)合材料性能composi

10、tes203氣氛atmosphere204制備工藝preparation205平均粒徑size206襯底substrate207相組成phase208表面處理surface209雜化材料hybrid210材料中materials211斷口fracture212增強(qiáng)復(fù)合材料composites213馬氏體相變transformation214球形spherical215混雜hybrid216聚氨酯polyurethane217納米材料nanometer218位錯(cuò)dislocation219納米粒子particles220表面形貌surface221試樣samples222電學(xué)properties

11、223有序ordered224電壓voltage225析出phase226拉伸性tensile227大塊bulk228立方cubic229聚苯胺polyaniline230抗氧化性oxidation231增韌toughening232物相phase233表面改性modification234拉伸性能tensile235相結(jié)構(gòu)phase236優(yōu)異excellent237介電常數(shù)dielectric238鐵電ferroelectric239復(fù)合材料力學(xué)性能composites240碳化硅sic241共混blends242炭纖維carbon243復(fù)合材料層composite244擠壓extrusio

12、n245表面活性劑surfactant246陣列arrays247高分子材料polymer248應(yīng)變率strain249短纖維fiber250摩擦學(xué)性能tribological251浸滲infiltration252阻尼性能damping253室溫下room254復(fù)合材料層合板composite255剪切強(qiáng)度strength256流變r(jià)heological257磨損率wear258化學(xué)氣相沉積deposition259熱膨脹thermal260屏蔽shielding261發(fā)光luminescence262功能梯度f(wàn)unctionally263層合板laminates264器件devices26

13、5鐵氧體ferrite266剛度stiffness267介電性能dielectric268xrd分析xrd269銳鈦礦anatase270炭黑carbon271熱應(yīng)力thermal272材料性能properties273溶膠-凝膠法sol-gel274單向unidirectional275衍射儀xrd276吸氫hydrogen277水泥cement278退火溫度annealing279粉末冶金powder280溶膠凝膠sol-gel281熔融melt282鈦酸t(yī)itanate283磁合金magnetic284脆性brittle285金屬間化合物intermetallic286非晶態(tài)合金amor

14、phous287超細(xì)ultrafine288羥基磷灰石hydroxyapatite289各向異性anisotropy290鍍層coating291顆粒尺寸size292拉曼raman293新材料materials294顆粒tic295孔隙率porosity296制備技術(shù)preparation297屈服強(qiáng)度strength298金紅石rutile299采用溶膠-凝膠sol-gel300電容量capacity301熱電thermoelectric302抗菌antibacterial303聚酰亞胺polyimide304二氧化硅silica305放電容量capacity306層板laminates3

15、07微球microspheres308熔點(diǎn)melting309屈曲buckling310包覆coated311致密化densification312磁化強(qiáng)度magnetization313疲勞壽命fatigue314本構(gòu)關(guān)系constitutive315組織結(jié)構(gòu)microstructure316綜合性能properties317熱塑性thermoplastic318形核nucleation319復(fù)合粒子composite320材料制備preparation321晶化過(guò)程crystallization322層間interlaminar323陶瓷基ceramic324多晶polycrystalli

16、ne325納米結(jié)構(gòu)nanostructures326納米復(fù)合composite327熱導(dǎo)率conductivity328空心hollow329致密度density330x射線衍射儀xrd331層狀layered332矯頑力coercivity333納米粉體powder334界面結(jié)合interface335超導(dǎo)體superconductor336衍射分析diffraction337納米粉powders338磨損機(jī)理wear339泡沫鋁aluminum340進(jìn)行表征characterized341梯度功能gradient342耐磨性能wear343平均粒particle344聚苯乙烯polysty

17、rene345陶瓷基復(fù)合材料composites346陶瓷材料ceramics347石墨化graphitization348摩擦材料friction349熔化melting350多層multilayer351及其性能properties352酚醛樹脂resin353電沉積electrodeposition354分散劑dispersant355相圖phase356復(fù)合材料界面interface357殼聚糖chitosan358抗氧化性能oxidation359鈣鈦礦perovskite360分層delamination361熱循環(huán)thermal362氫量hydrogen363蒙脫石montmor

18、illonite364接枝grafting365導(dǎo)率conductivity366放氫hydrogen367微粒particles368伸長(zhǎng)率elongation369延伸率elongation370燒結(jié)工藝sintering371層合laminated372納米級(jí)nanometer373莫來(lái)石mullite374磁導(dǎo)率permeability375填料filler376熱電材料thermoelectric377射線衍射ray378鑄造法casting379粒度分布size380原子力afm381共沉淀coprecipitation382水解hydrolysis383抗熱t(yī)hermal384高

19、能球ball385干摩擦friction386聚合物基polymer387疲勞裂紋fatigue388分散性dispersion389硅烷silane390弛豫relaxation391物理性能properties392晶相phase393飽和磁化強(qiáng)度magnetization394凝固過(guò)程solidification395共聚物copolymer396光致發(fā)光photoluminescence397薄膜材料films398導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)conductivity399居里curie400第二相phase401復(fù)合材料制備composites402多孔材料porous403水熱法hydrotherma

20、l404原子力顯微鏡afm405壓電復(fù)合材料piezoelectric406尼龍6nylon407高能球磨milling408顯微硬度microhardness409基片substrate410納米技術(shù)nanotechnology411直徑為diameter412織構(gòu)texture413氮化nitride414熱性能properties415磁致伸縮magnetostriction416成核nucleation417老化aging418細(xì)化grain419壓電材料piezoelectric420納米晶amorphous421si合金si422復(fù)合鍍層composite423纏繞winding4

21、24抗氧化oxidation425表觀apparent426環(huán)氧復(fù)合材料epoxy427甲基methyl428聚乙烯polyethylene429復(fù)合膜composite430表面修飾surface431大塊非晶amorphous432結(jié)構(gòu)材料materials433表面能surface434材料表面surface435疲勞性能fatigue436粘彈性viscoelastic437基體合金alloy438單相phase439梯度材料material440六方hexagonal441四方tetragonal442蜂窩honeycomb443陽(yáng)極氧化anodic444塑料plastics445超

22、塑性superplastic446sem觀察sem447燒蝕ablation448復(fù)合薄膜films449樹脂基resin450高聚物polymer451氣相vapor452電子能譜xps453硅烷偶聯(lián)coupling454團(tuán)聚particles455基底substrate456斷口形貌fracture457抗壓強(qiáng)度strength458儲(chǔ)能storage459松弛relaxation460拉曼光譜raman461孔率porosity462沸石zeolite463熔煉melting464磁體magnet465sem分析sem466潤(rùn)濕性wettability467電磁屏蔽shielding46

23、8升溫heating469致密dense470沉淀法precipitation471差熱分析dta472成功制備prepared473復(fù)合體系composites474浸漬impregnation475力學(xué)行為behavior476復(fù)合粉體powders477瀝青pitch478磁電阻magnetoresistance479導(dǎo)電性能conductivity480光電子能譜xps481材料力學(xué)mechanical482夾層sandwich483玻璃化glass484襯底上substrates485原位復(fù)合材料composites486智能材料materials487碳化物carbide488復(fù)相

24、composite489氧化鋯zirconia490基體材料matrix491滲透infiltration492退火處理annealing493磨粒wear494氧化行為oxidation495細(xì)小fine496基合金alloy497粒徑分布size498潤(rùn)滑lubrication499定向凝固solidification500晶格常數(shù)lattice501晶粒度size502顆粒表面surface503吸收峰absorption504磨損特性wear505水熱合成hydrothermal506薄膜表面films507性質(zhì)研究properties508試件specimen509結(jié)晶度crysta

25、llinity510聚四氟乙烯ptfe511硅烷偶聯(lián)劑silane512碳化carbide513試驗(yàn)機(jī)tester514結(jié)合強(qiáng)度bonding515薄膜結(jié)構(gòu)films516晶型crystal517介電損耗dielectric518復(fù)合涂層coating519壓電陶瓷piezoelectric520磨損量wear521組織與性能microstructure522合成法synthesis523燒結(jié)過(guò)程sintering524金屬材料materials525引發(fā)劑initiator526有機(jī)蒙脫土montmorillonite527水熱法制hydrothermal528再結(jié)晶recrystalliz

26、ation529沉積速率deposition530非晶相amorphous531尖端tip532淬火quenching533亞穩(wěn)metastable534穆斯mossbauer535穆斯堡爾mossbauer536偏析segregation537種材料materials538先驅(qū)precursor539物性properties540石墨化度graphitization541中空hollow542彌散particles543淀粉starch544水熱法制備hydrothermal545涂料coating546復(fù)合粉末powder547晶粒長(zhǎng)大grain548sem等sem549復(fù)合材料組織mic

27、rostructure550界面結(jié)構(gòu)interface551煅燒calcined552共混物blends553結(jié)晶行為crystallization554混雜復(fù)合材料hybrid555laves相l(xiāng)aves556摩擦因數(shù)friction557鈦基titanium558磁性材料magnetic559制備納米nanometer560界面上interface561晶粒大小size562阻尼材料damping563熱分析thermal564復(fù)合材料層板laminates565二氧化鈦titanium566沉積法deposition567光催化劑tio568余輝afterglow569斷裂行為fract

28、ure570顆粒大小size571合金組織alloy572非晶形成amorphous573楊氏模量modulus574前驅(qū)物precursor575過(guò)冷alloy576尖晶石spinel577化學(xué)鍍electroless578溶膠凝膠法制備sol-gel579本構(gòu)方程constitutive580磁學(xué)magnetic581氣氛下atmosphere582鈦合金titanium583微粉powder584壓電性piezoelectric585sic晶須sic586應(yīng)力應(yīng)變strain587石英quartz588熱電性thermoelectric589相轉(zhuǎn)變phase590合成方法synthesi

29、s591熱學(xué)thermal592氣孔率porosity593永磁magnetic594流變性能rheological595壓痕indentation596熱壓燒結(jié)sintering597正硅酸乙酯teos598點(diǎn)陣lattice599梯度功能材料fgm600帶材tapes601磨粒磨損wear602碳含量carbon603仿生biomimetic604快速凝固solidification605預(yù)制preform606差示dsc607發(fā)泡foaming608疲勞損傷fatigue609尺度size610鎳基高溫合金superalloy611透過(guò)率transmittance612濺射法制sputt

30、ering613結(jié)構(gòu)表征characterization614差示掃描dsc615通過(guò)semsem616水泥基cement617木材wood618tem分析tem619量熱calorimetry620復(fù)合物composites621鐵電薄膜ferroelectric622共混體系blends623先驅(qū)體precursor624晶態(tài)crystalline625沖擊性能impact626離心centrifugal627斷裂伸長(zhǎng)率elongation628有機(jī)-無(wú)機(jī)organic-inorganic629塊狀bulk630相沉淀precipitation631織物fabric632因數(shù)coeffic

31、ient633合成與表征synthesis634缺口notch635靶材target636彈性體elastomer637金屬氧化物oxide638均勻化homogenization639吸收光譜absorption640磨損行為wear641高嶺土kaolin642功能梯度材料fgm643滯后hysteresis644氣凝膠aerogel645記憶性memory646磁流體magnetic647鐵磁ferromagnetic648合金成分alloy649微米micron650蠕變性能creep651聚氯乙烯pvc652湮沒annihilation653斷裂力學(xué)fracture654滑移slip

32、655差示掃描量熱dsc656等溫結(jié)晶crystallization657樹脂基復(fù)合材料composite658陽(yáng)極anodic659退火后annealing660發(fā)光性properties661木粉wood662交聯(lián)crosslinking663過(guò)渡金屬transition664無(wú)定形amorphous665拉伸試驗(yàn)tensile666濺射法sputtering667硅橡膠rubber668明膠gelatin669生物相容性biocompatibility670界面處interface671陶瓷復(fù)合材料composite672共沉淀法制coprecipitation673本構(gòu)模型consti

33、tutive674合金材料alloy675磁矩magnetic676隱身stealth677比強(qiáng)度strength678改性研究modification679采用粉末powder680晶粒細(xì)化grain681抗磨wear682元合金alloy683剪切變形shear684高溫超導(dǎo)superconducting685金紅石型rutile686晶化行為crystallization687催化性能catalytic688熱擠壓extrusion689微觀microstructure690tem觀察tem691缺口沖擊impact692生物材料biomaterials693涂覆coating694納米

34、氧化nanometer695x射線光電子能譜xps696硅灰石wollastonite697摩擦條件friction698衍射峰diffraction699塊體材料bulk700溶質(zhì)solute701沖擊韌性impact702銳鈦礦型anatase703凝固組織microstructure704磨損試驗(yàn)機(jī)tester705丙烯酸甲酯pmma706raman光譜raman707減振damping708聚酯polyester709體材料materials710航空aerospace711光吸收absorption712韌化toughening713疲勞裂紋擴(kuò)展fatigue714超塑superpl

35、astic715凝膠法制備gel716半導(dǎo)體材料semiconductor717剪應(yīng)力shear718發(fā)光材料luminescence719凝膠法制gel720甲基丙烯酸甲酯pmma721硬質(zhì)hard722摩擦性能friction723電致變色electrochromic724超細(xì)粉powder725增強(qiáng)相reinforced726薄帶ribbons727結(jié)構(gòu)弛豫relaxation728光學(xué)材料materials729sic陶瓷sic730纖維含量fiber731高阻尼damping732鎳基nickel733熱導(dǎo)thermal734奧氏體austenite735單軸uniaxial736超

36、導(dǎo)電性superconductivity737高溫氧化oxidation738樹脂基體matrix739含能energetic740粘著adhesion741穆斯堡爾譜mossbauer742脫層delamination743反射率reflectivity744單晶高溫合金superalloy745粘結(jié)bonded746快淬quenching747熔融插層intercalation748外加applied749鈣鈦礦結(jié)構(gòu)perovskite750減摩friction751復(fù)合氧化物oxide752苯乙烯styrene753合金表面alloy754爆轟detonation755長(zhǎng)余輝afterg

37、low756斷裂過(guò)程fracture757紡織textile材料的類型Types of materials, metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, elastomer部分材料性質(zhì)復(fù)習(xí)Review of selected properties of materials, 電導(dǎo)率和電阻率conductivity and resistivity,熱導(dǎo)率thermal conductivity, 應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變stress and strain,彈性應(yīng)變elastic strain, 塑性應(yīng)變plastic strain, 屈服強(qiáng)度yield strength,

38、最大抗拉強(qiáng)度ultimate tensile strength, 最大強(qiáng)度ultimate strength, 延展性ductility, 伸長(zhǎng)率elongation, 斷面收縮率reduction of area, 頸縮necking, 斷裂強(qiáng)度breaking strength, 韌性toughness,硬度hardness,疲勞強(qiáng)度f(wàn)atigue strength, 蜂窩honeycomb, 熱脆性heat shortness,晶胞中的原子數(shù)atoms per cell, 點(diǎn)陣lattice, 陣點(diǎn)lattice point, 點(diǎn)陣參數(shù)lattice parameter,密排六方hexa

39、gonal close-packed, 六方晶胞hexagonal unit cell,體心立方body-centered cubic, 面心立方face-centered cubic, 彌勒指數(shù)Miller indices, 晶面crystal plane, 晶系crystal system, 晶向crystal direction,相變機(jī)理Phase transformation mechanism: 成核生長(zhǎng)相變nucleationgrowth transition, 斯賓那多分解spinodal decomposition, 有序無(wú)序轉(zhuǎn)變disordered-order transit

40、ion, 馬氏體相變martensite phase transformation，成核nucleation, 成核機(jī)理nucleation mechanism, 成核勢(shì)壘nucleation barrier, 晶核，結(jié)晶中心nucleus of crystal, 金屬組織的）基體quay, 基體，基塊，基質(zhì)，結(jié)合劑matrix, 子晶，雛晶matted crystal, 耔晶，晶種seed crystal, 耔晶取向seed orientation, 籽晶生長(zhǎng)seeded growth, 均質(zhì)核化homogeneous nucleation, 異質(zhì)核化heterogeneous nuclea

41、tion, 均勻化熱處理homogenization heat treatment, 熟料grog,自恰場(chǎng)self-consistent field固溶體Solid solution: 有序固溶體ordered solid solution, 無(wú)序固溶體disordered solid solution, 有序合金ordered alloy, 無(wú)序合金disordered alloy. 無(wú)序點(diǎn)陣disordered lattice, 分散，擴(kuò)散，彌散dispersal, 分散劑dispersant, 分散劑，添加劑dispersant additive, 分散劑， 彌散劑dispersant

42、agent缺陷defect, imperfection, 點(diǎn)缺陷point defect,線缺陷 line defect, dislocation, 面缺陷interface defect, surface defect, 體缺陷volume defect, 位錯(cuò)排列dislocation arrangement, 位錯(cuò)陣列dislocation array, 位錯(cuò)氣團(tuán)dislocation atmosphere, 位錯(cuò)軸dislocation axis, 位錯(cuò)胞dislocation cell, 位錯(cuò)爬移dislocation climb, 位錯(cuò)滑移dislocation slip, dis

43、location movement by slip, 位錯(cuò)聚結(jié)dislocation coalescence, 位錯(cuò)核心能量dislocation core energy, 位錯(cuò)裂紋dislocation crack, 位錯(cuò)阻尼dislocation damping, 位錯(cuò)密度dislocation density, 體積膨脹volume dilation, 體積收縮volume shrinkage,回火tempering, 退火annealing, 退火的，軟化的softened, 軟化退火，軟化（處理）softening, 淬火quenching, 淬火硬化quenching hardening, 正火normalizing, normalization, 退火織構(gòu)annealing texture, 人工時(shí)效artificial aging,細(xì)長(zhǎng)比aspect ratio, 形變熱處理ausforming, 等溫退火austempering, 奧氏體austenite, 奧氏體化austenitizing,貝氏體bainite, 馬氏體martensite, 馬氏體淬火marquench, 馬氏體退火martemper,