考博英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、考博英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)總結(jié)（1）· 獨(dú)立主格、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、主謂一致、倒裝  獨(dú)立主格特征  1. 充當(dāng)句子的狀語(yǔ)。  2. 有自己的主語(yǔ)，同句子的主語(yǔ)不一致。  3. 名詞（代詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞）+ 分詞  4.With + 名詞 （代詞） + 分詞 (形容詞）  例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home.  b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started.  c) he entered

2、 the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle).  真題剖析  (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would47feed them. 45. A. For B. As  C. With  D. Because 練習(xí)：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf _7_ from the door, the world _8_ your thesis a

3、dviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do _9_ you really want to do. 8. A. is  B. having C. being D. be  虛擬語(yǔ)氣  虛擬語(yǔ)氣（2）  1. （should）+動(dòng)詞原形  It +be動(dòng)詞+形容詞(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regretta

4、ble, desirable)+that從句  It +be動(dòng)詞+名詞(pity,shame)+that從句  It +be動(dòng)詞+過(guò)去分詞(ordered, begged, voted, moved)+that從句  部分名詞/動(dòng)詞(表示建議，勸告，決定等) +that從句  2. Its (high, about) time that +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式  would rather +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式  真題剖析  (1997) I wouldnt be truthful if I47say that teaching is hard

5、 work .   47. A. do  B. did  C. dont  D. didnt  (1993)The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration52 , and they53that the professor be sent home.53. A. ordered  B. pleaded  C. decided D. demanded  練習(xí)：Years ago the

6、experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we_15_ this message to heart. 15. A. took  B. would take  C. will take D. should take (2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even _5

7、4_ other facets of life prove disappointing. (even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.)  54.A. shall  B.will C.would D.should  非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞  動(dòng)名詞、分詞、不定式。  主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)。(doing/done, to do /to be done)  發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前還是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have d

8、one /to have been)  To在什么情況下作介詞，什么情況下作不定式引導(dǎo)詞。  真題剖析  (2000) In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies60into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers.  60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops  (2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, lead

9、s a59life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 59. A. destructive  B. dissatisfied C. damaged  D. derivative 主謂一致  1. 整體及抽象概念作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式。  How you got there doesnt concern m

10、e.  Growing vegetables needs constant watering.  2.表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、容量、價(jià)值等概念作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)多用單數(shù)。  Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 3. 以-s結(jié)尾的專有名詞（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式。  4. “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+主語(yǔ)”，謂語(yǔ)跟主語(yǔ)保持一致。  Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is

11、 under water).  5. 不定代詞(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。  Everyone knows that youve come here. If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.(-thing 的情況例外)  6. 謂語(yǔ)同并列主語(yǔ)的

12、第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等）  He no less than John is interested in literature.  7. 謂語(yǔ)同最貼近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。(or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also,

13、notbut, partlypartly等)  Either my father or my brothers are coming. 8. each,every,many a, no +主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。  Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall.  真題剖析  (2000) Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53

14、of Africas cities are growing by 10% a year,54 of urbanization ever recorded.  53. A. none  B. few  C. any  D. some 倒裝  全部倒裝  1. “There (Here) +be+主語(yǔ)” There stand big buildings in this district.  Here on the desk lies a pile of books.  2. 單個(gè)副詞(in, out, now, up

15、, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不可拆，如it blew up.)  In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 轉(zhuǎn)貼于：考博_考試大【責(zé)編:xx  糾錯(cuò)】限定詞的用法 1. Both, each, either, neither (只指兩個(gè)) 2. All, every, each, some, any, no (指兩個(gè)以上) 3. Some, any, more, (the) most, all, a lot, lots, enough, none (復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)或不可數(shù)) 4. Much,

16、 (a) little, a good/great deal, less, (the) least (不可數(shù)) eg. “Got any money?” “None at all.” eg. “Does either side of this street get more sun that the other?” “No, neither side is sunnier than the other.” 從句為考察重點(diǎn) (1999) The answers given by 200 women to those intimate open-ended questions made me re

17、alize that51was wrong could not be related to education in the way it was then believed to be. 51. A. whichB. whatC. itD. that(1998) They learned to51their farming habits to the climate and soil.52they selected the fourth Thursday of November for their Thanksgiving53, they invited their neighbors, 5

18、2. A. WhileB. WhenC. SoD. If(1993) In the United States a commentator remarked that45Japan apparently still used some “primitive tools”,46a Japanese commentator expressed astonishment that the American pens wrote so poorly they could safely be used only once and then discarded.46. A. thoughB. whenC.

19、 whileD. and thatomitting the subjectRather formal use 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句以 although, though, while, or whilst 開頭時(shí)通常與主句共享主語(yǔ), 從句謂語(yǔ)用分詞形式。 Whilst he liked cats, he never let them come into his house. Whilst liking cats, he never let them come into his house. Both the journalists, though greeted as heroes on their r

20、eturn from prison, not long afterwards quietly disappeared from their newspapers.這四個(gè)詞還可用在名詞、形容詞或副詞詞組前，如： It was an unequal marriage, although a stable and long-lasting one.Though not very attractive physically, she possessed a sense of humour. WHILE 1.He stayed with me while Dad talked with Dr. Smit

21、h. 2.I often knit while watching TV. 3.While I have some sympathy for these fellows, I think they went too far. AND 1. often used to link clauses I came here in 1922 and I have live here ever since. 2. When you are giving advice or a warning, you can use “and” to say what will happen if something is

22、 done. Go by train and youll get there quicker. Do as youre told and youll be all right. WHERE1. She was standing exactly where you are standing now.2.In 1963 we moved to Boston, where my grandparents lived. 3.The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctl

23、y and safely.4.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree.5.Now, where were we? Oh yes, we were talking about John. 6.Where others might have been satisfied, Dawson had higher ambitions. (difference) WHICH(本身無(wú)意義，必須接在名詞或代詞后面) 1.定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞 Did you see the letter which came

24、 today?Now they were driving by the houses which Andy had described. 2.分割句子，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明 The house, which was completed in 1856, was famous for its huge marble staircase.He was educated at the local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge.She may have missed the train, in which case she wont arr

25、ive for another hour. THAT多用于同位語(yǔ)從句和thing的定語(yǔ)從句中。WHAT (有實(shí)際意義，可用于賓語(yǔ)從句和主語(yǔ)從句) 1. No one knows exactly what happened. 2.It is not clear to what extent these views were shared. 3.I could get you a job here if thats what you want. 4. What that kid needs is some love and affection.5. What matters is the Brit

26、ish people and British jobs. AS 1.比較 His last album sold half a million copies and we hope this one will be just as popular./ They want peace as much as we do.2.作為，正如 Wed better leave things as they are until the police arrive.David, as you know, has not been well lately.3.看作，看待 The result of last w

27、eeks election will be seen as a victory. 4.當(dāng)時(shí)候= while or whenI saw Peter as I was getting off the bus.5.原因 As it was getting late, I turned around to start for home.6.讓步= though Try as she might, Sue couldnt get the door open. The bag has narrow straps, so it may be worn over the shoulder or carried

28、 in the hand. Id be in trouble if I let on. So I kept mum. When the meal was finished, Rachel washed up and made coffee. I would have liked to have learnt French, but I was denied (=not given) the opportunity.The opportunity was denied (to) me at school. The prestige is denied (to) the classroom tea

29、cher. The classroom teacher is denied the prestige.· 過(guò)去分詞與形容詞的語(yǔ)義差： 1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things the destructive power of modern weapons Damaged: being in a bad state emotionally damaged children 2.Respected:admired by many because of achievementsHes one of the most respected

30、 managers in the game. Respectful: feeling or showing respect They listened in respectful silence. 3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. Preferential: Bank officials den

31、ied giving the senator any preferential treatment. 4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights.Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. 5.

32、Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. Lovable: a sweet lovable child Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. 6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds Tolerable: All in all, it w

33、as better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。為了區(qū)分這三種不同的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法和含義，我們將分別從三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)以及一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)句型等角度來(lái)區(qū)分其用法和細(xì)微含義。 1不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象動(dòng)作；而不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here這里禁止抽煙。(抽象) It is not very goo

34、d for you to smoke so much你抽這么多煙對(duì)你身體很不好。(具體)(2)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。不定式短語(yǔ)通常用來(lái)表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting爬山很有趣。(經(jīng)驗(yàn))Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring在高峰時(shí)刻開車令人厭煩。(經(jīng)驗(yàn))（3）不定式做主語(yǔ)，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，把作主語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(1)不定式

35、作表語(yǔ)1)不定式作表語(yǔ)一般表示具體動(dòng)作，特別是表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。To do two things at a time is to do neither-次做兩件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建議是立刻開始干。2）如果主語(yǔ)是不定式（表示條件），表語(yǔ)也是不定式（表示結(jié)果）。To see is to believe.百聞不如一見。To work means to earn a living工作就是為了生活。3)如果主語(yǔ)是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpos

36、e，thing，wish等為中心的名詞，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式作表語(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future他的希望是在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)買一輛豪華轎車。The function of Louis Sullivans architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate

37、 with them about the future of the plant(2)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)：動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，表示抽象的一般性的行為。Our work is serving the people我們的工作是為人民服務(wù)。His hobby is collecting stamps他的愛好是集郵。(注)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同，但其所屬結(jié)構(gòu)迥異，進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)完成的。動(dòng)名詞做表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或情況。People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have

38、 made such a stupid mistake.His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected(3)分詞作表語(yǔ)分詞做表語(yǔ)有兩種情況，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語(yǔ)，一種是過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)，這兩者區(qū)別是考試中經(jīng)常考到的地方。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞如excite，interest等都是及物動(dòng)詞，漢語(yǔ)意思不是“激動(dòng)”，“高興”，而是“使激動(dòng)”、“使高興”，因而現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是“令人激動(dòng)的”、“令人高興的”，過(guò)去分詞則是“感到激動(dòng)的”和“感到高興的”。所以，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到”都用-e

39、d形式。換句話說(shuō)，若人對(duì)感興趣，就是somebody is interested in.,若人/物本身有興趣時(shí)，就是說(shuō)sb./sth. is interesting.這類詞常見的有：interesting使人感到高興-interested感到高興的exciting令人激動(dòng)的-excited感到激動(dòng)的delighting令人高興的-delighted感到高興的disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人費(fèi)解的-puzzled感到費(fèi)解的

40、satisfying令人滿意的-satisfied感到滿意的surprising令人驚異的-surprised感到驚異的worrying令人擔(dān)心的-worried感到擔(dān)心的Travelling is interesting but tiring旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much如果要學(xué)生學(xué)得太多，他們會(huì)感到糊涂的。The argument is very convincing他的論點(diǎn)很令人信服。They were very excited at the news聽到這個(gè)消息，

41、他們非常激動(dòng)。3不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別英語(yǔ)中大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式，也可跟動(dòng)名詞作直接賓語(yǔ)，但有些動(dòng)詞要求：(1)不定式做賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1)下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓語(yǔ)attempt企圖enable能夠neglect忽視afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起demand要求long渴望arrange安排destine注定mean意欲，打算begin開始expect期望omit忽略，漏appear似乎，顯得determine決定manage設(shè)法cease停止hate憎恨，厭惡pretend假裝ask問(wèn)dread害怕need需要agree同意desire愿望love愛swear宣誓volunteer志愿wish

42、希望 bear承受endeavor努力offer提供beg請(qǐng)求fail不能plan計(jì)劃bother擾亂；煩惱forget忘記prefer喜歡，寧愿care關(guān)心，喜歡happen碰巧prepare準(zhǔn)備decide決定learn學(xué)習(xí)regret抱歉，遺憾choose選擇hesitate猶豫profess表明claim要求hope希望promise承諾，允許start開始undertake承接want想要consent同意，贊同intend想要refuse拒絕decide決定learn學(xué)習(xí)vow起contrive設(shè)法，圖謀incline有傾向propose提議seek找，尋覓try試圖2)下面的動(dòng)詞

43、要求不定式做賓補(bǔ)：動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式ask要求，邀請(qǐng)get請(qǐng)，得到prompt促使allow允許forbid禁止prefer喜歡，寧愿announce宣布force強(qiáng)迫press迫使bride 收買inspire鼓舞request請(qǐng)求assist協(xié)助hate憎惡pronounce斷定，表示advise勸告exhort告誡，勉勵(lì)pray請(qǐng)求authorize授權(quán)，委托 help幫助recommend勸告，推薦bear容忍implore懇求remind提醒beg請(qǐng)求induce引誘report報(bào)告 compel強(qiáng)迫invite吸引，邀請(qǐng)，summon傳喚command命令intend想要，企圖

44、show顯示drive驅(qū)趕mean意欲，打算train訓(xùn)練cause引起instruct指示require要求deserve應(yīng)受leave使，讓tell告訴direct指導(dǎo)like喜歡tempt勸誘entitle有資格order命令warn告誡enable使能夠need需要urge激勵(lì)，力說(shuō)encourage鼓勵(lì)oblige不得不want想要condemn指責(zé)，譴責(zé)lead引起，使得teach教entreat懇求permit允許wish希望(2)有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)acknowledge承認(rèn)，自認(rèn)cease 停止mention說(shuō)到，講到admit 承認(rèn)tolerate忍受dislike

45、不喜歡，討厭advocate：提倡，主張complete完成dread可怕appreciate 感激，欣賞confess坦白endure忍受avoid避免contemplate細(xì)想enjoy享有，喜愛bear忍受defer拖延envy嫉妒cant help不禁delay延遲escape逃跑，逃避cant stand受不了deny否認(rèn)excuse借口consider 考慮detest嫌惡fancy幻想，愛好favor 造成，偏愛mind 介意repent悔悟figure描繪，計(jì)算miss錯(cuò)過(guò)resent怨恨finish完成，結(jié)束不得pardon原諒，饒恕resist抵抗，阻止forgive原諒p

46、ermit 允許resume恢復(fù)imagine設(shè)想postpone延遲，延期risk冒險(xiǎn)involve卷入，包含practise 實(shí)行，實(shí)踐suggest建議hate討厭prevent阻止save營(yíng)救，儲(chǔ)蓄keep保持quit放棄停止stand堅(jiān)持，忍受loathe非常討厭，厭惡recall回想例如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激兩年前給我出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。(3)有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的差別1）forget to do 忘記要去做某事（此事未做）fo

47、rget doing忘記做過(guò)某事（此事已做過(guò)或已發(fā)生）2）stop to do 停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事3）remember to do 記住去做某事（未做）remember doing記得做過(guò)某事(已做)4) regret to do對(duì)要做的事遺憾regret doing對(duì)做過(guò)的事遺憾、后悔5）try to do努力、企圖做某事try doing試驗(yàn)、試一試某種辦法6) mean to do打算，有意要mean doing意味著7）go on to do 繼而（去做另外一件事情）go on doing 繼續(xù)（原先沒(méi)有做完的事情）8）p

48、ropose to do 打算（要做某事）proposing doing建議（做某事）9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具體行為；+doing sth 表示抽象、傾向概念（注)如果這些動(dòng)詞前有should一詞，其后賓語(yǔ)只跟不定式，不能跟動(dòng)名詞。例如：I should like to see him tomorrow10) need, want, deserve +動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)意義；+不定式被動(dòng)態(tài)表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。Dont you remember seeing the man before?你不記得以前見過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎?You must remem

49、ber to leave tomorrow你可要記著是明天動(dòng)身。I dont regret telling her what I thought我不后悔給她講過(guò)我的想法。(已講過(guò))I regret to have to do this，but I have no choice我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實(shí)在沒(méi)辦法。(未做但要做)You must try to be more careful你可要多加小心。Lets try doing the work some other way讓我們?cè)囈辉囉昧硗庖环N辦法來(lái)做這工作。I didnt mean to hurt your feeling我沒(méi)想要傷害你的

50、感情。This illness will mean(your)going to hospital得了這種病(你)就要進(jìn)醫(yī)院。考博英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)總結(jié)4不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(1）不定式作定語(yǔ)1)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是主謂關(guān)系He was the last one to leave school yesterday昨天他是最后一個(gè)離開教室的。The train to arrive was from London將要到站的火車是從倫敦開來(lái)的。2)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系Get him something to eat給他拿點(diǎn)兒東西吃。She has a lot of

51、work to do in the morning早上他有很多工作要做。3)不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的不定式做定語(yǔ)，要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，這里的介詞不能省去。I need a pen to write with我需要一支筆寫字。There is nothing to worry about沒(méi)有什么值得發(fā)愁的。4)不定式修飾一些表示方向、原因、時(shí)間、機(jī)會(huì)、權(quán)利等抽象名詞如：ability能力，本領(lǐng)drive趕，駕駛movement運(yùn)動(dòng)，活動(dòng)ambition抱負(fù)，野心effort努力，嘗試need需要，需求campaign戰(zhàn)役，運(yùn)動(dòng)failure失敗，不及格opportunit

52、y機(jī)會(huì)chance機(jī)會(huì)force力，壓力，要點(diǎn)promise許諾，希望courage勇氣intention意向，意圖reason理由，原因decision決定method方法，方式light光，光線，亮光determination決心，決定motive動(dòng)機(jī)，目的struggle奮斗，努力，tendency傾向，趨勢(shì)wish希望，愿望，祝愿5）被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或next， second, last, only和not a，the等限定詞時(shí)候，只能用不定式。6）不定代詞something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語(yǔ)。Joh

53、n will do anything but work on a farm除了農(nóng)活，約翰什么都愿意干。7）如果其動(dòng)詞要求用不定式做賓語(yǔ)，或者其形容詞要器接不定式做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，則相應(yīng)的名詞一般用不定式做定語(yǔ)。如： tend to do-tendency to do；decide to do = decision to do；be curious to do = curiosity to doHis wish to buy a car came true他要買輛車的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)了。Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us他們放棄這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的決定

54、使我們大吃一驚。He is always the first to come and the last to leave他總是第一個(gè)到來(lái)，最后一個(gè)離去。(2)分詞作定語(yǔ)分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)有下面幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：1)現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過(guò)去分詞一般表示被動(dòng)含意。2)現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示狀態(tài)或做完(完成)的事。He rushed into the burning house他沖進(jìn)了正在燃燒著的房子。The child standing over there is my brother站在那兒的男孩子是我弟弟。The room facing south is our classroom朝南的房間是

55、我們的教室。Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那個(gè)修好的表了嗎?He is an advanced teacher他是個(gè)先進(jìn)教師。3）下列不及物動(dòng)詞也以過(guò)去分詞形式做定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，但不具有被動(dòng)意義，這點(diǎn)要注意：departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come(3)不定式和分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的時(shí)間關(guān)系一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示

56、的動(dòng)作之后；現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。例如:Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?你要見那位將從北京請(qǐng)來(lái)的醫(yī)生嗎？Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?你要見那位正在辦公室里寫病歷的醫(yī)生嗎？5不定式和分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別（1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)關(guān)系的區(qū)別。1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后將門隨手關(guān)上。Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何辦是好，他去找父母幫忙。2）過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞表