初中英語從句(全)(共13頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上名詞性從句分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。賓語從句1.語述問題跟隨陳述語序如：They want to know where he was born. What is wrong with you? = what is the matter with you?這個(gè)句子不變語序。 I just wander what it is that makes him so excited.2.時(shí)態(tài)（tense） 如果主語是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定She tells me that she will come tomorrow.She tells m

2、e that she won the first prize yesterday. 主語為過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用相對(duì)應(yīng)的過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。She told me she would won the first prize next year.(過去將來時(shí)She told me she had been in Beijing for 3 years.（過去完成時(shí)） 從句為客觀真理、定義、公理、定理時(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.3.連詞1.that:在句子中不作為成分的時(shí)候，可以省略。但是有些情況下

3、that不能省略：l 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞后，賓語從句不止一個(gè)時(shí)，第二個(gè)起that不能省略。They know (that) he was honest and that he had no money.l 當(dāng)that從句被短語或者詞組與謂語動(dòng)詞分開時(shí)不能省略。I noticed ，for the first time, that our teacher was wearing a hat.l It 作形式賓語，that 從句做真正賓語時(shí)He finds it necessary that he should learn foreign languages.l 在wonder/doubt/be sure /

4、certain 之后不能省略I wander that he failed.（我很驚訝他失敗了）2.where和if之間的區(qū)別I dont know whether or not we will have an examination this week.I dont know whether/if we will have an examination or not this week. 介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if當(dāng)whether 后面緊跟著or not 時(shí)只能用whether. 在動(dòng)詞discuss /doubt后面只能用whether.They are discussing wheth

5、er the meeting should be held.3.what引導(dǎo)The modern city was beautiful in what was a waste land ten years ago.4.否定轉(zhuǎn)移由think ,believe ,imagine ,suppose等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)候，要將賓語從句中的否定形式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中去。5.例句We must pay attention to (A) makes mistakes.A.whoever B.whomever C.no matter who D.no matter whom表語從句1.可以連接表語從句的系動(dòng)詞有be，loo

6、k ,feel ,sound ,seem ,spear.2.that 在表語從句中沒有任何意義，但是不能省略。The reason is that.3.在表語從句中不能用if作為連詞。但是可以用whether和as if 引導(dǎo)。The question is whether he is able to do it .It looks as if it would rain.(使用了虛擬語氣)4.it is/was because +原因It is because the weather was bad.5.it is/ was why +結(jié)果It is why he was failed.6.

7、特殊的表語從句Jane is no longer what she was four years ago.主語從句 主語從句中that不能省略。1.常用句型Its a pity that.Its likely/possible thatIt seems/happened/spears that.It is said/known/believed/hope that2.例句Its believed that God created the people.Whether God created the world remains to be seem.同位語從句1.定義當(dāng)兩個(gè)指向同一事物的句子成分

8、放在同等位置時(shí)，一個(gè)句子成分可被用來說明或解釋另一個(gè)句子，后者就叫前者的同位語。Lets you and me go for a walk.2.標(biāo)志詞Fact, idea ,news ,question ,saying ,possibility ,truth ,belief ,hope promise ,suggestion ,advice He got the news from Mary that the meeting was put off. I have no idea at all where they are spending their holidays.有時(shí)同位語從句可以不緊

9、跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。3.連接詞1.that（不能?。㏕he idea that the earth is around is not a new one.2.thetherHe must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.3.疑問詞Next comes the questions what you want to put in the box.Nobody can explain the mystery why he suddenly disappeared.My question how I shall

10、 get in touch with him has not been answered.其他從句還有定語從句(關(guān)鍵)，狀語從句。定語從句：一、結(jié)構(gòu)先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句二、關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞：that ，which ，who ,whom ,whose關(guān)系副詞：where (=in/on/at which) ，why (= for which) ,when (=in/on which)例句：1. The man who/that is standing here is Tom.2.The man that/who/whom/或者省略 he is talking to is

11、 Tom.3. The man to whom he is talking is Tom.(介詞后必須加賓格并且不能省略)4. The man , whose father is a teacher went abroad.5.The man ,the father of whom is a teacher went abroad.6.The man, of whom the father is a teacher went abroad.總結(jié)：., whose +n.和., the n of which(指物)/whom(指人)以及, of which/whom the n 這三個(gè)句型可以相

12、互轉(zhuǎn)換。三、只能用that不能用which的情況1.既有人又有物：the teachers and the schools that.2.有不定代詞或者有不定代詞修飾時(shí)：I will tell you everything that.I will tell you all the things that.3.最高級(jí)修飾或者序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)：The most beautiful flowers that.The first man that4.避免重復(fù)Who is the man that is standing here?Which is the book that I like?5.有only/

13、very/just then 修飾時(shí)He is the only one that/who is fit for This is the only book that I want to buy.6.先行詞充當(dāng)表語時(shí)Tom isnt the boy that he used to be.(定語從句，先行詞boy在句子中作為表語)Tom isnt what he used to be.(表語從句)四、只用which不能用that的情況1.非限制性定語從句（用逗號(hào)隔開的一般是非限制性定語從句）These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，hav

14、e not borne any fruit.2.介詞后用whichThere are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.3.避免重復(fù)The clock is that which tells the time.五、只用who不用that1.先行詞為指人的代詞：those , all ,one ,ones ,someone ,anyone ,no oneThose who win the game will get the prize.All who went there spoke highly of the park.2.t

15、here be 中先行詞為人是只用whoThere is an old man who wants to see you.六、特殊的關(guān)系詞as1.as 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時(shí)，一定充當(dāng)主語或賓語或者表語。She wear the same coat as her sister usually does.It is such an interesting film as we all like to see.(定語從句不完整，as充當(dāng)賓語)It is such an interesting film that we all like to see it.(從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，這是狀語從句)2.as引導(dǎo)非

16、限制性定語從句As was expected ,he finished the task perfectly.The earth is around ,as we all know.The earth , as we all know , is around.As is often the case,.(情況往往是這樣的)As is natural,.(很自然的)這些短語可以用于議論文寫作。七、特殊句型先行詞充當(dāng)主語時(shí)，注意主謂一致。1.the number of the people who own cars is increasing.2.he is one of the students

17、 who have passed examination.He is the one of the students who has passed examination.3.i have two sisters, neither of whom are teachers.I have two sisters and neither of them are teachers.I have two sisters, neither of them teachers.4.there are some people in the garden ,whose owner was seated/sitt

18、ing.there are some people in the garden ,its owner seated/sitting.there are some people in the garden and its owner was seated.5.is this the factory that/which/或者省略 you visited yesterday?Is this the factory to which you paid a visit?Is this the factory where you worked?Is this the factory, the one w

19、hich/that/可以省略 you visited?Is this the factory, the one to which you paid a visited?Is this the factory, the one where/in which you worked?6.the house whose roof was damaged has been repaired now.The house , the roof of which was damaged has been repaired now.The house of which the roof was damaged

20、has been repaired now.7.This is the reason why/for which I did it.This is the reason that/which he told me.8.I hate the way in which/that/可以省略 he spoke to his father.(way句子中作狀語)Thats the way which/that/可以省略 you told me.(way句子中作賓語)He gave me the way which/that is not practical.(way在從句中作主語)9.she is so

21、 clever a girl that she learns everything quickly.She is so clever a girl as learns everything quickly.狀語從句一、時(shí)間狀語從句When/while/as 都可以跟持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞As/when/while I was walking down the street, I meet my friend.各個(gè)連詞的區(qū)別：1. whenl 從屬連詞，可以引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性或者短暫性動(dòng)詞，表明主句、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或者從句動(dòng)作在主句之前。When I lived there ,I used to go to th

22、e seaside.(主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生)When the film ended , people went home.（從句動(dòng)作在主句之前）l 并列連詞Be doing.when.Be about to do. When.I was doing homework when the light went off.I was about to jump into the river when he stopped me.l 表示原因、作“既然”的意思How could you expect to learn anything when you didnt listen in class.It w

23、as foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in 5 minutes.2.whilel 只引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Dont talk too aloud while others are working.l 并列連詞，作“而，卻”的意思He likes pop music while I am fond of folk music.l 作“盡管，雖然”的意思While I admit there are problems, I dont agree that they cant be solved.3.as l 主句

24、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或者交替發(fā)生，作“一邊。一邊?！?，“隨著?！钡囊馑糀s time goes on,.He hurried home, looking behind as he went.4.as soon as=the moment=the minute=the instant=immediately=directly= instandlyIll tell him the news as soon as he comes.5.no soonerthan=hardly/scarily/barelywhen倒裝句，主句用had done過去完成時(shí)。No sooner had he arrived

25、at the station than the train left.他剛到火車站，火車就離開了。6.notuntilHe didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.=Not until he finished his homework did he go to bed.(倒裝句)=It was not until he finished his homework that he went to bed.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)7.since“自從.以來“ 從句是短暫性動(dòng)詞It has been ten years since I graduated.It

26、 is 3 years since he smoked.=It is 3 years since he stopped smoking.(不抽煙已3年了)8.beforel “多久以后才?！盩hey had walked 4 days before they arrived.l “還沒來得及。就。“The house had fallen down before they could run out.l “趁還沒有。就?！盬rite it down before you forget.It is/has been+一段時(shí)間+sinceIt will be /was+一段時(shí)間+before9.t

27、he first timeI like the book the first time I saw it.10.every time=each timeI visited the teacher every time I went home.二、地點(diǎn)狀語從句連詞：where、whereverYou are free to go wherever you like.Where there is a will, there is a way.（有志者事竟成）三、原因狀語從句連詞：because：直接因果關(guān)系，語氣強(qiáng)，回答why問句。 Since：“既然”,位于主句前。 As:“由于”，位于主句前或

28、者后面 For:位于主句后，表示補(bǔ)充說明或者推測原因。Since anyone is here, lets begin.As it is raining, we will not go out.It must be rained last night, for it is wet all over.四、目的狀語從句連詞：so that. 一般放在主句后。 In order that. 主句前或者后都可以，語氣更加正式。這兩個(gè)句型從句中往往有can /could/mightI will speak slowly so that you can understand me.In order that you can see the sun rise, we started early. For fear that.和in case that 類似，