第二講情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

1、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化；不能單獨(dú)使用，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化；不能單獨(dú)使用，必須與其后的動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語。必須與其后的動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語。 一、 can, could 1. 表示能力（體力、知識(shí)、技能）。表示能力（體力、知識(shí)、技能）。 Can you lift this heavy box?（體力）（體力） Mary can speak three languages.（知識(shí)）（知識(shí)） Can you skate?（技能）（技能） 此時(shí)可用此時(shí)可用be able to代替。代替。Can只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去式一般過去式；而；而be able to則有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。

2、則有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。 Ill not be able to come this afternoon. 當(dāng)表示當(dāng)表示“經(jīng)過努力才得以做成功某事經(jīng)過努力才得以做成功某事”時(shí)應(yīng)用時(shí)應(yīng)用be able to，不能用，不能用Can。如：如： He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2.表示請(qǐng)求和允許。表示請(qǐng)求和允許。 -Can I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 此時(shí)可與此時(shí)可與may互換。在疑問句中還可用互換。在疑問句中還可用could, mig

3、ht代替，不是過去式，只是語氣更委婉，不能代替，不是過去式，只是語氣更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答語中。用于肯定句和答語中。 - Could I come to see you tomorrow? - Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. ) 3. 表示客觀可能性（客觀原因形成的能力表示客觀可能性（客觀原因形成的能力）。）。 Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least. 4.表示推測(cè)（驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度），用于

4、表示推測(cè)（驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度），用于疑問句、否定句和感嘆句中。疑問句、否定句和感嘆句中。 Can this be true? This cant be done by him. How can this be true? 1) - I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. - No. She _ be there, I have just been there. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wouldnt2) 【2015浙江浙江】It was so nois

5、y that we hear ourselves speak.A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. mustnt D neednt3.（2014北京卷）北京卷）_ I have a word with you? It wont take long. A. CanB. Must C. ShallD. Should4) （2014大綱卷）大綱卷）Although you _ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop. A. should B. need C. must D. can 5)（2011

6、浙江卷）浙江卷）- Hows your new babysitter? - We _ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much. A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt 6) （2008福建卷）福建卷）It is usually warm in my hometown in March， but it _ be rather cold sometimes.A. must B. can C. should D. would7)Mr Bush is on time for everything H

7、ow it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？ (上海上海2001春春) Acan Bshould Cmay Dmust 8) Could I borrow your dictionary？ Yes, of course you (MET92) Amight Bwill Ccan Dshould 9)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out(NMET97) Ahad to Bwould Ccould Dwas able to 二、 may, mi

8、ght 1.表示請(qǐng)求和允許。表示請(qǐng)求和允許。might比比 may語氣更委婉，而語氣更委婉，而不是過去式。否定回答時(shí)可用不是過去式。否定回答時(shí)可用cant 或或mustnt表示表示“不可以，禁止不可以，禁止”。 -Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt. - May/Might I take this book out of the room? - Yes, you can. 用用May I.？征徇對(duì)方許可時(shí)比較正式和客氣，而？征徇對(duì)方許可時(shí)比較正式和客氣，而用用Can I.？在口語中更常見。？在口語中更常見。2. 表示推測(cè)、可能性（

9、不用于疑問句）。表示推測(cè)、可能性（不用于疑問句）。might不不是過去式，它所表示的可能性比是過去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。小。 He may /might be very busy now. Your mother may /might not know the truth. 3.用于祈使句，表示祝愿。用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed1)【2015陜西陜西】You feel all the training a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did

10、it. A. should B. need C. shall D. may2) （2014江西卷）江西卷）30. Life is unpredictable ; even the poorest _become the richest . A. shall B. must C. need D. might3)（2008四川卷）四川卷） Although this _ sound like a simple task，great care is needed。A. must B. may C. shall D. should4) Is John coming by train？ He shoul

11、d, but he not He likes driving his car (NMET2002) Amust Bcan Cneed Dmay 5)Are you coming to Jeffs party？ Im not sure I go to the concert instead (NMET2000) Amust Bwould Cshould Dmight 6) Johnny, you play with the knife, you hurt yourself (NMET96) Awont; cant Bmustnt; may Cshouldnt; must Dcant; shoul

12、dnt 三、 must, have to 1.表示必須、必要。表示必須、必要。 You must come in time. 在回答引出的問句時(shí)，如果是否定的，不能用在回答引出的問句時(shí)，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不準(zhǔn)），而用（禁止，不準(zhǔn)），而用neednt, dont have to（不必）（不必）. - Must we hand in our exercise books today? - Yes, you must. - No, you dont have to / you neednt. 2. must是說話人的主觀看法，是說話人的主觀看法， 而而have to則強(qiáng)調(diào)客則強(qiáng)

13、調(diào)客觀需要。觀需要。Must只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)， have to 有更多的有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式。時(shí)態(tài)形式。 I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age3.表示推測(cè)、可能性（只用于肯定的陳述句）表示推測(cè)、可能性（只用于肯定的陳述句） Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. Your mother must be waiting for you now. 4.偏要偏要,一定要一定要 -May I smoke in the classroom?

14、 -Yes, if you must.1)【2015北京北京】Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late. I really _go now, My daughter is home alone. A .may B .can C . must D .dare 2) 【2015重慶重慶】12. You _ be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years. A. must B. can C. will D. shall3) )【2015四川四川】You _be careful wit

15、h the camera. It costs! A .must B. may C. can D. will4) -Who is the girl standing over there?- Well, if you _know, her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall5)Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _work at inconvenient hours. (湖南卷湖南卷)A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to

16、; may D. ought to; must6) - May I smoke here ? (山東卷山東卷)- If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section.A. should B. could C. may D. must四四、 shall1.shall 用于第一人稱，征求對(duì)方的意見。用于第一人稱，征求對(duì)方的意見。 What shall we do this evening? 2.shall 用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人給對(duì)方的用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。命令、警告、允諾或威脅。 You shall fail

17、if you dont work hard.(警告警告) He shall have the book when I finish it.(允諾允諾) He shall be punished.(威脅威脅) 3.3.用于第三人稱疑問句，表示征求意見。用于第三人稱疑問句，表示征求意見。 Shall he have a try？1)Whats the name?Khulaifi. I spell that for you ? (北京卷北京卷)A. Shall B. Would C. Can D .Might2) -What does the sign over there read?- “No p

18、erson _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.” (四川四川卷卷)A. will B. may C. shall D. must五、五、 will, would 1.表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，would更委婉。更委婉。 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please? 2.表示意志、愿望和決心。表示意志、愿望和決心。 Be going to? I will never do that again. They asked him if he would go

19、 abroad. 3. would表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。would表示過去習(xí)慣時(shí)比表示過去習(xí)慣時(shí)比used to正式，且沒有正式，且沒有“現(xiàn)現(xiàn)已無此習(xí)慣已無此習(xí)慣”的含義。的含義。 During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. The wound would not heal. 4.表示估計(jì)和猜想。表示估計(jì)和猜想。 It would be about ten oclock when she left home. 1)-Write to me when you get home. -_

20、. A. I must B.I should C. I will D.I can2)1.should, ought to表示表示“應(yīng)該應(yīng)該”，ought to表示義表示義務(wù)務(wù)或責(zé)任，比或責(zé)任，比should語氣重。語氣重。 I should help her because she is in trouble. You ought to take care of the baby. 2.表示勸告、建議和命令。表示勸告、建議和命令。should, ought to可通可通用，但在疑問句中常用用，但在疑問句中常用should。 You should / ought to go to class r

21、ight away. Should I open the window? 六、六、should, ought to 3.表示推測(cè)表示推測(cè) should , ought to (客觀推測(cè)客觀推測(cè)), must(主觀推測(cè)主觀推測(cè))。 He must be home by now. (斷定他已到家斷定他已到家) He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定不太肯定) 4.竟然竟然 It was strange that he should fail the exam, for he is one of the top students in our class. 5

22、.5.虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 The old man insisted that the boy (steal) his money and (take) to the police station. Mr Wang suggested that we (read ) at least one English passage each day. The result suggested that he (go) over his lessons before the exam.1)（2014江蘇卷）江蘇卷）It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves,

23、 bring me food. A. mightB. would C. should D. could2) (2009浙江卷）浙江卷）The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal. A. wouldnt B. couldnt 1. C. neednt D. shouldnt 3)（09海南）海南） What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelve A. should B. would C. will D. shall4) （09四川）四川）I

24、 dont care what people think. Well, you _ A. could B. would C. should D. might 5)-Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?-It _be, but it is now heavily polluted. (全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷1) A. will B. would C. should D. must七、七、 dare, need 1.dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí), 常用于疑問句、否定句和常用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中條件從句中, 過去式形式為過

25、去式形式為dared。 How dare you say Im unfair? He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? If we dared not go there that day,we couldnt get the beautiful flowers. 2. need 作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí), 常用于疑問句、否定句。常用于疑問句、否定句。在肯定句中一般在肯定句中一般用用must, have to, ought to, should代替。代替。 You neednt come so early. - Need I

26、 finish the work today? - Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. 3.dare和和 need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí)作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí)， 有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。數(shù)的變化。在肯定句中，在肯定句中，dare后面常接帶后面常接帶to的不定的不定式。在疑問句和否定句中，式。在疑問句和否定句中，dare后面可接帶后面可接帶to或不或不帶帶to的不定式。的不定式。而而need后面只能接帶后面只能接帶to的不定式。的不定式。 I dare to swim across this river. He doesnt dare (to) answer. He

27、needs to finish his homework today. 1)He work too hard if he only wants to graduate from high school. A. needs not B. need not to C. doesnt need D. doesnt need to 2) （2014湖南湖南卷）卷）-Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we_ bring anything with us? A. cant B. mustntC. shant D. needn

28、t情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done常見的肯定與否定結(jié)構(gòu)？常見的肯定與否定結(jié)構(gòu)？1）【2015天津天津】I _ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. A. mightntB. mustnt C. needntD. couldnt2）【2015福建福建】Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.Oh, its too bad. Youhave made full preparations. A. m

29、ustB. canC. would D. Should3）（）（2014陜西卷）陜西卷）25. My book, The House of Hales, is missing. Who _ have taken it? A. need B. must C. should D. could4）（）（2010浙江卷）浙江卷）You _ have a wrong number, she said. Theres no one of that name here. A. need B. can C. must D. would 5）（）（2014四川卷）四川卷）I still remember my

30、happy childhood when my mother _ take me to Disneyland at weekends. A. might B. must C. would D. should6）（）（2012浙江卷）浙江卷） Had they known what was coming next, they _ second thoughts. A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had 7)（2013浙江卷）浙江卷）I_ myself more-it was a perfect day. A. sh

31、ouldnt have enjoyed B. neednt have enjoyed C. wouldnt have enjoyed D. couldnt have enjoyed8) Sorry Im late. I _have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will 9)I was really anxious about you . You _home without a word. A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have

32、 left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave10) Mr. White _at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving11)-Tom graduated from college at a very young age.- Oh, he _ have been a very smart boy then. A. could B.

33、should C. might D. must12) （2008江蘇卷）江蘇卷）Im sorry. I _ at you the other day.Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shoutedC. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted13)（2008山東卷）山東卷） Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you.A. can manage B. could have managedC. could manage D. can have managed14) （09上海）上海）It_ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. A. may B. can C. must D. should15)（09重慶）重慶）Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?She _in the classroom. I saw her there just now