備戰(zhàn)中考之初中代詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、備戰(zhàn)中考之初中代詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)1代詞的作用嚴(yán)格地講 ,代詞是代替名詞的 ,在句子中起名詞的作用 ,可用作：1主語This is our new home. 這是我們的新家。Who is on the phone? 誰在打 ？2賓語Take good care of yourself. 多多保重。We should help each other. 我們應(yīng)互相幫助。3表語Thats not mine.那不是我的。Who is it? Its me.誰呀？ 是我。4同位語We both live in the dormitory.我們兩人都住宿舍。He ate them all. 他把它們?nèi)粤恕?呼語

2、Be patient, everybody. 大家都耐心點(diǎn)。2代詞的分類代詞通?？煞譃橐韵掳祟悾?人稱代詞I, you, he , we等2物主代詞our, your, their, his等3反身代詞myself, ourselves, yourself, itself等4相互代詞each other, one another5指示代詞this, that, these, those等6疑問代詞who, what, which, whose等7關(guān)系代詞who, that, which, whose等8不定代詞both, all, some, any等二、重點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納及講解一人稱代詞1人稱代詞

3、的單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)和主格、賓格數(shù)格人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓語主格賓格第一人稱I 我mewe 我們us第二人稱you 你youyou 你們you第三人稱he 他she 她it 它himherit他們they 她們它們them2人稱代詞的用法1人稱代詞的主格在句子中充當(dāng)主語I am studying English now.我現(xiàn)在正在學(xué)英語。We love our country.我們熱愛我們的國家。如果有幾個(gè)人稱代詞并列充當(dāng)主語 ,它們的順序是：單數(shù)形式 you, he and I復(fù)數(shù)形式 we, you and they2人稱代詞的賓語在句子中充當(dāng)賓語、介詞賓語或表語。Can you help us?你能

4、幫助我們嗎？We are waiting for them.我們正在等他們。Who is there? Its me.是誰呀？是我。二物主代詞物主代詞用來表示人和物之間的所有關(guān)系 ,這類代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種 ,并有不同的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)之分。2形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞的主要用法區(qū)別1形容詞性物主代詞不能獨(dú)立使用 ,只作定語 ,用來修飾后面的名詞。My parents are both doctors.我的父母都是醫(yī)生。We saw a film yesterday. Its name was Speed.我們昨天看了一場電影 ,片名是?生死時(shí)速?。2名詞性物主代詞應(yīng)獨(dú)

5、立使用 ,后面不跟名詞 ,相當(dāng)于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞 ,它們?cè)诰渲锌梢宰髦髡Z、賓語或表語。Is this her pen? No, hers is red. 主語這是她的鋼筆嗎？不 ,她的是紅色的。Lets clean their room first, and then clean ours. 賓語咱們先清掃他們的房間 ,然后再清掃我們的。These letters are his.表語這些信是他的。三反身代詞反身代詞用來表示反射或強(qiáng)調(diào)。1反身代詞的形式人稱一二 三單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemse

6、lves2反身代詞的用法1在句子中作賓語 ,表示動(dòng)作回射到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者本身。My grandmother is too old to look after herself.我奶奶年紀(jì)太大了 ,照顧不了她自己。Lei Feng was always ready to help others, he never thought of himself.雷鋒總是樂于幫助別人 ,從不考慮自己。2在句中作名詞或代詞的同位語 ,用來加強(qiáng)語氣 ,常可譯為“親自、“本人等。在這種情況下 ,反身代詞可以緊跟名詞或代詞之后 ,也可以放到句末。We ourselves will build the factory.我

7、們將自己建造這個(gè)工廠。He spoke to me myself.他對(duì)我本人說話。3反身代詞在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中可構(gòu)成許多常用詞組。by oneself 親自 for oneself 為自己call oneself 稱自己 teach oneself 自學(xué)help oneself to 隨意吃 lose oneself 迷路speak to oneself 自言自語 seat oneself 就座make oneself understood 讓別人懂得自己的意思四指示代詞指示代詞是表示“這個(gè)、“那個(gè)、“這些、“那些等指示概念的代詞 ,如：this, that, these, those等。英語中指示

8、代詞的用法同漢語中的情況相似。this和these一般用來指較近的事物 ,that和those那么指較遠(yuǎn)的事物。指示代詞可以充當(dāng)句子中的主語、定語、賓語或表語。This is a difficult question.這是個(gè)難題。That basketball isnt ours.那個(gè)籃球不是我們的。Do you like these?你喜歡這些嗎？五不定代詞不定代詞是不指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞。1不定代詞有以下形式：some, somebody, someone, something, any, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, nothing, all

9、, both, neither, none, either, each, everybody, everyone, everything, other, another, much ,one2不定代詞在句子中的作用：1作主語Everyone has come. Lets begin.大家都到了 ,我們開始吧。Both of his parents are doctors.他的父母都是醫(yī)生。One is the teacher, the others are students.一人是老師 ,其余的是學(xué)生。2作賓語This one is too small, please show me anot

10、her.這個(gè)太小 ,請(qǐng)另外拿一個(gè)給我看看。Please introduce me to the others.請(qǐng)把我介紹給所有其他的人。3作表語Thats all for today.今天就到這兒吧。Its too much for me.這件事非我力所能及。3常見不定代詞的用法講解1some和anyasome常用于肯定句 ,any多用于否認(rèn)句 ,疑問句或條件狀語從句 ,兩者都可以代替可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。Some say yes and some say no.有的人說是 ,有的人說不是。I dont like any of them.我對(duì)他們一個(gè)也不喜歡。Does any of them kn

11、ow this?他們當(dāng)中有誰知道嗎？b如果在提問時(shí)期待對(duì)方肯定答復(fù) ,或鼓勵(lì)別人說yes時(shí) ,疑問句中的不定代詞要用some ,不用any。Would you like some of the tickets?你想要些票嗎？c在強(qiáng)調(diào)“任何一個(gè)意思的時(shí)候 ,any也可用于肯定句。You can take any of the newspapers here.你可以拿這兒任何一份報(bào)紙。2either和neithereither用于肯定 ,neither用于否認(rèn) ,二者均限于兩個(gè)個(gè)體的情況。You can see tall trees on either of the river banks.在河的

12、兩岸你們能看到高大的樹。Neither of them wants to see the film with me.他們兩個(gè)誰也不想和我去看電影。3one和onesone的復(fù)數(shù)形式one可以指某人 ,人人或某物 ,也可以用來代替上文中提及的可數(shù)名詞 ,以防止用詞的重復(fù)。當(dāng)one指人時(shí) ,其反身代詞為oneself ,所有格形式是ones。One should follow the laws.人人應(yīng)該遵守法律。The one in red is our monitor.穿紅衣服的那位是我們的班長。Shanghai has a lot of new buildings, but it a

13、lso has many old ones.上海有很多新的建筑物 ,也有不少老的建筑物。4復(fù)合不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞是由some, any, no, every同body ,one, thing等詞構(gòu)成的代詞。復(fù)合不定代詞都可看作單數(shù) ,表示“某人或“某物 ,并在句中作主語、賓語或表語。同some和any在用法上的區(qū)別一樣 ,some, someone和something一般用于肯定句 ,anybody, anyone和anything一般用于否認(rèn)句、疑問句和條件狀語從句中。We want somebody to help us.我們想要有人來幫助我們。Have you found anythi

14、ng here?你們?cè)谶@兒發(fā)現(xiàn)什么了嗎？If anyone comes to visit us, tell him we have gone to the cinema.有人來訪就告訴去電影院了。表示人的復(fù)合不定代詞后面都可以加s構(gòu)成所有格。Somebodys wallet has just been stolen.有人的錢包剛剛被偷了。復(fù)合不定代詞要求后置定語。We will have something important to do this afternoon.今天下午我們有些重要事情要做。六疑問代詞疑問代詞是用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句的代詞 ,如who, whom, whose, what和

15、which等。在疑問句中 ,疑問代詞一般都放在句首 ,并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語或定語。Who is your maths teacher?表語誰是你們的數(shù)學(xué)老師？Whose bag is that?定語那是誰的書包？Who teaches you English?主語誰教你們英語？Whom are you talking about?賓語你們?cè)谡務(wù)撜l？七相互代詞相互代詞是表示相互關(guān)系的代詞 ,其形式如下表。主格和賓格所有格each otherone anothereach othersone anothers在當(dāng)代英語中 ,each other和one another意思上沒有區(qū)別 ,它們

16、在句中可以作賓語 ,其所有格可以作定語。例如：Do you often help each other?你們經(jīng)常互相幫助嗎？We are interested in one anothers work.我們對(duì)彼此的工作感興趣。課堂練習(xí)I. 選擇填空：1This dictionary is not hers. Its _.A. I                 B. me     

17、60;         C. mine              D. my2. - Is this _ magazine? - No, it isnt. Its _.A. your, her          B. hers, mine    &#

18、160;     C. yours, hers         D. your, hers3. There are two books on the desk. One is a maths book, _ is an English book.A. others            B. other     

19、60;         C. the other          D. another4. _ of the girls plays tennis well.A. Neither           B. Both         

20、60;     C. All               D. Some5. Mary speaks very quickly. _ is difficult to understand what she is saying.A. That             B. she  

21、;              C. It                 D. There6. The school was built by the villagers _.A. us          &#

22、160;    B. ourselves           C. them               D. themselves7. He put a finger into _ mouth and sucked it.A. his B. he C. him D. hiss8. He is always ready to h

23、elp _.A. another B. others C. the other D. other9. Let _ do this exercise myself.A. him B. her C. us D. me10. Have you _ to tell us?A. important something B. something importantC. important anything D. anything important11. I met an old friend of _ on _ way home.A. mine, my B. my, the C. mine, a D.

24、mine, the12. _ of the students in our class has a ticket.A. Every B. Both C. Each D. All13. There are several books on the desk. _ of them is English.A. All B. Both C. None D. Neither14. _ live in Shanghai.A. We B. Our C. Ours D. Ourselves15. - Is this _ jacket? - Yes, its _.A. her, her B. her,

25、 hers C. hers, her D. hers, hers16. - _ is that boy? - Hes my son.A. Who B. Whom C. What D. Which17. _ humans _ animals can live without air.A. Both, and B. Neither, nor C. Either, or D. Not only, but also18. They have twenty-six desks in the classroom. One is for the teacher, _ are for the students

26、.A. the other B. other C. the others D. others19. My dictionary is in my bag. Where is _?A. yours B. you C. yourself D. your20. I think you can do the job _.A. yourself B. myself C. himself D. your21. - Which jacket is Marys? - The red one is _.A. she B. her C. hers D. his22. My uncle was so angry t

27、hat he was no _ when he found I was beating his dog.A. him B. his C. himself D. he23. There are many trees on _ side of the street.A. all B. both C. every D. each24. _ is important for us to keep the balance of nature.A. There B. That C. This D. It25. She cant find _ watch.A. hers B. it C. her D. it

28、s26. There is _ milk in the glass.A. many B. little C. few D. a few27. Please pass _ the cap of tea.A. me B. my C. mine D. I28. Have you heard from _ recently?A. them B. they C. themselves D. their29. There is _water in the bottle.A. not B. some C. any D. many30. There isnt _ food left on the table.

29、A. many B. few C. much D. little31. Sorry, I cant answer your question. I know _ about the news.A. a little B. little C. few D. a few32. This is his schoolbag, _ is on the desk.A. my B. yours C. your D. you33. We made the radio _.A. us B. ourselves C. myself D. our34. Would please give me _ hot tea?

30、A. one B. little C. some D. any35. - Would you like some milk in your tea? - Yes, just _.A. a little B. little C. a few D. few36. This question is so difficult that _ students can answer it.A. few B. a few C. little D. a little37. They have only _ homework for Sunday.A. few B. a few C. little D. a l

31、ittle38. They told us about their school and we told them about_.A. we B.us C. our D. ours39. This blue suit looks better than the green _.A. / B. one C. suits D. ones40. _ is your father ,a worker or a teacher?A. How B. Which C. What D. Who課后穩(wěn)固1- Whose painting is this? Its really wonderful!- Oh, i

32、ts not _ . Its _ .A. hers; your B. mine; Elsas C. yours; hes D. his; my2_ of the twins went to watch Peking Opera last Sunday.They were staying at home all that day.A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. One3The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it.A. a little B. little C. a few

33、 D. few4This ruler is mine. _ is over there.A. She B. Shes C. Her D. Hers5Ill tell you _ news about the sports meeting.A. many B. some C. a few6All the boys were very tired, but _ of them would take a rest.A. all B. neither C. any D. none7Every day Mr. Hu checks _ homework and corrects the mistakes

34、we make.A. his B. her C. our D. its8- When shall we meet again, this afternoon or tonight?- I dont mind. _ time is OK.A. Either B. Every C. Neither D. Both9The old man has two sons. One is a worker ; _ is a teacher.A. another B. other C. others D. the other10Pass _ the knife, please. My pencil is br

35、oken.A. I B. me C. my D. mine11- Which do you prefer, orange juice or coke?- _, thanks. Id like just a cup of tea.A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None12Bob couldnt buy the dictionary because he had _ money with him.A. a few B. few C. a little D. little13This is not my dictionary. Its _.A. her B. his

36、 C. your D. their14- Oh! I came n a hurry and forgot to bring food.- Never mind. You can have _ .A. us B. ours C. you D. yours15- The watch is so nice! Is it for _?- Yes. Happy birthday. Mary!- Thank you very much.A. his B. me C. my D. hers16- May I use your pen?- Yes, here are two and you can use _ of them.A. both B. every C. any D. either17- Whose book is this?- I