詞匯練習(xí) (3)

1、一、單詞拼寫1. He to_(作證) having seen the man enter the building.2. I will do my utmost to help you find_(住處) .3. In his early days he _ (放棄) medicine for literature. 4. Hearing that the famous star was about to appear, the fans y_ and cheered.5. We hope to have an income of an average a_ growth rate of 1

2、0%.6. The escaped prisoner was _ (拉) out of the cave.7. Gina's _ (語言) is so sharp that it will get her into trouble one day.8. He told us some amusing _ (軼事) of the President's childhood.9. They had an _ (令人敬畏的) task ahead.10. Human brains contain more than 100 million _ (細(xì)胞) per cubic (立方)

3、centimeter.二、翻譯下列短語1扯進(jìn)來：賺得 _    2在遠(yuǎn)處 _3幫助(擺脫困境) _   4一群  _ 5正要做某事 _    6嚇?biāo)懒?_7仔細(xì)考慮 _    8意識(shí)到 _9與此同時(shí)，在此期間 _   10顛倒 _11. 聽說 _         12. 親眼看到 _ 13. 分類,整理_  14. 大聲喊叫_ 15. 快點(diǎn) _ 16. 跑在前_ 17

4、. 給某人領(lǐng)路_  18.在遠(yuǎn)處 _19. 因?yàn)楹芎ε耞 20. 抬高,舉起 _三、用本單元相關(guān)短語完成下面的句子。1. He's the one man who can_ you of your difficulty.2. By working hard he got_ the rest of the class.3. Just dump everything over there I'll _later. 4. I want you to _the situation before it affects you. 5. Everything in the room

5、 was_. 6. I _give up when the good news came. 7. We heard the bell striking 2 o' clock_. 8. He took _cigarettes from his shirt pocket. 9. The corporal and two soldiers had come up_. 10. Let them who agree _their hands! 四、單句翻譯 1. 當(dāng)好消息傳來時(shí)我正打算放棄。 2. 人們發(fā)現(xiàn)那輛損壞的腳踏車被扔在河邊。3. 他作證說看見那個(gè)男人進(jìn)了大樓。4. 我們聽見遠(yuǎn)處的鐘在敲

6、兩點(diǎn)。5. 他每天要用三個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間做作業(yè)。6. 他經(jīng)深思后明白自己無權(quán)做這件事。7. 我一點(diǎn)也不怕他。8. 我很清楚他就是我要求助的人。9. 室內(nèi)的一切都被搞得亂七八糟。10. 你該把它掛在我們大家都能見到的地方。Keys:一、1. witnessed 2. accommodation  3. abandoned  4. yelled    5. annual 6. dragged   7. tongue   8. anecdotes   9. awesome  

7、 10. cells二、1. bring in    2. in the distance    3. help out    4. a pack of    5. be about to do sth.    6. be scared to death     7. reflect on    8. be/ become aware of/ that  &

8、#160;  9. in the meantime   10. upside down11hear of  12. witness with ones own eyes 13. sort out  14. yell out15. come on      16. run ahead of 17. show sb the way18. in the distance  19. be terrified of  20. hold up三、1. help; out 2. ahead

9、 of  3. sort it out  4. be aware of 5. turned upside down6. was about to 7. in the distance  8. a pack of 9. in the meantime  10. hold up四、1. I was about ready to give up when the good news came. 2. The broken bike was found abandoned by the river side. 3. He witnessed to having

10、seen the man enter the building.4. We heard the bell striking 2 o' clock in the distance. 5. It takes him three hours to do his homework everyday.6. He reflected that he had no right to do this. 7. I am not a bit scared of him. 8. I am well aware that he is the one I should turn to.9. Everything

11、 in the room was turned upside down. 10. You shall put it up where we all can see it. 一、重點(diǎn)單詞1. witness vt.目擊,作證,證明 1. We all came to witness history and watch the historic flight of teacher Christa McAuliffe. 我們聚集一起見證歷史，觀看教師克里斯塔麥考利夫歷史性的飛行。 2. Did anyone witness the robbery? 有人親眼看到那次搶劫了嗎? witness an

12、accident, a murde, a quarrel 目擊一事故、謀殺事件、一場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)吵 vi. 作證人 He witnessed to having seen the man enter the building.n. 證人,目擊者,證據(jù),證明,證詞Life without a friend is death without a witness 在世無朋友,死后無證人。The witness stated the facts very clearly. 證人把事實(shí)陳述得很清楚。 give witness on behalf of sb  替作證be a witness to . 是

13、的目擊者witness to sth doing sth (在法庭上)作證bear / give witness to sth 作證支持某人2. accommodationn. 膳宿,旅館房間;容納,提供,適應(yīng) Accommodation is expensive in this city. 這個(gè)城市住房昂貴。 I will do my utmost to help you find accommodation. 我將盡我最大之力幫你找到住處。Can I raise a point about accommodation? 我可以提出一個(gè)關(guān)于膳宿供應(yīng)的看法嗎 To look for accom

14、modation 尋找住處 Provide food and accommodation for sb 向某人提供食宿 3. abandonabandon vt. 拋棄,離棄,遺棄;放棄In his early days he abandoned medicine for literature. 他早年棄醫(yī)學(xué)文。The broken bike was found abandoned by the river side. 人們發(fā)現(xiàn)那輛損壞的腳踏車被扔在河邊。The scientist abandoned his research for lack of fund. 這位科學(xué)家因缺少資金而放棄了研

15、究工作。 I would never abandon my friends. 我永遠(yuǎn)不舍棄我的朋友。 Only weak and cowardly natures abandon themselves to sorrow. 只有那些軟弱怯懦之人才沉溺于憂傷之中。 She abandoned herself to a diet and lost thirty pounds. 她沉迷于減肥而且減了三十磅 。4. reflect  reflect    vi &vt reflection vt. 反射,反映 vi. 反射,映出,思考 The still

16、 water reflected the full moon. 恬靜的水面映出一輪圓月。He reflected that he had no right to do this. 他經(jīng)深思后明白自己無權(quán)做這件事。 Lanny continued to reflect upon it. 蘭妮接著考慮這件事。 A mans action reflects his thought.一個(gè)人的行為反映出他的思想。5. tasten. 味道,品味,味覺,感受, 愛好 vt / vi 嘗起來/ 品嘗Our dining-room tries to cater to all passengers' t

17、astes. 我們的餐廳盡力滿足所有旅客的口味。 A taste for adventure.愛好冒險(xiǎn) Beer tastes bitter .啤酒的味道是苦的。 6. narrown. 狹窄部分,海峽,隘路a. 狹窄的,精密的,有限的,勉強(qiáng)的,眼光短淺的They had to worm their way through the narrow tunnel.他們得鉆過狹窄的隧道. He was so narrow - minded he could see through a keyhole with two eyes. 他眼光狹窄，竟然能夠用兩只眼睛透過一個(gè)鑰匙孔來看。A lane is

18、a narrow country road which winds between fields,connecting villages. lane亦指郊外的狹窄小路,蜿蜒穿過田間,連接各個(gè)村落. 7. scarescare vt. 恐嚇，使驚嚇scared  adj. 驚嚇的，恐懼的be scared of (doing) sth /to do sthDont let the size of the task scare you. 這么多任務(wù)，別嚇壞了你。 There was a bomb scare during the procession. 在列隊(duì)行進(jìn)時(shí)因懷疑有炸彈而引起恐慌

19、. I am not a bit scare of him. 我一點(diǎn)也不怕他。I'm scared to look down from the top of a tall building. 我害怕從高樓樓頂朝下看。二、重點(diǎn)短語1a pack of 一盒,一包;一伙,一群He took a pack of cigarettes from his shirt pocket. 他從襯衣口袋里取出一包紙煙。The book told a pack of lies. 這本書是一大堆謊言。A pack of hounds chased the fox. 一群獵犬追捕狐貍。I had a pack

20、 of cards. 我有一副撲克牌。I smoke a pack of cigarettes a day. 我一天抽一包香煙。2. be about tobe about to 表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，意為“即將,正要,正準(zhǔn)備,正打算”，不也具體的表將來時(shí)間的副詞或副詞性短語連用，但可以與as或when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。I was about ready to give up when the good news came. 當(dāng)好消息傳來時(shí)我正打算放棄。Something unusual was about to happen. 某種不尋常的事正要發(fā)生。 We all felt that ou

21、r luck was about to turn. 我們都以為我們的運(yùn)氣要轉(zhuǎn)變了。 He is about to turn on the light. 他就要把燈打開。 3. come on 跟著來,開始,出臺(tái),上演 快點(diǎn),趕快 The generals and soldiers came on in spite of heavy fire. 官兵冒著猛烈的炮火繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。 Fly the kite when a thunderstorm appears to be coming on. 在暴風(fēng)雨即將來臨的時(shí)候去放風(fēng)箏。 與come相關(guān)的短語：come about 發(fā)生come across 偶

22、然遇見come forth 出來，涌現(xiàn)come out 出版，（花）開come through （電話）接通come up 走近，上升come to 總計(jì)come up with 趕上，補(bǔ)充4. in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)處,在很遠(yuǎn)的那邊We heard the bell striking 2 o' clock in the distance. 我們聽見遠(yuǎn)處的鐘在敲兩點(diǎn)。The sound of the motorbike faded away in the distance. 摩托車的聲音在遠(yuǎn)處逐漸消失了。5. ahead of (空間上/時(shí)間上)在之前, 比好/強(qiáng)Ahea

23、d of us was a big river.Time here is 9 hours ahead of London.這兒時(shí)間比倫敦早九個(gè)小時(shí)He is ahead of me in Chinese.get ahead of 超越By working hard he got ahead of the rest of the class.6. at the time 當(dāng)時(shí)Admittedly, he didnt know that at the time. 無可否認(rèn),他當(dāng)時(shí)并不知道。You didn't know how eager she was at the time. 你不了解

24、她當(dāng)時(shí)急切的心情。At the time from 11 p. m to 1 a. m. 子時(shí)時(shí)分 7. sort out 分類,清理;澄清,解決(問題/困難)Just dump everything over there I'll sort it out later. 先把東西都堆在那邊-我等會(huì)兒再整理.I sort out the mail. 我分揀郵件。8. 與throw相關(guān)的短語：throw cold water on   潑冷水       throw off   &

25、#160;        拋棄，擺脫throw over           回棋，變換  throw away          浪費(fèi)，拒絕throw down          打倒，推翻    throw

26、 up            嘔吐9. 與out of 相關(guān)的短語：out of breath  上氣不接下氣  out of date  過時(shí)的out of control  失控   out of question  可能的out of the question  不可能的  out of repair  失修10. be/ become aware of / thatbe/ bec

27、ome (well) aware of / that對(duì)知道，明白；意識(shí)到I want you to be aware of the situation before it affects you. "我希望在情況影響你前,你能察覺到。" Im very much aware of the lack of food supplies. 我深知食物貯備不足。I am well aware that he is the one I should turn to.我很清楚他就是我要求助的人。11. upside downupside down adv.顛倒,混亂上下翻轉(zhuǎn)的She w

28、as right! It was upside-down! 她說得對(duì)!是掛倒了! Everything in the room was turned upside down. 室內(nèi)的一切都被搞得亂七八糟。 He turned the table upside down. 他把桌子弄翻了。The children turned the house upside down. 孩子們把屋里弄得亂七八糟。三、重點(diǎn)句型 1.but where the reef ended, there was a sharp drop to the sandy ocean floor.在本句中where 引導(dǎo)的是狀語從

29、句。A cinema is a building where film is shown. 電影院是放電影的館所。You shall put it up where we all can see it. 你該把它掛在我們大家都能見到的地方。Well pick up where we finished yesterday. 我們從昨天停止的地方繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。2. It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James.用了半個(gè)多小時(shí)的時(shí)間才把船劃回到詹姆斯身邊。這是一個(gè)It takes (sb.) some time/sth. to do st

30、h. 的固定句式，take 意為“花費(fèi)、需要”，take 前也可用具體名詞作主語。It takes him three hours to do his homework everyday.他每天要用三個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間做作業(yè)。It takes (sb.) some time/sth. to do sth. 的固定句式，take 意為“花費(fèi)、需要”，take 前也可用具體名詞作主語。It takes him three hours to do his homework everyday.他每天要用三個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間做作業(yè)。It takes quite a bit of time to get from L

31、ondon to Glasgow. 從倫敦到格拉斯哥要花很多時(shí)間. 四、疑難辨析as, when和while1) as 強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 從句表示"隨時(shí)間推移"連詞能用as，不用when 或while。As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天過去，天氣越變?cè)綁摹?#160;2) when 可表示瞬間、時(shí)間段，主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以先后發(fā)生。當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前，只能用when 引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句，不可用as 或 while。When you have finished your wor

32、k, you may have a rest.3) as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 4) while 用于同時(shí)進(jìn)行的兩個(gè)延續(xù)性動(dòng)作相伴發(fā)生，常對(duì)同類動(dòng)作進(jìn)行對(duì)比。1_  you have finished your work, you may have a rest.2_ I stopped my car, a man came up to me.3_the day went on, the weather got worse. 4_ was w

33、alking down the    street ,I met an old friend .Keys: 1. When 2. When (As) 3. As 4. When (while)V-ing作動(dòng)名詞時(shí)具有名詞的特征,因而在句中用作主語、表語、賓語、定語,有時(shí)它可以有自己的邏輯主語,也可以有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)形式。 一、 V-ing形式的名詞特征V-ing形式否定形式為not doing，具有動(dòng)詞和名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中起名詞作用，可作主語、賓語、表語和定語。Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job. 主語Her job

34、 is teaching. 表語He is fond of playing football. 賓語developing countries  定語working people      定語二、 V-ing形式作主語 1 V-ing形式作主語表示抽象的經(jīng)常性的意義。 Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. 大聲朗讀對(duì)我們學(xué)習(xí)一門外語是很重要的。 Going to bed early and getting up early is cons

35、idered to be a good habit. 早睡早起被認(rèn)為是一種好習(xí)慣。V-ing形式在“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名詞 +doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語，it為形式主語。Its no good waiting here. Lets go home. 在這兒等沒好處，咱們回家吧。It is no use your complaining; the company wont do anything about it.抱怨是沒有用的，公司是不會(huì)管的。V-ing形式在“It is useless/

36、 nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile/worth等形容詞 + doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語。It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light. 用這種方法去測(cè)量光速是危險(xiǎn)的。It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again.很值得再向你的指導(dǎo)老師咨詢一下這個(gè)問題。V-ing形式在“There is(was) no + doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語。There is no joking about such matters.這種事開不

37、得玩笑。There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded.不容抵賴這個(gè)事實(shí)，中國(guó)自它成立以來已在各個(gè)方面都取得了飛速的發(fā)展。There is no littering about. 不許亂扔雜物。V-ing作賓語有些動(dòng)詞后面要求跟V-ing作賓語。常這樣用的動(dòng)詞有：admit 承認(rèn) ； excuse 原諒 ； postpone 拖延 ；anticipate 期望； fancy 想象   practice 練習(xí)；appre

38、ciate 欣賞； finish 完成； prevent 防止； avoid 避免；forbid 禁止； propose 建議； consider 考慮； forgive 寬?。?delay 耽擱； imagine 想象； resent 厭惡；deny 否認(rèn)； resist 抵制； keep 保留； risk 冒險(xiǎn)； dislike 討厭； mind 在意； miss 錯(cuò)過； suggest 建議； enjoy 喜歡； pardon 原諒；escape 逃避He managed to escape suffering from the disease.他設(shè)法避免患那種疾病。Prof. Smit

39、h considered giving his students a reading list before they started the next chapter.史密斯教授考慮在學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)下一章之前給他們一份讀書清單。When he came back home from his night shift, Jason tried to avoid wakening his family.當(dāng)杰遜下夜班回到家時(shí)，他盡力不弄醒他的家人。The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night.犯罪嫌疑人否認(rèn)他那晚開

40、過辦公室的電腦。 有些動(dòng)詞短語后也要求跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語。常這樣用的動(dòng)詞短語有：cant stand 忍不??； cant help 忍不?。?feel like 想欲；give up 放棄； put off 推遲After hearing the funny story, all of us couldn't help laughing ear to ear. 聽完了那個(gè)滑稽故事，我們?nèi)滩蛔〈笮α?。Do you feel like taking a walk?你要不要去散步？V-ing形式常跟在介詞或介詞短語后做賓語。常這樣用的介詞短語有：instead of, look forward

41、to, object to, keep on, see about, take to 等。I'm looking forward to your coming next time. 我期待著您下一次的到來。Thank you for offering me so much help.感謝你們給我提供了這么多的幫助。He is fond of watching sports-games.他喜歡觀看體育競(jìng)賽。在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + V-ing形式；be busy

42、(in) + V-ing形式；waste time (in) + V-ing形式；lost time (in) + V-ing形式；There is no point (in) + V-ing形式”等結(jié)構(gòu)中， V-ing形式做介詞賓語，in常要省去。The children are busy doing their homework.孩子們忙于做作業(yè)。There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again.再做一次這種簡(jiǎn)單的實(shí)驗(yàn)是毫無意義的。二、動(dòng)名詞可具有時(shí)態(tài)意義 動(dòng)名詞可以像動(dòng)詞那樣表現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)意義，有一般式（doing）

43、和完成式（having done）之分。動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)意義是一個(gè)相對(duì)的概念，從屬于句中謂語動(dòng)詞。一般式表示動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生，或表示一般性動(dòng)作，沒有時(shí)間概念；完成式表示動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。 The secretary was scolded for not having finished typing the report in time.那位秘書因沒有按時(shí)將報(bào)告打印出來而受責(zé)備。(動(dòng)名詞的完成時(shí)態(tài))I regret having said some rude words to my brother.我后悔對(duì)我弟弟說了些粗話。We have no

44、idea of their having done such kind of thing.我們不知道他們干過這種事情。三、動(dòng)名詞可具有語態(tài)意義 如果動(dòng)名詞與句中的邏輯主語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即邏輯主語是接受動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作，需用其被動(dòng)形式（being done，having been done）。其否定形式是：not being done,  not having been donePeople hate being praised for nothing .人們不喜歡無緣無故的贊揚(yáng)。The problem is far from being solved .這問題遠(yuǎn)沒得到解決。She did

45、n't mind being left alone at home .她不介意被一人留在家里。注意在want，need，require，deserve等動(dòng)詞之后作賓語時(shí)，常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。Your car needs filling. 你這車要充氣了。This city deserves visiting. 這座城市值得光顧一下。The problem requires studying carefully.這個(gè)問題需要認(rèn)真研究。The trees want watering.這些樹需要澆水了。在（be）worth后面只能用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)態(tài)來表示被動(dòng)意義。His sugge

46、stion is worth considering.The book is worth reading.在allow，advise，forbid，permit等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. Exercises1. The thief entered the room without _. A. noticing B. being noticed C. having noticed D. having been

47、noticed2. Besides _, she is kind and tender.A. beautiful B. being beautiful C. she beautiful D. is beautiful3. He apologized for _. A. his not being able to come B. his being not able to come C. his being able not to come D. him not being able to come 4. When he heard the big noise, Tom stopped _ an

48、d _ to the window to see what was happening. A. to read; went B. reading; to go C. reading; going D. reading; went 5. I am busy _ for the entrance examination, so I cant help _ housework at home. A. preparing; doing   B. preparing; to do      C. to prepare; do

49、ing   D. to prepare; to do6. _the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. You fail D. You to fail 7. _ the same mistake again made his parents very angry. A. His being made B. He has made C. He had making D. His making 8. I don't think it's much go

50、od _ to him. A. writing B. to write C. write D. written 9. Such books are not worthy _ at all. A. of being read B. being read C. reading D. to read 10. It is no use _ without through _. A. to read; understood   B. reading; understanding C. to read; understand   D. read; to unders

51、tand11. Sorry, we dont allow _ in the lecture room.A. to smoke            B. smoke C. smoking               D. to smoking12. They dont permit _ noise her.A. to make  B. m

52、ake   C. making    D. made13. The sentence wants _ once more.A. to explain           B. explaining   C. being explained  D. to be explained it14. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A. catching &#

53、160;           B. to be caught C. being caught         D. to catch 15. Ali said that she wouldntmind _ alone at home.A. left B. being left   C. to be left D. leaving16. She _ the key.A.

54、 admitted taking     B. admitted taking C. admitted having taken   D. admitted to have taken17. Did you enjoy yourself last night?     Its very nice of you. I appreciated _ to the party.A. to be invited       

55、B. to have invited    C. being invited        D. having been invited18. While were developing agriculture and industry, we must prevent the earth _. A. from polluting   B. polluted         

56、C. polluting       D. being pollutedKeys: BBADA BDAAB CCBCB CDD1 share (v)   (1) sth with sb 與某人分享某物 He would share his last pound with me. (2) sth between sb 共同承擔(dān) We share a small room between us. 我們倆合用一個(gè)房間.(3) share sth among sb 共享/均分 Please share the sweets

57、 among the children present here.                                             &#

58、160;                  Profits are shared (out) among the partners. 合伙人均分利潤(rùn)。(4)  (in) sth  We will share the joys and sorrows. (5) vi   There is only one room , so well have to share. （合用） &#

59、160; You must learn to share. (6) n 一份，股份 Let me take a share in the expenses . 這些費(fèi)用讓我也出一份。                 He owns 500 shares of the company. 他擁有那家公司的500 股股份。          &

60、#160;       share sbs joys and sorrows 和某人同甘共苦2 favorite (1) adj 最喜歡的 Who is your favorite writer? be favorite with 在中受歡迎 The singer is popular with young people.(2) n最喜歡的人或物The book is a favorite with students. Liu Xiang is a general favorite.。劉翔是最受大眾喜歡的人  favor 喜

61、歡，支持  in favor of 支持，贊成 favorable 贊成的，有利的，討人喜歡的 favoritism (n) 偏愛，得寵3 witness (1) v 當(dāng)場(chǎng)見到，目擊 I witnessed an accident on my way home yesterday. (2) v表明，說明 Her flushed（通紅） face witnessed the excitement she felt. (3) v作證 None could witness that he was present. (4) v 為作證 常與to 連用 He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room. 他作證說他看到那個(gè)人進(jìn)入房間。(5) n (C) “目擊者，證人”常與to連用The police found the witness to the murder case.He was a witness to the accident.(6) n (C,U) 證詞，證據(jù)，證明 His ragged clothes were (a) witness to his poverty. The old man gave witness on behalf of an accuse