中考英語連詞、復(fù)合句講解

1、并列連詞從屬連詞1. but：表轉(zhuǎn)折“但是，然而”(1) She is famous, but modest.(2) She is not my daughter, but my nephew.(3) It s true he is younbgu,t he is wise.注 : (1) but 不與 although 一起使用(4) not - but - “不是 -而是 ”(5) not only but ( also ) - “不但-而且”2. and：表順承He put on his coat and went out. It s getting warmaenrd warmer.注

2、 : (1) 祈使句 +and, 名詞短語+and- Word hard, and you will succeed.= If you work hard, you will succeed.- One more effort, and you will succeed.(2) both - and -, 不但-而且3. or：(1) 表選擇“或 ”- Which would you like, tea or coffee?(2) 表解釋“即 ”- This is a green house, or a hothouse.(3) 用于祈使句中，or 表示 “否則 ”- Hurry up, or

3、 we will be late.= If we don t hurry up, we will be late.(4) either -or:或者-或者4. so:(1) 所以：- He was ill, so he didn t attend the meeting.注：so和because 不能同時使用。(2) 也：(前句須是肯定句，后用倒裝)-He can drive a bus, so can I.5. for:表示“因為”，不能放在句首-It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now.6 .while:表示轉(zhuǎn)折，對

4、比- He is strong, while his brother is weak.7 .nor: 表示 “也不 ”（ 1） 前句須是否定，nor= neither- He didn t comneo, r did I.（2） neither - nor : 既不 也不 - （二 ）從屬連詞：1 .引導(dǎo)名詞性從句：（ 1）連接詞that, whether, if 在從句中只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分。that無詞義，引導(dǎo)主語從句時不可省略。whether = if 是否 “ ”- - That he came late made me angry.主語從句） （- - I think tha

5、t you ll have bright fut. u（r賓語從句 e）- - The trouble is that we can t collect en omuognhey.（ 表語從句）- - The news that he has won the first prize made us very happy.（ 同位語從句）（2） 連 接 代 詞 what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever, whosevera. 連接代詞具有代詞作用，在從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語- Who will take

6、 the first place is uncertain.- I am not sure which book he wants.b. whoever = anyone who “無論誰 ”，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)- Whoever breaks the law should be punished.c. whatever = anything that 無論什么 “ ”- You can take whatever you want.d. what 的習(xí)慣用法what one is 一個人的為人；what one has一個人的財富- - A man s worth lies not so muchn

7、iwhat he has as in what he is .一個人的價值與其說在于他的財富，不如說在于他的為人。what is more 而且； what is worse 更糟的是- - I lost my way in the forest, and what was worse, it began to rain.what is called = what you call 所謂- - He is what is called a walking dictionary.A is to B what C is to D: A 之于 B 猶如 C 之于 D- - Air is to us

8、what water is to fish.3）連接副詞: when, where, why, how連接副詞具有副詞用法，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，表示時間，地點(diǎn)，原因或方式程度。When the meeting will be held hasn t been decid. ed I don t knowwh ere he lives.That is why he succeeded.They are talking about how they can solve the problem.( 4)連接形容詞: which, whichever, what, whateverYou make ta

9、ke whichever seat you like.You may bring what photos you like.You may write on whatever subject you like.例題解析：1.1 t has been proven eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you againstserious illness in later life.DA. ifB. becauseC. whenD. that2. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesse

10、s abouthe will do or think. AA. whatB. whichC. whomD. that3. A story goes Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surroundedby clever and qualified noblemen at court. DA. when B. whereC. whatD. that4. in the regulation that you should not tell other people the password of yourE-mail acc

11、ount. CA. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires2. 引導(dǎo)副詞性從句:(1) 時間 :when, while , as, since, after, before, till / until, as soon as, no sooner- than, hardly - when, each time = every timeI was watching TV when the telephone rang.I have been like this since he left here.It

12、 was not long before he came back. I didn t getuunpti l 7 he woke me up.As soon as she got there, she called me up.No sooner had she got there than she called me up.(2)地點(diǎn): where, whereverI will miss you wherever you are.Make a mark where you have a question.(3)原因:because, as, since = now that = seei

13、ng thatBecause it was raining heavily, we had to stay at home.(4) 條件 : if, unless, as / so long as ( 只要 ), in case (萬一 ), provided that = providing that = supposing that = condition that 假設(shè)(), once (一旦)I will come here unless it rains.- You can borrow it so long as you return it on time.- Take the u

14、mbrella in case it rains.I will come provided that I am well enough.(5) 目的： so that = in order that +主 +情態(tài)動詞+dofor fear that +主 +should ( might ) +do 唯恐He works very hard so that he can go to a famous university.He set off early for fear that he should be late.(6) 讓步： though / although, adj. / n. /

15、adv. +as + 主謂， no matter what -= whatever -,ever if = even though 即使- Although it was raining, they went on working.Young as she is, she knows a lot.No matter what happens, don t change it.- Even if I were starving, I would not ask a favour of him.7）結(jié)果: so + adj. / adv. +that, such +n. + that, -, so

16、that - He is so clever that he can work out the problem.= He is such a clever boy that he can work -He spoke loud so that everyone heard him.8）比較: as as = no less - than, not so / as -as, the more, the more, no more than =neither nor, more than, less than- - He is as clever as I = He is no less clev

17、er than I.- - The more you read, the happier you will be.- - He is no taller than I.= Neither he nor I am tall.9）方式: as, as if = as though 似乎，好像- - Do in Rome as the Romans do.- - He talked as if he had been there.例題解析：1 .-Are you ready for Spain?-Yes, I want the girls to experience that they are yo

18、ung. AA. whileB. untilC. ifD. before2 .well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing. AA. HoweverB. WhateverC. No matter D. Although（ however well prepared you are = no matter how well prepared you are, 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句）3 .He transplanted the little tree to the garden it was the b

19、est time for it. BA. whereB. whenC. thatD. until4 .Lose one hour in the morning you will be looking for it the rest of the day. BA. butB. andC. or D. so 3.引導(dǎo)形容詞性從句(定語從句)在復(fù)合句 (包括主語和從句)中， 修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句，叫定語從句，它所修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞具有連詞和代詞的作用，在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語。關(guān)系副詞具有連詞和副詞的作用

20、，在定語從句中作狀語。( 1) 定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞a. who : 在從句中指人，作主語The girl who is dressed in red is my sister.b. whom: 在從句中指人，作賓語- I don t know the m(awnh om) you talked with.c. whose: 在從句中指人指物均可，作定語- The boy whose father is a worker studies hard.- The book whose cover is green belongs to Tom.= The book the

21、cover of which is green belongs-d. that: 在從句中指人指物均可，作主語，賓語，表語- - The man that will give us a talk is Smith.- - I lost the book ( that / which ) you gave to me.- - The city is no longer the one ( that ) it used to be.e. which:指物，作主語，賓語- The book which was written by Mr. Wang is popular with the young

22、 people.This is the factory ( that / which ) we visited last week.f. as: 指人指物均可，與the same, such, as連用，作主語、賓語、表語- - Such men as know him praise him.- - Such films as you describe can t be shown at all.- - He gave me as much money as I needed.g. but := that not,主句須有表否定的詞，作主語，賓語- There is no mother but

23、 loves her own children.= There is no mother that does not love her-.h. than: 前有比較級，作主語或賓語- Don t give children more monetyh an is needed.關(guān)系副詞a. when : 在從句中作時間狀語- I will never forget the day when ( on which ) I met my favourite pop star.b. where:在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語This is the place where ( in which ) I was bo

24、rn.c. why :在從句中作原因狀語- Can you tell me the reason why ( for which ) you agreed to marry him? 注意：a. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞，介詞的選用取決于搭配- This is the book for which I paid twenty dollars.- There was no person to whom I could turn for help in the street.b. 關(guān)系副詞 = 介詞+關(guān)系代詞，介詞的選用取決于先行詞。c. 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用，取決于先行詞在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

25、句子成分。This is the house where I was born.This is the house which I visited last year.2)限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句限定性定語從句去掉意思不清，無逗號與主句分開，作賓語時，關(guān)系代詞可省略。His son who works in Beijing has come back. ( 不止一個兒子)非限定性定語從句去掉意思完整，用逗號與主句分開不用that來引導(dǎo)， 關(guān)系代詞不可省略。Which 還可替代前面整個句子。- His son, who works in Beijing, has come back. （

26、 僅一個兒子）3）定語從句必須注意的問題： 用 that不用 which 的情況 :a. 當(dāng)先行詞前有形容詞最高級修飾時：- This is the most interesting film that I ve ever seen.b. 當(dāng)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時：- This is the last lesson that we have this term.c. 當(dāng)先行詞被very, both, the only, all, every, no, any, little, much, some修飾時：- I watched all the glasses that were on the

27、table fall off onto the floor.d. 當(dāng)先行詞為all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much 等不定代詞時：- Everything that should be done has been done.e. 當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時：-They talked about the things and persons that they could remember at school.f. 當(dāng)主句是以who 或 which 開頭的特殊疑問句時：- Who is the woman that is wearing a

28、red coat?g. 當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作表語時：- Tom is no longer the person that he used to be. 定語從句用which 不用 that 的情況：a. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面有插入語時：- Here is the new computer, which I introduced to you, can type according to your sound.b. 在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句用了that, 另一個宜用which:- Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the

29、 library which was newly opened to us.c. 非限定性定語從句用which, 不用 that 來引導(dǎo)：- He came late again, which made his girl friend very angry.d. 介詞后的關(guān)系代詞用which, 不用 that:- - This is the bike for which Mary paid 80 yuan. 定語從句用who 而不宜用that的情況：先行詞為one, ones, anyone或those 時：- - The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and wor