CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章 操作與配置Cisco IOS(共35張)

1、 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 4-1第六章操作與配置Cisco IOS 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-2本章目標(biāo)本章目標(biāo)通過本章的學(xué)習(xí)，您應(yīng)該掌握以下內(nèi)容通過本章的學(xué)習(xí)，您應(yīng)該掌握以下內(nèi)容: 完成路由器的初始參數(shù)配置完成路由器的初始參數(shù)配置 在網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備上進入并辨識不同的命令模式在網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備上進入并辨識不同的命令模式 在不同的用戶界面下應(yīng)用各種幫助和命令行編輯功在不同的用戶界面下應(yīng)用各種幫助和命令行編輯功能能 查看并確認(rèn)各網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備的基本信息查看并確認(rèn)各網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備的基本信息 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-3Ci

2、sco IOS 軟件提供多種網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)進而支持軟件提供多種網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)進而支持各種網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用各種網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用.Cisco 互連網(wǎng)操作系統(tǒng)互連網(wǎng)操作系統(tǒng)(IOS)軟件軟件 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-4硬件自檢硬件自檢定位并加載定位并加載Cisco IOS映象文件映象文件定位并運行配置文件定位并運行配置文件Cisco設(shè)備的簡單啟動過程設(shè)備的簡單啟動過程 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-5 提供命令行界面提供命令行界面 在不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備上運行時有差別在不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備上運行時有差別 在命令模式下可以鍵入或粘貼命令在命令模式下可以鍵入或粘貼命令

3、鍵入命令后回車，設(shè)備即解析和執(zhí)鍵入命令后回車，設(shè)備即解析和執(zhí)行所鍵入的命令行所鍵入的命令 兩個主要命令模式是用戶模式和特兩個主要命令模式是用戶模式和特權(quán)模式權(quán)模式 不同的命令模式有不同的提示符不同的命令模式有不同的提示符CiscoIOSCisco IOS用戶界面的基本特性用戶界面的基本特性 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-6特權(quán)特權(quán)(或或enabled)模式模式 對交換機和路由器更深入的操作對交換機和路由器更深入的操作 有配置和監(jiān)視權(quán)力有配置和監(jiān)視權(quán)力 是進入其它配置模式的前提是進入其它配置模式的前提 命令提示符為命令提示符為 主機名主機名#模式二模式二 (也是

4、最常用的模式也是最常用的模式):Cisco IOS的主要命令模式的主要命令模式(續(xù)續(xù)) 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-7 系統(tǒng)啟動例程會初始化路由器系統(tǒng)啟動例程會初始化路由器 如果需要，路由器可以有選擇性地回退啟動如果需要，路由器可以有選擇性地回退啟動Check hardwareFind and load Cisco IOSsoftware image Find and apply routerconfiguration information Load Bootstrap1.啟動前確認(rèn)正確連接線纜和控制線啟動前確認(rèn)正確連接線纜和控制線2.按下電源開關(guān)按下電源

5、開關(guān)3.觀察啟動順序觀察啟動順序 Cisco IOS輸出到控制臺上的內(nèi)容輸出到控制臺上的內(nèi)容Cisco路由器的初始啟動路由器的初始啟動 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-8沒有配置文件與有配置文件的路由器啟動對比沒有配置文件與有配置文件的路由器啟動對比- System Configuration Dialog -Continue with configuration dialog? yes/no:yes At any point you may enter a question mark ? for help.Use ctrl-c to abort configu

6、ration dialog at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets .Setup模式模式wg_ro_c con0 is now availablePress RETURN to get started.用戶模式用戶模式提示提示wg_ro_c路由器啟動時在控制臺上的輸出路由器啟動時在控制臺上的輸出內(nèi)容內(nèi)容控制臺控制臺 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-9Setup: 初始配置對話框初始配置對話框 Router#setup - System Configuration Dialog -Continue

7、 with configuration dialog? yes/no: yAt any point you may enter a question mark ? for help.Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets .Basic management setup configures only enough connectivityfor management of the system, extended setup will ask y

8、outo configure each interface on the systemWould you like to enter basic management setup? yes/no: n 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-10設(shè)置全局參數(shù)設(shè)置全局參數(shù)初始化全局參數(shù)初始化全局參數(shù)Configuring global parameters: Enter host name Router:wg_ro_c The enable secret is a password used to protect access to privileged EXEC and

9、 configuration modes. This password, after entered, becomes encrypted in the configuration. Enter enable secret: cisco The enable password is used when you do not specify an enable secret password, with some older software versions, and some boot images. Enter enable password: sanfran The virtual te

10、rminal password is used to protect access to the router over a network interface. Enter virtual terminal password: sanjose Configure SNMP Network Management? no: 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-11設(shè)置腳本的確認(rèn)與應(yīng)用設(shè)置腳本的確認(rèn)與應(yīng)用The following configuration command script was created:hostname Routerenable secret

11、5 $1$/CCk$4r7zDwDNeqkxFO.kJxC3G0enable password sanfranline vty 0 4password sanjoseno snmp-server!no appletalk routingno decnet routingip routingno clns routingno ipx routingno vines routingno xns routingno apollo routingisdn switch-type basic-5essinterface BRI0shutdownno ip address!interface Ethern

12、et0no shutdownip address 1 no mop enabled!interface Serial0shutdownno ip addressend0 Go to the IOS command prompt without saving this config.1 Return back to the setup without saving this config.2 Save this configuration to nvram and exit.Enter your selection 2: 1999, Cisco Syst

13、ems, Inc. ICND4-12Consolewg_ro_cwg_ro_cenablewg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#disablewg_ro_cwg_ro_clogoutwg_ro_c con0 is now availablePress RETURN to get started.用戶模式提示用戶模式提示特權(quán)模式提示特權(quán)模式提示登入路由器登入路由器 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-13 只要所輸命令串在全部命令中是唯一的，可以將一個命令盡只要所輸命令串在全部命令中是唯一的，可以將一個命令盡可能地簡寫，可能地簡寫，路由器在用戶模式下的命令清單路由器在用戶模

14、式下的命令清單wg_ro_c?Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry atmsig Execute Atm Signalling Commands cd Change current device clear Reset functions connect Open a terminal connection dir List files on given device disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an exist

15、ing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system lat Open a lat connection lock Lock the terminal login Log in as a particular user logout Exit from the EXEC- More - 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-14wg_ro_c#?Exec comma

16、nds: access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry access-profile Apply user-profile to interface access-template Create a temporary Access-List entry bfe For manual emergency modes setting cd Change current directory clear Reset functions clock Manage the system clock configure Enter configura

17、tion mode connect Open a terminal connection copy Copy from one file to another debug Debugging functions (see also undebug) delete Delete a file dir List files on a filesystem disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged command

18、s erase Erase a filesystem exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system- More -路由器在特權(quán)模式下的命令清單路由器在特權(quán)模式下的命令清單只要輸入部分命令串只要輸入部分命令串(唯一表示某個命令唯一表示某個命令)，緊接著按，緊接著按tab鍵鍵就可以完整地輸入一個命令就可以完整地輸入一個命令 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-15show version 命令命令wg_ro_a#show versionCisco Internetwork

19、Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeImage text-base: 0 x03050C84, data-base: 0 x00001000ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH:

20、 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin(output omitted)-More-Configuration register is 0 x2102 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-16查看配置情況查看配置情況控制臺控制臺IOSSetup uti

21、lityshowstartup-configshowrunning-config將配置參數(shù)保存到將配置參數(shù)保存到NVRAM中中ConfigConfigRAMNVRAM 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-17show running 和和 show startup 命令命令wg_ro_c#show startup-configUsing 1359 out of 32762 bytes!version 12.0!- More -wg_ro_c#show running-configBuilding configuration.Current configuration

22、:!version 12.0!- More -保存在保存在NVRAM中中保存在保存在RAM中中顯示當(dāng)前運行的和保存的配置情況顯示當(dāng)前運行的和保存的配置情況 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-18路由器模式一覽路由器模式一覽Router(config)#RouterenableRouter#config termExitCtrl-Z (end)用戶模式用戶模式特權(quán)模式特權(quán)模式全局配置模式全局配置模式配置模式配置模式模式提示模式提示InterfaceRouter(config-if)#SubinterfaceRouter(config-subif)#Controlle

23、r Router(config-controller)#LineRouter(config-line)#RouterRouter(config-router)#IPX router Router(config-ipx-router)# 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-19保存配置保存配置wg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#copy running-config startup-configDestination filename startup-config?Building configurationwg_ro_c#將當(dāng)前運行的配置復(fù)制到將當(dāng)前運行的配置復(fù)制到NV

24、RAM中中 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-20配置路由器的各種標(biāo)識配置路由器的各種標(biāo)識為路由器或其端口設(shè)置標(biāo)識或信息為路由器或其端口設(shè)置標(biāo)識或信息路由器名路由器名Router(config)#hostname wg_ro_cwg_ro_c(config)#開機時的固定顯示信息開機時的固定顯示信息wg_ro_c(config)#banner motd # Accounting Department You have entered a secured system. Authorized access only! # 1999, Cisco Systems, I

25、nc. ICND4-21配置路由器的各種標(biāo)識配置路由器的各種標(biāo)識為路由器或其端口設(shè)置標(biāo)識或信息為路由器或其端口設(shè)置標(biāo)識或信息路由器名路由器名Router(config)#hostname wg_ro_cwg_ro_c(config)#開機時的固定顯示信息開機時的固定顯示信息wg_ro_c(config)#banner motd # Accounting Department You have entered a secured system. Authorized access only! #端口描述端口描述wg_ro_c(config)#interface ethernet 0wg_ro_c

26、(config-if)#description Engineering LAN, Bldg. 18 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-22Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#password cisco控制臺密碼控制臺密碼虛擬終端密碼虛擬終端密碼Router(config)#line vty 0 4Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password sanjose路由器密碼配置路由器密碼配置 19

27、99, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-23Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#password cisco控制臺密碼控制臺密碼虛擬終端密碼虛擬終端密碼Router(config)#line vty 0 4Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password sanjose特權(quán)模式明文密碼特權(quán)模式明文密碼Router(config)#enable password cisco特權(quán)模式加密密碼特權(quán)模式加密密碼R

28、outer(config)#enable secret sanfran路由器密碼配置路由器密碼配置 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-24其它控制臺命令其它控制臺命令Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0 Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#logging synchronous 禁止控制臺會話自動退出禁止控制臺會話自動退出 重顯被打亂的控制臺輸入重顯被打亂的控制臺輸入 1999, Cisco Systems,

29、Inc. ICND4-25Router(config)#interface type numberRouter(config-if)#端口配置端口配置 type 包括包括 serial, ethernet, token ring, fddi, hssi, loopback, dialer, null, async, atm, bri, and tunnel number 用來識別具體的單個端口用來識別具體的單個端口Router(config-if)#exit 從當(dāng)前端口配置模式退出從當(dāng)前端口配置模式退出Router(config)#interface type slot/portRouter(

30、config-if)# 模塊化端口的表示法模塊化端口的表示法 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-26配置串口配置串口進入全局配置模式進入全局配置模式Router(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#Router#configure termRouter(config)#指定某個端口指定某個端口 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-27配置串口配置串口進入全局配置模式進入全局配置模式Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000Router(config-if)#

31、Router(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#Router#configure termRouter(config)#指定某個端口指定某個端口設(shè)置時鐘頻率設(shè)置時鐘頻率 (只在只在DCE端端) 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-28Router#show interface serial 0Serial0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is HD64570 Internet address is /24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64

32、Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Last input 00:00:09, output 00:00:04, output hang never Last clearing of show interface counters never Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted f

33、air Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec(output omitted) 確認(rèn)參數(shù)修改情況確認(rèn)參數(shù)修改情況 1999,

34、Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-29開啟或關(guān)閉端口開啟或關(guān)閉端口Router#configure termRouter(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Seria0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line Protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to up 開啟已經(jīng)關(guān)閉的端口開啟已經(jīng)關(guān)閉的端口Router#configure termRoute

35、r(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#shutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0, changed state to administratively down %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down 人工關(guān)閉端口人工關(guān)閉端口 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND4-30路由器的路由器的 show interfaces 命令命令Router#show int

36、erfacesEthernet0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is Lance, address is 00e0.1e5d.ae2f (bia 00e0.1e5d.ae2f) Internet address is 1/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeo

37、ut 04:00:00 Last input 00:00:07, output 00:00:08, output hang never Last clearing of show interface counters never Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 81833 packets

38、input, 27556491 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 42308 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 1 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 1 ignored, 0 abort 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 55794 packets output, 3929696 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 4 deferred 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier 0 output buffer failu