閱讀理解答題技巧及實(shí)例分析

1、閱讀理解答題技巧及實(shí)例分析                閱讀理解試題主要用來測試學(xué)生的閱讀速度、理解能力和記憶能力。有的采 用一個(gè)句子，有的采用一段文 章或整篇文章。內(nèi)容廣泛，題材各異。            以題目的難易程度分析，人們常常把它們分為表層理解和深層理解。所謂表 層理解就是對(duì)文中的客觀事實(shí) 的感知和記憶，深層理解是根據(jù)文中

2、的客觀事實(shí)， 在認(rèn)真思考后進(jìn)行邏輯推理、總結(jié)或概括，得出結(jié)論，或從 上下文、字里行間 悟出文中沒有直接表達(dá)出來的而可能存在的和必然的結(jié)果來。以題材或體裁論，大致有下述幾種：（1）記敘文（故事、人物小傳、新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)、史地知識(shí)介紹等）。（2）說明文（科普文章、說明書等）。（3）論說文（有關(guān)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)各方面的論述）。（4）應(yīng)用文（書信、廣告、通知等）。            做閱讀理解時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：       &

3、#160;    1.要判斷出所給文章的類別，根據(jù)各類文章的性質(zhì)，在開始閱讀后有意識(shí)地 著重去掌握和記住某些關(guān)鍵的 內(nèi)容和詞匯。這樣既抓住了要害，又節(jié)省了時(shí)間， 避免了在若干細(xì)節(jié)及無關(guān)全局的問題上糾纏，初中階段，碰 到的主要是記敘文。 如果是故事或傳記，就應(yīng)特別注意找出主要人物、事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、主要 情節(jié)以及 最后結(jié)局。故事傳記主要是敘述主人公的主要特征，他與其他重要人 物之間的關(guān)系也應(yīng)同時(shí)記住。新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)、 史地知識(shí)介紹，往往是一人一事地介 紹，比故事、傳記要簡單，但也離不開記敘文的基本特點(diǎn)，對(duì)于上述要求 它們 同樣適用。而新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)特別強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間性、準(zhǔn)確性，因

4、此要搞清時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和數(shù)字。            2.解題時(shí)不要邊看問題邊從文中查找答案，因?yàn)橛眠@種方法難以提高閱讀理 解的效果，尤其是對(duì)于深層理 解的文章。應(yīng)瀏覽全文，了解全文的概貌。看完 后，應(yīng)記住文章的要點(diǎn)，重要的結(jié)論以及一些關(guān)鍵性的人名、 地點(diǎn)、定義和數(shù) 字（不同的人名、地點(diǎn)可用鉛筆在試卷上分別打上不同的記號(hào)，以便查找）。            3.要注意找出主題句，利

5、用主題句來查找有關(guān)信息。一般說來，論述性較強(qiáng) 的文章或說明文，每一段或相 關(guān)的幾段里總有一句話是主題句。讀了主題句后， 便能知道這一段大致的中心內(nèi)容，因?yàn)橹黝}句概括了全段的 主要內(nèi)容，而該段 其余的句子則是用來闡述或說明主題句的。            4.一定要掌握好解題速度，有效地控制考試時(shí)間，先易后難是考試時(shí)答題的 一般方法。碰到難題時(shí)，千萬 不要鉆牛角尖，耽誤太多時(shí)間。一時(shí)做不出的題， 要果斷舍棄，以免影響解別的較有把握的題。待全部題解完 后，如有剩余時(shí)間 再回來做放棄的題。&

6、#160;           5.對(duì)于一般不影響句子或全文理解的生詞，可以放過去，不必務(wù)求理解。遇 到重要生詞時(shí)，不要著急，也 不要輕易放棄，我們可以采取根據(jù)上下文來猜詞 或根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法來猜詞等方法來猜出這個(gè)詞的大致意思。            6.有的學(xué)生要用"順讀法"，就是先讀短文后讀題目，然后再讀短文尋找正 確答案。有的學(xué)生采用"倒讀 法"，

7、就是先讀題目（四個(gè)選項(xiàng)不讀）后讀短文， 最后尋找答案。我比較贊成"倒讀法"，因?yàn)檫@種閱讀方法 是帶著問題閱讀， 目的明確，容易集中，能及時(shí)抓住文中與解題關(guān)系密切的信息，從而節(jié)省了閱讀 時(shí)間。“倒 讀法"對(duì)表層理解的題目（提問時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等）效果最好，對(duì) 深層理解的題目，要從短文的整體內(nèi)容出 發(fā)，進(jìn)行概括和總結(jié)，分析所提供選 項(xiàng)，作出準(zhǔn)確的判斷。            總之，解答這類題的中心步驟就是閱讀，既要閱讀短文，又要閱讀題目。閱 讀時(shí)要注意閱讀技巧

8、，提高閱 讀效率。在做到以上幾點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，就可以對(duì)文 章后面所給的問題，分別用"一次判斷"、"逐個(gè)分析"以及 "排除法"等方 式來進(jìn)行判斷解答了。實(shí)例分析：一、單句理解方面We arrived too late to get good seats. A.When we arrived,the good seats were already taken. B.We were late,but we found some good seats. C.We got good seats some time after we arrived.

9、 D.We had to stand for the whole show.google_protectAndRun("render_ads.js:google_render_ad", google_handleError, google_render_ad); 分析與答案：所給句子的意思是“我們到達(dá)太晚了而沒能坐上好位子”。而 這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的句意分別是：A. 當(dāng)我們到達(dá)時(shí)，好位子已被別人占了；B.我們?nèi)?晚了，但是我們找到一些好位子；C.我們到達(dá)后的一段時(shí)間才 坐上好位子；D. 整個(gè)演出時(shí)間我們不得不站著。由此可見，選項(xiàng)A更接近所給句子的意思，因而 選項(xiàng)A是正確答 案或最佳

10、答案。二、語篇理解方面1.試用"倒讀法"解下面各題：（1 ）The great ship, "Titanic "set off from Englandto_. A.Australia B.the USA C.Arabia D.Europe（2）People then thought it was safe to be on the shipbecause_. A.it had 16 compartments B.it had more lifeboats than other ships C.it could not sink even if 4 co

11、mpartments wore broken D.both A and C（3）The ship was hit_. A.when it started to cross the sea B.when a very large iceberg was suddenly seen ahead C.soon after it turned quickly on time D.soon after it had crossed the sea （4）About 1,500 people were dead because_. A.the ship was the largest and finest

12、 B.4 of those compartments were broken C.hundreds of people jumped out into the water D.there were not enough lifeboats（5）Which is the best title（標(biāo)題）for the passage （短文）？ A.How Does the "Titanic"Go Down? B.How Was the Great Ship Sinking? C.The Sinking of the "Titanic" D.The Sinki

13、ng of a Ship分析與答案：利用倒讀的方法，我們可以從（1）到（4）中迅速了解到the ship "Titanic"從英國航行到 某地去，為什么那么多人喪生等。在閱讀短文時(shí)， 很快就能抓住有關(guān)信息，輕而易舉地找出正確答案（分別是 B、D、C、D）。短文 如下：The great ship, "Titanic" （泰坦尼克號(hào)）, set off forAmerica in April 1912 on its firsttrip.It was carrying morethan 2,000 people.The "Titanic"

14、was the largest and finest ship at that time.People thought it was safe to be on the ship because it had16 compartments（密 封艙）with it. Even if（即使是）4 of thosewere b roken,it would still be able to stay on the sea.Four days later,when the "Titanic" was crossing the sea,the man on watch sudden

15、ly saw a v ery large iceberg ahead. Thegreat ship turned quickly on time,but before long there was asound from below.The captain went down to see what was thematter.To his surprise,he found the sh ip was sinking fastbecause 5 compartments had been broken! Hundreds of peoplejumped out i nto the water

16、.As there were not enough lifeboats,about 1,500 lives were lost.（5）是問短文的最好標(biāo)題的，屬于深層理解， 當(dāng)你讀了短文就會(huì)明白最好 的標(biāo)題不是A（Titanic是如何 下去的），也不是B （這艘大船是如何正在下沉 的），也不是D（一只船的下沉），而是C （"Titanic"號(hào)沉 船事件）。2.利用"順讀法"，解下列各題：James Watt（詹姆斯·瓦特）and the Kettle（水壺）James Watt was an English boy.He liked to ask

17、 questionsand was always thinking hard.One day he was sitting in the kitchen（廚房）with hisgrandmother.There he saw a kettle on the stove（爐子）。Soon steam began to rise out of the kettle, and the lidwas shaking. "Grandma,what's in the kettle?"he asked."Water,my child.Nothing but water.

18、""But I know there is something else.It pushes the lid up.""Oh,that's only steam.""How does the steam get under the lid?""It comes from the hot water."The boy said to himself."The steam must be very strong. Itcan push things.If there is more w at

19、er,the steam will be muchstronger." Many years later James Watt tried hard and succeeded inmaking steam work for people. He gave the world its firststeam engine（發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)）.Find the word from this story according to the phrases.1）a thing for boiling water:k_2）a thing in which fire burning for warming

20、or cooking:s_3）movable（可移動(dòng)的）cover for opening:I_4）gain（收獲）what one is trying to do:s_5）use force on something to make it move away:p_.According to the story,choose the correct answer:1）James Watt was from_. A.America B.Australia C.England D.Germany2）There was_an the stove. A.a basin B.a kettle C.a jar D.a pan3）Grandma told little Watt why the lid of the kettle wasup and down.It was because_ _. A.the stream pushed it B.the boy moved it C.the lid moved itself D.some