中考英語(yǔ)翻譯練習(xí)及講解

1、小試身手1.書(shū)籍將會(huì)僅僅在電腦上，而不在紙上。Books_only_on computer, not_paper.v2.我們要把人送上太空的夢(mèng)想終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了。Our dream of sending man into_finally _ _.willbeonspacecame true漢譯英1.這消息使他非常失望。這消息使他非常失望。2.她靠寫(xiě)作謀生。她靠寫(xiě)作謀生。3.他將在醫(yī)院躲過(guò)一段痛苦的時(shí)光他將在醫(yī)院躲過(guò)一段痛苦的時(shí)光4.這個(gè)男孩不能回答這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題。這個(gè)男孩不能回答這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題。5.我想我將周游世界。我想我將周游世界。答案答案1.The news makes her very dis

2、appointed.2.He makes a living by writing.3.He wii spend a difficult time in hospital.4.This boy isnt able to answer this easy question.5.I think Ill travel all over the world.v英語(yǔ)的遣詞造句英語(yǔ)的遣詞造句,篇章結(jié)構(gòu)以及語(yǔ)體形式均離篇章結(jié)構(gòu)以及語(yǔ)體形式均離不開(kāi)語(yǔ)境不開(kāi)語(yǔ)境,因而正確翻譯的基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)在于準(zhǔn)確地因而正確翻譯的基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)在于準(zhǔn)確地把握語(yǔ)境。從這一觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)把握語(yǔ)境。從這一觀點(diǎn)出發(fā),得出語(yǔ)域理論是得出語(yǔ)域理論是有關(guān)語(yǔ)境的理論

3、中最具效力的。在翻譯中有關(guān)語(yǔ)境的理論中最具效力的。在翻譯中,要要注意單詞在不同的語(yǔ)境中所具有的不同意義注意單詞在不同的語(yǔ)境中所具有的不同意義,翻譯表達(dá)應(yīng)再現(xiàn)原文情景翻譯表達(dá)應(yīng)再現(xiàn)原文情景,要注重不同的語(yǔ)篇要注重不同的語(yǔ)篇具有不同的功能。具有不同的功能。v翻譯一般來(lái)說(shuō)是指語(yǔ)際之間的信息傳遞和語(yǔ)族之間的翻譯一般來(lái)說(shuō)是指語(yǔ)際之間的信息傳遞和語(yǔ)族之間的文化交流。它不僅涉及兩種相關(guān)的語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)文化交流。它不僅涉及兩種相關(guān)的語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng),而且包而且包括涉及大量語(yǔ)言體系以外的制約因素括涉及大量語(yǔ)言體系以外的制約因素,如翻譯活動(dòng)中如翻譯活動(dòng)中的心理和思維過(guò)程的心理和思維過(guò)程,以及不同語(yǔ)言所負(fù)載的哲學(xué)、美以及不同語(yǔ)言

4、所負(fù)載的哲學(xué)、美學(xué)、修辭學(xué)和文化傳統(tǒng)等等。在翻譯活動(dòng)中學(xué)、修辭學(xué)和文化傳統(tǒng)等等。在翻譯活動(dòng)中,譯者面譯者面臨著對(duì)原語(yǔ)文本進(jìn)行最大限度的理解。臨著對(duì)原語(yǔ)文本進(jìn)行最大限度的理解。v在歷屆中考中，翻譯往往占據(jù)這重要地位，在歷屆中考中，翻譯往往占據(jù)這重要地位，分?jǐn)?shù)一般在分?jǐn)?shù)一般在10分左右。分左右。v所以熟練的掌握翻譯技巧對(duì)同學(xué)們來(lái)說(shuō)非常所以熟練的掌握翻譯技巧對(duì)同學(xué)們來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要。重要。定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯v定語(yǔ)從句是由一些關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句組成，用來(lái)修飾名詞中心詞。定語(yǔ)的翻譯要特別定語(yǔ)的翻譯要特別注意位子上的變化注意位子上的變化，即：如，即：如果是單詞修飾名詞就放在中心詞的前面，

5、這和果是單詞修飾名詞就放在中心詞的前面，這和漢語(yǔ)的詞序是一樣的；如果定語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，定語(yǔ)就漢語(yǔ)的詞序是一樣的；如果定語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，定語(yǔ)就要放在中心詞的后面，這時(shí)就要注意斷句，重要放在中心詞的后面，這時(shí)就要注意斷句，重復(fù)先行詞。復(fù)先行詞。 例如例如vI have the same problem as you concerning the learning of English 。在學(xué)英語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題上，我和你有同樣的問(wèn)題。在學(xué)英語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題上，我和你有同樣的問(wèn)題。在過(guò)去的幾百年中，已經(jīng)有記載說(shuō)，確實(shí)有被動(dòng)物養(yǎng)大的與在過(guò)去的幾百年中，已經(jīng)有記載說(shuō)，確實(shí)有被動(dòng)物養(yǎng)大的與世隔絕的狼孩的存在。世隔絕的狼孩的存在。For s

6、everal hundred years, cases have been reported of children who have been reared in thewild by animals kept isolated from all social contact.隨堂練習(xí)隨堂練習(xí)vHe is the very person (whom) Im looking for.vThis is the flexible policy that our government has pursued consistently.vI still remember the time when w

7、e studied in the same university.va. Misers are often lonely and obscure men whose wealth is revealed only after their death.v具體翻譯來(lái)說(shuō)，定語(yǔ)從句具體翻譯來(lái)說(shuō)，定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯可分為限制性和非的翻譯可分為限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句兩種，翻限制性定語(yǔ)從句兩種，翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)不論是在語(yǔ)序譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)不論是在語(yǔ)序方面還是重復(fù)先行詞方面方面還是重復(fù)先行詞方面都有一定的講究：都有一定的講究：前置前置v這種定語(yǔ)從句一般比較短，翻譯起來(lái)比較方這種定語(yǔ)從句一般比較短，翻譯起來(lái)比較方便，和漢語(yǔ)

8、的詞序完全一樣，。便，和漢語(yǔ)的詞序完全一樣，。Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing.我們兩國(guó)是友誼長(zhǎng)存的友好鄰邦。我們兩國(guó)是友誼長(zhǎng)存的友好鄰邦。隨堂練習(xí)隨堂練習(xí)vTeachers generally like the students who achieve high scores in tests .vHe is not the one who will give up easily.vThis is the finest weather that I have ever seen this

9、month. 后置后置v以上的這些例子告訴我們，如果定語(yǔ)很短的以上的這些例子告訴我們，如果定語(yǔ)很短的話，我們可以把他象漢語(yǔ)一樣放在中心詞的話，我們可以把他象漢語(yǔ)一樣放在中心詞的前面。但是，有的時(shí)候，如果定語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，讀前面。但是，有的時(shí)候，如果定語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，讀起來(lái)就不符和漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣，因此，往往要后起來(lái)就不符和漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣，因此，往往要后置，重復(fù)先行詞置，重復(fù)先行詞, ,這就是下面要提到的定語(yǔ)這就是下面要提到的定語(yǔ)從句的從句的 “ “后置后置“問(wèn)題問(wèn)題 。A table has four legs, one of which is broken .桌子有四條腿，其中的一條腿是壞的。桌子有四條腿，其中的一條

10、腿是壞的。 綜合性翻譯綜合性翻譯v綜合性綜合性”的翻譯就是，翻譯時(shí)不需要關(guān)系詞，其中的翻譯就是，翻譯時(shí)不需要關(guān)系詞，其中的關(guān)系完全靠上下文的意思來(lái)表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的關(guān)系完全靠上下文的意思來(lái)表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。中考一般考文段翻譯中考一般考文段翻譯v In ten years, I think Ill be a reporter. Ill live in Shanghai, because I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it. I think its really a beautiful city. As a reporter, I think

11、 I will meet lots of interesting people. I think Ill live an apartment with my best friends, because I dont like living alone.v因?yàn)槿ツ晡胰チ松虾２⑶覑?ài)上了那里。v作為一名記者，我想我會(huì)結(jié)識(shí)很多有趣的人。v我想我會(huì)和我最要好的朋友住在一所公寓里，因?yàn)槲也幌矚g獨(dú)自生活。注意注意v“as”引導(dǎo)的句子：引導(dǎo)的句子：除了以上這些例子以外，還有一些特殊的由除了以上這些例子以外，還有一些特殊的由 “as”引導(dǎo)的句子引導(dǎo)的句子, 翻譯時(shí)可參考翻譯時(shí)可參考“as”的比的比 較較結(jié)構(gòu)從句

12、。結(jié)構(gòu)從句。vHe is not such as fool as he looks.他并不象看上去的那么傻他并不象看上去的那么傻 課后作業(yè)課后作業(yè)vYou should take advantage of the opportunity to learn English well, which is very valuable. vWe examine the quality of our products, which is why they are so reliable .vHe arrived at the railway station in time , which is expe

13、cted 漢譯英漢譯英1.這個(gè)周末我們將去遠(yuǎn)足旅行。這個(gè)周末我們將去遠(yuǎn)足旅行。2.他們已經(jīng)失敗了多次，但是總有一天他們會(huì)他們已經(jīng)失敗了多次，但是總有一天他們會(huì)成功。成功。3.你十年后的生活會(huì)怎樣？你十年后的生活會(huì)怎樣？4.我甚至可能會(huì)獨(dú)自居住在那房子里。我甚至可能會(huì)獨(dú)自居住在那房子里。5.我一看到那個(gè)我一看到那個(gè)MP3就喜歡上了它。就喜歡上了它。v1. We will go hiking this weekend.v2.they have failed many times, but one day theyll be successful.v3.What will your life lik

14、e in ten years?v4.I might even live alone in the house.v5.I fell in love with the MP3 as soon as I saw it.vAbout 200 million years ago the earths surface was very different from the one we know today.All of the landmasses were grouped together into one vast supercontinent called Pangaca. The rest of

15、 the globe was now covered by a single greater ocean known as Panthalassa. But, if you lookdown at our planet from outer space now, most of what you see is water; 71% of the planetssurface is covered by oceans and its because of this that thee earth is sometimes called”the waterplanet”. vOften we co

16、mplain when we have to accompany or watch over our parents. But do we realize that our parents accompany us and watch over us for as long as we or they live? Since the day we were born to our adulthood, and even when death comes to greet us, they are always at our side. Now its our turn to spare our

17、 short time for a great and meaning life ahead of our lives. vI never heard her play again in my life. I no longer went downstairs to listen like before. Only thick leaves were left behind. But I will always remember the fine figure of the girl. She is like a dream；so short, so bright, like a shooting star giving off so much light that it makes the autumn beautiful. There are many kinds of friends. Some are always with you, but dont understand you. Some say o