非謂語動(dòng)詞ppt講課講稿

1、4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011非謂語動(dòng)詞ppt4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011非謂語動(dòng)詞特征：非謂語動(dòng)詞特征：1）無人稱和數(shù)的變化。）無人稱和數(shù)的變化。2）不失去原意，可以加上自己的賓語或狀語，構(gòu)）不失去原意，可以加上自己的賓語或狀語，構(gòu)成非謂語動(dòng)詞短語。成非謂語動(dòng)詞短語。3）否定式不用借助于助動(dòng)詞在謂語動(dòng)詞前加）否定式不用借助于助動(dòng)詞在謂語動(dòng)詞前加not 另外還有一些非動(dòng)詞的特征，相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞等，另外還有一些非動(dòng)詞的特征，相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞等，在句子里可以作這些詞類所能用作的句子成分在句子

2、里可以作這些詞類所能用作的句子成分非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語動(dòng)詞。不受主語的人稱非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語動(dòng)詞。不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制和數(shù)的限制。4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011He likes to sing. They like to sing.The man walking in front was carrying a book.The men walking in front were carrying books.4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011非謂語動(dòng)詞主賓表定狀賓補(bǔ)To d

3、odoingDoingdone4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 to do doing doing(分詞分詞) to be done being done being done to have done having done having done to have been done having been done having been doneto be doing to have been doing 過去分詞只過去分詞只有有 一種形式一種形式donedone既既可以表被動(dòng)也可可以表被動(dòng)也可以完成以完成4251 10011 0010 1

4、010 1101 0001 0100 10111 to do 1 to do 短語作主語短語作主語 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 動(dòng)詞不定式短語作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，真正的主語不定式置于句后，例如上面兩句可用如下形式： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. 常用句式常用句式有：1、It+be+名詞+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be

5、+形容詞+of sb +to do。4、It+be+形容詞+for sb.+to do。常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的形容詞，不定式前的sb.可作其邏輯主語。4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011例如例如To do 作主語作主語 To talk with her is a great pleasure. To learn from others is very important.It is a great pl

6、easure to talk with her.It is very important to learn from others. 2.作 表語Her wish is to become a famous singer.Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 10113.作賓語作賓語He wishes to go abroad to have a further study.We have decided to give them a hand.I want to watc

7、h TV.常與不定式做賓語連用的動(dòng)詞有：常與不定式做賓語連用的動(dòng)詞有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 I was the first woman I was the first woman to travel to travel alone at the North pole.alone at the North pole. Shang hai is

8、 the first city in the Shang hai is the first city in the world world to have built a highspeed to have built a highspeed maglev train.maglev train.4.作定語作定語4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 10115 To do 作狀語 表目的：表目的： He worked day and night to get the He worked day and night to get the money.money.

9、She sold her hair to buy the watch She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.chain. 注意不定式放句首時(shí)，邏輯主語與句子主注意不定式放句首時(shí)，邏輯主語與句子主語要一致：語要一致： wrongwrong：To save money, every means has To save money, every means has been tried.been tried. rightright：To save money, he has tried To save money, he has tried every m

10、eans. every means. 4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011表結(jié)果：表結(jié)果： He arrived late to find the train gone.He arrived late to find the train gone. 常用常用onlyonly放在不定式前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)：放在不定式前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)： I visited him only to find him out.I visited him only to find him out. A few years later he came home to find his A fe

11、w years later he came home to find his home town changed.home town changed. I hurried to the post office, only to find I hurried to the post office, only to find it was closed.it was closed.表原因：表原因： They were very sad to hear the news.They were very sad to hear the news.表程度：表程度：Its too dark for us t

12、o see Its too dark for us to see anything.anything. The question is simple for him to The question is simple for him to answer.answer.4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 10116. 作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ)在復(fù)合賓語中，動(dòng)詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語，在復(fù)合賓語中，動(dòng)詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語，如如 I want you to wash the car. 下動(dòng)詞常跟這種復(fù)合賓語：下動(dòng)詞常跟這種復(fù)合賓語：want, wish, ask, tel

13、l, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.Her wonderful career inspires many people to believe success is within reach for everyone.What the teacher said encouraged us to try our best at our work4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011有些動(dòng)詞

14、如有些動(dòng)詞如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有等與不帶有to的不定的不定式連用，但改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式連用，但改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式要加式要加to, 如：如： I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road.4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 （二）動(dòng)名詞：（二）動(dòng)名詞： 動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能。法功能。 1 1動(dòng)名詞的形式動(dòng)名詞的形式： （1 1）一般式：）一般

15、式：SeeingSeeing is believing. is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。眼見為實(shí)。（2 2）被動(dòng)式：）被動(dòng)式： He came to the party without He came to the party without being invitedbeing invited他未被邀請(qǐng)就來到了晚會(huì)。他未被邀請(qǐng)就來到了晚會(huì)。（3 3）完成式：）完成式： We rememberedWe remembered having having seen the film. seen the film. 我們記我們記得看過這部電影。得看過這部電影。（4 4）完成被動(dòng)式：）完成被動(dòng)

16、式： He forgot He forgot having beenhaving been taken to Guangzhou taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.when he was five years old. 他忘記五歲時(shí)曾被帶到廣州去過。他忘記五歲時(shí)曾被帶到廣州去過。4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011（5 5）否定式：）否定式：not + not + 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 I regret not following his I regret not following his advi

17、ce. advice. 我后悔沒聽他的勸告。我后悔沒聽他的勸告。（6 6）復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：物主代詞（或名詞所有格）復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：物主代詞（或名詞所有格）+ + 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 He suggested our trying it once He suggested our trying it once again. again. 他建議我們?cè)僭囈淮巍Ｋㄗh我們?cè)僭囈淮巍?His not knowing English His not knowing English troubled him a lot.troubled him a lot. 他不懂英語給他帶來許多麻煩。他不懂英語給他帶來許多麻煩。4251

18、 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 10112動(dòng)名詞的句法功能 （1 1）作主語：）作主語： Reading aloudReading aloud is very helpful. is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的。朗讀是很有好處的。 Collecting stampsCollecting stamps is is interesting. interesting. 集郵很有趣。集郵很有趣。 當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語作主語時(shí)常用當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語作主語時(shí)常用itit作形作形式主語式主語Its no use quarrelling.Its no use quarrel

19、ling.爭吵是沒用爭吵是沒用的的. . Working in a companyWorking in a company is my wishis my wish. . hosing what to eathosing what to eat is no longer is no longer as easy as it once was.as easy as it once was.4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 （2）作表語： 1 1 In the ant city, the queens job is In the ant city,

20、the queens job is laying eggs.laying eggs. 在螞蟻王國，蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。在螞蟻王國，蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。2 A good way of saying “I am full ”is moving the hand in circles over the stomach after a meal.3 My job is teaching you English.4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 （3 3）作賓語：）作賓語： They havent finished building They havent f

21、inished building the dam. the dam. 他們還沒有建好大壩。他們還沒有建好大壩。 We have to prevent the air from We have to prevent the air from being polluted.being polluted. 我們必須阻止空氣被污染。我們必須阻止空氣被污染。 注意動(dòng)名詞既可作動(dòng)詞賓語也可作注意動(dòng)名詞既可作動(dòng)詞賓語也可作介詞賓語，如上面兩個(gè)例句。此外，動(dòng)介詞賓語，如上面兩個(gè)例句。此外，動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)，若跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則名詞作賓語時(shí)，若跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則常用形式賓語常用形式賓語itit，例如：，例如： W

22、e found it no good making fun We found it no good making fun of others. of others. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)取笑他人不好。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)取笑他人不好。4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 I prefer I prefer watching TV and playing watching TV and playing computer puter games. 要記住如下動(dòng)詞及短語只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語：要記住如下動(dòng)詞及短語只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語： enjoy, finish, suggest, avo

23、idenjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, , excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admitconsider, admit（承認(rèn)），（承認(rèn)），denydeny（否認(rèn)）（否認(rèn)）, , mind, permit, forbid, practise, riskmind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒（冒險(xiǎn)）險(xiǎn)）, appreciate, appreciate（感激）（感激）, be busy, be

24、, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant worth, feel like, cant stand, cant helphelp（情不自禁地）（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, , think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from),keep from, be fond of, prevent(from),keep from, stopstop（fromfrom）,protectfrom, set about, ,protectfrom, set about, be engag

25、ed in, spend(in), succeed in, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel likepay attention to, insist on, feel like4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 （4）作定語： He cant walk without a walk

26、ing-stick. 他沒有拐杖不能走路。 Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你們學(xué)校有游泳池嗎？Eating habits become part of who we are.They want to go to the reading room this afternoon.4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011三三. .分詞的用法分詞的用法 ( (現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞/ /過去分詞過去分詞) ) 現(xiàn)在分詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有形現(xiàn)在分詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能。容詞和副詞

27、的句法功能。 In the In the followingfollowing years he worked even years he worked even harder. harder. 過去分詞只有一種形式：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞由動(dòng)詞原形過去分詞只有一種形式：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾加詞尾-ed-ed構(gòu)成。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞沒有構(gòu)成。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則要求，要一一記住。統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則要求，要一一記住。 Our class went on an Our class went on an organized organized trip last trip last Monday. M

28、onday. 上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。行。4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011三三.分詞的用法分詞的用法 (現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞過去分詞)1.作表語 (具有形容詞的特征）This book is very interesting .This play is very moving and instructive.The cups are broken. / He is married.比較：比較：The spirit is inspiring the people all over the count

29、ry.His report is inspiring.4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 10112. 作定語作定語Oprahwinfrey is a black woman, who rises to fame with an inspiring story. It is a seven-day festival celebrating the culture and history of African American.s there was another car coming in the other direction.We also make

30、choices based on how the products are grown or made.Perhaps the best example of universally understood body language is the smile. 4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 10113.作狀語作狀語Lying on the ice ,I would soon die.(時(shí)間時(shí)間)I struggled to my knees, knowing that some how I had to put my tent up for shelt

31、er.(伴隨伴隨)His parents died ,leaving him a orphan.(結(jié)果結(jié)果)Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning , I decided to do an experiment. (分詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)作時(shí)間狀語分詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)作時(shí)間狀語).Heated ,ice begins to melt.Inspired by the spirit of the hero ,they worked even harder.4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 10

32、11Pressing ones palms together and resting ones head on the back of ones hand while closing the eyes as if sleeping. means “I am tired,”When asked the question, I gave a clear and exact answer.If invited, I will go to the party together with you.如果強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞短語所表示的動(dòng)作如果強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞短語所表示的動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)和主句動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同

33、時(shí)發(fā)生。分詞短語前用生。分詞短語前用when、while。4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 10114.作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ)Other nutrients help keep our body functioning well.With the work done , we went out to play.We found the students reading outside.We found our hometown completely changed. 非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式:“not+ to do/doing/done”構(gòu)成構(gòu)成Not

34、knowing what to do ,he turned to the teacher for help. She started early so as not to be late.4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別1.語態(tài)上不同語態(tài)上不同 an exciting story /an excited person a moving film /a moved audience a leading cadre /an unknown hero a tiring journey /a tired f

35、ootball player分詞在句中作表語、定語、分詞在句中作表語、定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)狀語、賓補(bǔ)。4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 10112.時(shí)間關(guān)系上不同時(shí)間關(guān)系上不同developing countries/developed countriesthe changing world /the changed worldboiling water /boiled waterthe falling leaves /the fallen leaves4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011注意：注意：.to do 和

36、和 doing 作主語和表語用作主語和表語用法相同。表示法相同。表示泛指泛指意義的行為時(shí)多意義的行為時(shí)多用動(dòng)名詞（也可用用動(dòng)名詞（也可用to do）但表示但表示具體的行為具體的行為（特別是將來的（特別是將來的行為）時(shí)，必須用行為）時(shí)，必須用to do。 主語和表語都是非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主語和表語都是非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，兩者在形式上應(yīng)該一致。兩者在形式上應(yīng)該一致。Seeing is believing 。/To see is to believe。His hobby is collecting stamps。Her wish is to become a singer。4251 10011 0010 10

37、10 1101 0001 0100 10112. 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 作賓語時(shí)作賓語時(shí),在意義上比較在意義上比較一般和抽象一般和抽象,時(shí)時(shí) 間觀念不強(qiáng)間觀念不強(qiáng),不指某一次動(dòng)作。動(dòng)詞不定式作不指某一次動(dòng)作。動(dòng)詞不定式作 賓語常表示賓語常表示某個(gè)具體動(dòng)作。某個(gè)具體動(dòng)作。He likes swimming, but he doesnt like to swim today.只能跟只能跟 to do的動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞want、wish、hope、expect、decide、agree、manage、promise、pretend4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011只能

38、跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞只能跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞enjoy、finish、mind、miss、avoid、risk、suggest、escape、practise、insist on、give up二者皆可無區(qū)別二者皆可無區(qū)別begin、start、like、hate、prefer、continue、intend二者皆可但有區(qū)別二者皆可但有區(qū)別stop、remember、forget 、try、regret、mean4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Exercise Those _ the children from abroad will come to the headmasters office? A. teaching B. teach C. who t