初中賓語(yǔ)從句講義 (2)

1、-初中賓語(yǔ)從句：第一講導(dǎo)入：（在及物動(dòng)詞的后面可以接一個(gè)名詞來(lái)充當(dāng)I kown the man.賓語(yǔ)）（而這時(shí)也可以用一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)I know that the man is a policeman賓語(yǔ)）The man is a policeman.1.基本概念賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作的承受者從句：主從復(fù)合句是由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的。主句是復(fù)合句的主體，從句僅僅是主句的一個(gè)成分，它從屬于主句， 不能獨(dú)立。 從句在全句中充當(dāng)什么成分， 就叫什么從句。賓語(yǔ)從句：是主從復(fù)合句的一種。賓語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中的從句在全句中作賓語(yǔ)2.考試題型：賓語(yǔ)從句是中考的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，其主要的考試形式出現(xiàn)在“選擇填空和短文

2、改錯(cuò)”中。3.引導(dǎo)詞：(1) 由從屬連詞 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 : e.g. I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.注： that 在句中無(wú)詞義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)句子成分，在口語(yǔ)中往往被省略。(2) 由疑問(wèn)代詞 who,whom,whose,which,what和疑問(wèn)副詞 where, when,why,how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句:e.g.1)Do you know whose book it is ?（誰(shuí)的，作定語(yǔ)）2)Could you tell me why the train is late?（為什么，作狀語(yǔ)）3)He asked who co

3、uld answer the question.（誰(shuí)，作主語(yǔ)）注： 這些連詞既有詞義又充當(dāng)句子成份。(3) 由從屬連詞 whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 :if/whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句表示“是否”之義，在句中不充當(dāng)句子成份。e.g. I want to know if/whether she is right .They didn t know whether Tom could come back or not .I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.

4、If 與 whether的區(qū)別（ 1）與 or not 連用只能用 whether（ 2）介詞后只能用 whether（3）與 to do不定式連用只能用whetherEg:He wondered _ to stay here the next week.（4）當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句提到句首時(shí)，只能用whether引導(dǎo)Eg:_ he will comeis not decided.-三、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序無(wú)論主句是陳述句還是疑問(wèn)句，賓語(yǔ)從句都是運(yùn)用陳述句的語(yǔ)序，即是“主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后”的順序。I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell

5、 me how I can get to the zoo?Please tell me when we ll have the meeting.四、賓語(yǔ)從句種的時(shí)態(tài)變化I hear (that) Jim was( be ) a worker two years ago.Jimis( be ) an English teacher now .Jimwill cook ( cook ) dinner tomorrow .Jimis singing( sing )a popular song now.Jimhas been( be ) to the Great Wall twice .Jimwas

6、playing( play ) basketball when his father came back.Jimhad learned( learn )1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester.He said what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He said that he would go back to theU.S.A. soon.He asked if you had written to Peter.He told me (th

7、at)summer is after Spring .I was told (that)the sun is much bigger than the moon.My parents told me (that)no news is good news.1.當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不作限制，我們可以根據(jù)句子的需要使用任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。（需要性原則）2.當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候，賓語(yǔ)從句必須運(yùn)用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的某一種時(shí)態(tài)，從而達(dá)到主句和從句的相互一致。（呼應(yīng)性原則）3.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明的是客觀(guān)存在的事實(shí)或者是客觀(guān)存在的真理時(shí)， 就不用受到主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。（特殊性原則）一、三類(lèi)

8、詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句：從屬連詞that疑問(wèn)詞： 8個(gè)“ W”,1個(gè)“ H”從屬連詞whether/if二、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序三、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)I don't know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he1. comes, I'll tell youA. if; WhetherB. whether; WhetherC. if; ThatD. if; IfI don't know _ the day after2. tomorrow.-A. when does he comeB. how will he comeC. if he comesD. whethe

9、r he'll come3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is?-A. whatB. howC. whetherD. where4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help?A. how did he mendB. what did he mendC. how heD. what he mendedmended5. I want to know_.A. whom is she looking afterB. whom she is lookingC. whom is she lo

10、okingD. whom she is looking after6. Do you know where _ now?A. he livesB. does he liveC. he livedD. did he live7. Do you know what time _?A. the trainB. does the trainC. will the trainD. theleaveleaveleavetrainleavesI don't know _. Can you tell me,8. please?A. how the two players are oldB. how o

11、ld are the two playersC. the two players are howD. how old the two players areold9. The small children don't know_.A. what is their stockings inB. what is in their stockingsC. where is their stockings in10. I can't understand _.-D. what in their stockingsA. what does Christmas meanC. what me

12、an Christmas doesB. what Christmas does meanD. what Christmas meansII. 按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改寫(xiě)句子）- Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China?2. "Does the girl need any help?” he asked me. （變?yōu)?復(fù)合句 ） He asked me _the girl _ some help3. Jim is n

13、ot a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并為一個(gè)句子）_ Jim _Tom is a student.4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改為含 賓語(yǔ)從句 的復(fù)合句 ）I want to know _ the train _.5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用改寫(xiě) )not untilThey _ go home _ they had finished their homework6. Did Peter come hereyesterday ? Li Lei wants to know. (改為含 賓