非謂語動(dòng)詞語法講解學(xué)生版

1、.非謂語動(dòng)詞語法講解一、非謂語動(dòng)詞的概念動(dòng)詞的基本用法是作謂語。當(dāng)句中已經(jīng)有了謂語動(dòng)詞了，要選或要填的動(dòng)詞就只能用非謂語形式了。非謂語形式有三種：1、動(dòng)詞不定式：to do 2、動(dòng)詞的ing : doing 3、動(dòng)詞的過去分詞：done二、三種形式的含義（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和將來；動(dòng)詞的ing ：表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行；過去分詞：表示被動(dòng)和完成。三、非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)一般式完成式進(jìn)行式不定式主動(dòng)to doto have doneto be doing被動(dòng)to be doneto have beendoneing 形主動(dòng)doinghaving done式被動(dòng)being donehaving

2、beendone過去分被動(dòng)done詞四、非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式在非謂語動(dòng)詞前加not, never.即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非謂語動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：for / of sb. to do sth.;.動(dòng)詞 ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：賓格或所有格+doing (-ing形式作主語時(shí)，用的所有格doing)六、非謂語動(dòng)詞的做題步驟1、判定是否用非謂語形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了謂語動(dòng)詞了2、找非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語。方法：非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語一般是句子的主語。3、判斷主被動(dòng)關(guān)系。方法：非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語的主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。4、判斷

3、時(shí)間關(guān)系。方法：分析句子，看看非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前、之后還是同時(shí)。之前常用 done;之后常用to do;同時(shí)常用doing.學(xué)習(xí)非謂語形式時(shí)，建議把三種形式一起來比較學(xué)習(xí)，會更加有效一些。七、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語和表語的比較1、不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語和表語a.不定式表示一次性的、具體的動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞 ing常表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walkb.不定式作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，即用句型：It

4、 is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to dosth.It s important for us to learn English well.It s kind of you to help us.注意：下面幾個(gè)句型是用動(dòng)名詞：It s no good / use doing sth.It s useless doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞作表語的比較1、不定式、動(dòng)名詞作表語，. 表示主語的內(nèi)容。如：;.My job is teaching / to teach English. (teachi

5、ng / to teach English是 my job 的內(nèi)容 )Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do.（主表語要用同一種形式）2、 分詞作表語記?。阂恍┍硎厩楦?、情緒的動(dòng)詞，常用分詞形式作表語。現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)特征，用過去分詞表示主語的狀態(tài)。常用動(dòng)詞：surprise (使某人吃驚 ) ， surprising (令人吃驚 ) ， surprised (主語 ) 感到吃驚）類似動(dòng)詞有：excite (激動(dòng) ) ， astonish (驚奇 ) ， shock ( 震驚 ) ， scare (驚恐 ) ，disappo

6、int (失望 ) ，move（感動(dòng)），如： The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news.3、 在 seem / appear (似乎，好像 ) ， prove/ turn out (被證明是 ) ， remain (仍然是，尚待) 等連系動(dòng)詞后，可用不定式作表語。如：He seemed (to be ) very happy.非謂語動(dòng)詞十大解題原則非謂語動(dòng)詞主要包括to do, -ing和 -ed 三種形式，可是其用法非常廣泛，它不僅是高考單項(xiàng)選擇題測試的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，而且也是完形填空、閱讀理解、短文改錯(cuò)的重要考查內(nèi)容。為了能更好地掌握非謂

7、語動(dòng)詞的用法，筆者在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中總結(jié)出十條實(shí)用的解題原則，并且還用相關(guān)的題目來解釋這些原則。根據(jù)這些原則，相信同學(xué)們可以輕松地應(yīng)對非謂語動(dòng)詞。原則一、兩個(gè)句子必須要用連詞連接，如果沒有連詞連接，則需要用非謂語動(dòng)詞例 1. _ many times, but he still couldnt understand it.A. Having been told B. Having toldC. He had been told D. Though he had been told例 2 _ many times, he still couldnt understand it.A. Having be

8、en told B. Having toldC. He had been told D. Though he had told原則二、不及物動(dòng)詞無-ed 形式非謂語動(dòng)詞，及物動(dòng)詞有賓語時(shí)用-ing 形式，無賓語時(shí)用-ed 形式例 3. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing;.例 4. _, I really believe that Id prefer not to

9、make any change now.A. Considered all the possibilitiesB. Taking all the possibilities into considerationC. Taken all the possibilities into considerationD. Giving all the possibilities原則三、 being done 表示 “正在被 ”，一般不作狀語，只作定語。非謂語動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)形式to have done或having done 強(qiáng)調(diào)該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語動(dòng)詞之前例 5. _ to reach them on t

10、he phone, we sent an email instead.A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed例 6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all.A. to have founded B. having foundedC. founding D. to found原則四、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語時(shí)，表示將來用-to do，表正在進(jìn)行用-ing，表示已經(jīng)完成用-ed例

11、7. The play_ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture A produced B being producedC to be produced D having been produced例 8.The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown down B. blown downC. blowing down D. to blow down原則五、介詞后跟-ing 形式，可以在-ing 前加邏輯主語例 9. The discover

12、y of new evidence led to _.A. the thief having been caught B. the thief to be caught;.C. catch the thief D. the thief being caught例 10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closed D. to

13、 open and close原則六、 -ing 形式或 to do 可作主語或賓語，-ed 形式則不可以例 11. _ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.A. Caught B. Having caught C. Being caught D. To catch例 12 _twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in thiscity.A. Examining B.

14、 ExaminedC. Being examined D. Having been examined原則七、 be+-ed+介詞結(jié)構(gòu)?？砂裝e 去掉保留 -ed+介詞做狀語例 13Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _with his old one.A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared例 14 _ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A. To face B. Having fa

15、ced C. Faced D. Facing原則八、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，其邏輯主語必須和句子主語保持一致，和句子主語構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)用-ing 形式，構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系是用-ed 形式。其邏輯主語和句子主語不一致時(shí)，要在非謂語動(dòng)詞前加邏輯主語，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)例 15 _ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten例 16._ in the fields on a March af

16、ternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked;.例 17. While watching television, _.A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings例 18. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons

17、_ for the day.A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished原則九、不定式做狀語一般有兩種：目的狀語和出乎意料的結(jié)果狀語（表示順其自然的結(jié)果用-ing 形式）。另外，某些形容詞（表喜、怒、哀、樂）做表語后跟不定式可以表示原因例 19 _, you need to give all you have and try your best.A. Being a winner B. To be a winnerC. Be a winner D. Having been a winner例 20. The news rep

18、orters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left.A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told例 21. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _ in the natural light during the day.A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let例 22.How glad I am _ you!A. seeing B. to see C. saw D. having seen原則十、非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定原則是在非謂語動(dòng)詞前加not，有 not to do, not doing, not having done, not tohave done 幾種形式例 23_that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.A. Not realized B. Not to realizeC. Not