第五講提高英語寫作的技巧

1、重點：學習些技巧來提高自己的寫作水平難點：掌握技巧并能夠應用到日常寫作中I this morning eat breakfast.Have you eat meal? Im a larger school student. Im very like play basketball. We should hard study. But I better like listen music. Live to old, study to old. I had breakfast this morning.Good morning/afternoon/evening!Im a college stud

2、ent.We must work/ study hard.Its never too old to learn.But I like listening to music better.I like playing basketball very much. 假定你是李華假定你是李華, , 你的英國朋友你的英國朋友PeterPeter來信詢問你來信詢問你的英語學習情況并希望你簡單介紹自己家鄉(xiāng)，請你根的英語學習情況并希望你簡單介紹自己家鄉(xiāng)，請你根據下列要點寫回信。據下列要點寫回信。要點要點: : 1. 1. 我學英語已經六年了，在老師和同學們的幫助下我學英語已經六年了，在老師和同學們的幫助下取得

3、了一些進步；取得了一些進步；2. 2. 但是總覺得英語難學，尤其是英語中的一些習慣但是總覺得英語難學，尤其是英語中的一些習慣用法用法；3. 3. 今后一定要努力學習這門有用的外語，爭取能用今后一定要努力學習這門有用的外語，爭取能用流利的英語和你寫信；流利的英語和你寫信；4. 4. 我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生很大的變化，蓋起了許多高樓，拓我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生很大的變化，蓋起了許多高樓，拓寬了道路，變得越來越漂亮和現(xiàn)代化；寬了道路，變得越來越漂亮和現(xiàn)代化；5. 5. 如果有時間可以到中國來，我會帶領你參觀我的如果有時間可以到中國來，我會帶領你參觀我的家鄉(xiāng)。家鄉(xiāng)。 注意：注意：1. 1. 詞數詞數100100左右；左右；

4、2. 2. 可適當增加細節(jié)可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；以使行文連貫；3. 3. 開頭語已為你寫好。開頭語已為你寫好。 June 8, 2008 Dear Peter, Im very glad to receive your letter. I will tell you something about my English study and hometown. .read and writefind it hard fluent English to write Great changes roads have taken place in my hometownbuildingswid

5、enedIt will be wonderful when you come to China if you are freeshow you aroundI will be glad to語言不地道語言不地道; ;中文式思維中文式思維; ;語言錯誤較多，得分語言錯誤較多，得分1313分分havehave影響書面表達得分的因素：影響書面表達得分的因素：“大錯誤大錯誤”包括時態(tài)錯誤、句子結構錯誤、中式包括時態(tài)錯誤、句子結構錯誤、中式英語等，如：英語等，如：1.My hometown had big change, build many houses, 語言表達出現(xiàn)語言表達出現(xiàn)“大錯誤大錯誤”及及

6、“小錯誤小錯誤” Great changes have taken place in my hometown there. For example, many new houses have been built and roads have been widened.2. I will welcome to you.“小錯誤小錯誤”主要是反應在個別單詞拼寫錯誤、主要是反應在個別單詞拼寫錯誤、冠詞介詞使用不準確等方面冠詞介詞使用不準確等方面,如：如： Under my teacher and classmates all help to me ,.Welcome to China.With t

7、he help of my teachers and classmates,沒有使用高級詞匯和復雜句沒有使用高級詞匯和復雜句1. I will visit my hometown with you.2. If you have time, I will take you to travel around my hometown.I will show you around my hometown if you are free.書寫是否工整清晰也會影書寫是否工整清晰也會影響答卷得分。卷面不整潔，響答卷得分。卷面不整潔，涂改多；大小寫涂改多；大小寫; ;標點符號標點符號; ;書寫不清，得分會很低

8、！書寫不清，得分會很低！Bad sample卷面不整潔卷面不整潔; ; 涂改較多涂改較多; ;語言錯誤多語言錯誤多; ;層層次不清次不清; ;得得1111分分字數不夠或未能傳達讀者任何信息，不得分。字數不夠或未能傳達讀者任何信息，不得分。 One possible version: June 8, 2008 Dear Peter, Im very glad to receive your letter. I will tell you something about my English study and hometown. It is six years since I began to

9、learn English. With the help of my teachers and classmates, I have made some progress in English. However I still find English hard to learn, such as some difficult idioms which made me confused. No matter how hard it is, I have made up my mind to master this useful language by my hard work. Not lon

10、g ago I returned to my hometown and found great changes had taken place there. Many new houses had been built and roads had been widened. My hometown is getting modern and more and more beautiful. I hope if you have a chance to come to China and I ll show you around my hometown when you are on leave

11、. Best wishes, Li Hua Five steps for writing (寫作五步驟）寫作五步驟） 1. Cross-question(審題審題) Main idea Style Verb tense Person2. Seize the major points /key words (抓要點抓要點)figure out the outline(提綱提綱)3. Sentences connection(連句成文連句成文)Words/phrases Sentences5. Error correcting ( 查錯改錯查錯改錯)4. Ensure the fluency (添

12、加過渡，確保添加過渡，確保連貫）連貫）Conjunctions/ conjunctive adverbspassagepassage詞匯反映你知識貯存量的詞匯反映你知識貯存量的多少，也是衡量英語水平多少，也是衡量英語水平的一個重要標志。的一個重要標志。 技技 巧巧1. 使用較高級的詞匯使用較高級的詞匯 技技 巧巧1. 使用較高級的詞匯使用較高級的詞匯2. 使用較豐富的句式使用較豐富的句式詞匯反映你知識貯存量的詞匯反映你知識貯存量的多少，也是衡量英語水平多少，也是衡量英語水平的一個重要標志。的一個重要標志。運用得當的句子結構可以運用得當的句子結構可以給文章增色不少，從而使給文章增色不少，從而使整

13、篇文章因此而生輝整篇文章因此而生輝 。 技技 巧巧1. 使用較高級的詞匯使用較高級的詞匯3. 使用恰當的連接詞使用恰當的連接詞詞匯反映你知識貯存量的詞匯反映你知識貯存量的多少，也是衡量英語水平多少，也是衡量英語水平的一個重要標志。的一個重要標志。運用得當的句子結構可以運用得當的句子結構可以給文章增色不少，從而使給文章增色不少，從而使整篇文章因此而生輝整篇文章因此而生輝 。使用恰當連接詞，對寫一使用恰當連接詞，對寫一篇有篇有“英語味英語味”的文章很的文章很重要，能使文章上下銜接重要，能使文章上下銜接自然、緊湊。自然、緊湊。2. 使用較豐富的句式使用較豐富的句式1. Because the wea

14、ther was good, our journey was comfortable.2.We all think he is a great man.3.Suddenly I thought out a good idea. Thanks to the good weather, our journey was comfortable.I. 怎樣使用較高級的詞匯怎樣使用較高級的詞匯We all think highly of him ./we regard him as a great man.A good idea occurred to me./ A good idea suddenly

15、 struck me.4.The students there neednt pay for their books.5. When he spoke, he felt more and more excited.The more he spoke, the more excited he felt.Books are free for the students there.There is no need for the students to pay for their books.II. II. 豐富的句式：豐富的句式：( (常用到的句型結構）常用到的句型結構） 利用不同的句型來表達同一

16、個意思，能增利用不同的句型來表達同一個意思，能增加文章的文采。加文章的文采。 1.1.感嘆句感嘆句 How happy I was when I received your letter! 2.2.強調句強調句 It was this young boy who helped the old granny. 3.3.倒裝句倒裝句 Only in this way can you solve this problem. 4.4.省略句省略句 They read while walking or riding on a bus. 5、with短語 I saw a young lady walkin

17、g slowly in the street with a handbag in her hand. 6、定語從句定語從句 Lets come to the main teaching building, at the back of which stands the school library. 7、各種名詞性從句各種名詞性從句 Thats what I should do. 8、各種狀語從句各種狀語從句 Time passed quickly before we knew it. 常用的常用的連接詞連接詞 1表示遞進表示遞進 2表示轉折表示轉折 3表示因果表示因果 4表示條件表示條件 5

18、表示時間表示時間 6表示特定的順序表示特定的順序 7換一種方法表述換一種方法表述 進行舉例說明進行舉例說明 8總而言之，總的來說總而言之，總的來說 9其他其他 III.常用的常用的連接詞連接詞1. 表示遞進表示遞進;在同一話題上補充內容在同一話題上補充內容 另外，還有另外，還有：whats more; whats worse;besides;moreover; in addition, furthermore ; also;as well2. 表示轉折關系表示轉折關系 但是，但是， 然而，然而， 相反相反：but; however; yet; instead; on the other han

19、d; on the contrary.3. 表示因果關系表示因果關系 因為，因此，所以因為，因此，所以: since; as; because (of ); so; thus; therefore; as a result; thanks to;owing to;resultIn;result from4. 表示條件關系表示條件關系如果，只要如果，只要: if ;on condition ( that ); as long as 除非除非: unless 否則否則: or else, otherwise 5. 表示時間關系表示時間關系 當當 的時候的時候 : when ; while;afte

20、r ; before until ;notuntil;as soon as later; afterwards;lately; recently;since from then on6. 表示特定的順序關系表示特定的順序關系 首先首先:firstly ;first of all 最主要的最主要的: above all 其次其次: secondly 然后然后: then; next 最后最后: finally; in the end 7.換一種方法表述或換一種方法表述或進行舉例說明進行舉例說明 換句話說換句話說: in other words; that is to sayfor instanc

21、e; for example; such as ; actually；and so on； believe it or not；to tell you the truth；as far as I m concerned8. 對一個話題進行總結對一個話題進行總結 總而言之，總的來說總而言之，總的來說: on the whole; in short; all in all; in general; in a word, finally, in conclusion, generally speaking, as you know9. 其他：其他： above all, after all, at

22、least, at most , undoubtedly, luckily; personally; Practice 請在下列句子中（間）填上恰當的關聯(lián)詞請在下列句子中（間）填上恰當的關聯(lián)詞或意思有聯(lián)系的短語?；蛞馑加新?lián)系的短語。1. Xiao Ming was walking in the street _ he heard someone cry for help.2. It was not long _ the police came .3._he heard the cry for help, he jumped into the water to save the girl.whe

23、nbeforeAs soon as 4. We can go downtown and do some shopping. _, we can pay a visit to some places of interest.5.I shared the cost of the gas with my friends ._, I saved $80.6. Eating sugar is bad for our teeth. _ , it may make us fat.In additionAs a resultWhats worse用所給的詞完成下面短文 finally, then, at fi

24、rst, after that I had a bad cold last week. _, I had a running nose, but I did not take it seriously. _I began to cough. _, I had a fever and felt weak. _, I was sent to hospital and had to lie in bed for three days.At firstThenAfter thatFinallySing the songs together（Pay attention to the songlines

25、in red) In younger days Ive told myself my life would be my own,and Ill leave this place where sunshine never shone ,for my life is too short for waiting when I see the rising sun and I know again that I must carry on.在年輕的日子里，我告訴自己 我將有屬于自己的生活 而且我要離開這陽光照不到的地方 我的生命沒有時間等待 當我看見升起的太陽那時它又一次告訴我必須堅持下去 堅持到明天

26、，那是沒有理由再回想 堅持到明天 在遠處云層的黑影前進到天空 讓它堅持到我找到彩虹的盡頭 我的生命沒有時間等待 當我看見升起的太陽那時它又一次告訴我必須堅持下去 WritingWriting A powerful earthquake hit Wenchuan in Sichuan Province on May 12，which killed so many people. Due tothe earthquake .A large quantity of factories and firms have suffered a big loss. At the same time, tens of thousands of houses have collapsed. When the earthquake happened, I was attending class. Suddenly I with my teacher and classmates felt continuous shaking. All the students in our class rushed downstairs at top speed.soon our school playground got cr