閱讀理解-詞義猜測ppt

1、英語閱讀理解專項訓(xùn)練詞義猜測詞義猜測 這類題型要求考生根據(jù)文章猜測詞語的詞義， 即要求對文章中個別關(guān)鍵詞做出解釋， 這就要求考生對通篇文章能夠有較透徹的理解，是高考英語閱讀理解中的一個難點，歷年來在此類題型中考生失分較多，所以還應(yīng)引起我們的充分重視。 猜測詞義通常分為兩大類： 一是大綱要求掌握的詞匯，但是熟詞新義，并不是很容易把握； 二是超綱詞匯，即要求考生根據(jù)文章猜測詞義。 三是根據(jù)上下文判斷代詞it, this, he 和they等的指代關(guān)系。 題干提問方式： 1. The underlined word/ phrase “” in Paragraph 2 most probably me

2、ans_. 2. By “” (Paragraph 2), the author means _. 3. The word “” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _. 4. “They” in Paragraph 1 most probably refers to _. 5. The word “that” in Line 3 stands for_. 6. In Line 8 the word “” could best be replaced by_.解題策略： 1）、釋義法。閱讀文章中某些生詞在上下文中得到解釋）、釋義法。閱讀文章中某些生詞

3、在上下文中得到解釋或說明。這些解釋以下定義、定語從句、標(biāo)點符號（逗號或說明。這些解釋以下定義、定語從句、標(biāo)點符號（逗號/破折號破折號/括號）、解釋詞（括號）、解釋詞（or/that is /that is to say/in other words）、表語形式出現(xiàn)）、表語形式出現(xiàn)2）、舉例法。在一些文章中，下文所舉的例子（如）、舉例法。在一些文章中，下文所舉的例子（如 for example/for instance/such as/like/namely）給考生猜測詞）給考生猜測詞義提供線索。義提供線索。3)、 構(gòu)詞法?？忌罁?jù)構(gòu)詞法方面的知識對生詞進(jìn)行猜測。構(gòu)詞法?？忌罁?jù)構(gòu)詞法方面的知識

4、對生詞進(jìn)行猜測。特別要掌握常見的特別要掌握常見的前綴前綴和和后綴后綴。前綴：前綴：super-（超）（超）;inter-（在（在之間）之間）,mini-（極（極少的少的/微型的）微型的）, micro-（極微小的）（極微小的） 后綴：后綴：-proof（防（防的，的，不能穿透的）不能穿透的）,-some（易（易于于的）的）,-less（不，無）（不，無）,-根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法：合成、派生（前綴、后根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法：合成、派生（前綴、后綴）、轉(zhuǎn)化等綴）、轉(zhuǎn)化等后綴，構(gòu)成可數(shù)名詞：后綴，構(gòu)成可數(shù)名詞：-er, -or, -ian, -ist, -ese, -ess后綴，構(gòu)成抽象名詞：后綴，構(gòu)成抽象名詞：-men

5、t, -tion, -ness, -sion, -ery, -ing否定前綴：否定前綴：dis-, in-, mis-, un-, non-其他前綴：其他前綴：re-重復(fù)重復(fù), co-共同、平等共同、平等, mini-微型微型, over-過度過度, super-超級超級, pre-前前, post-后后, vice-副的副的, en-使使, tele-遠(yuǎn)程遠(yuǎn)程形容詞后綴：形容詞后綴：-al, -ble, -er, -ful, -ish, -ive, -less, -y, -ous動詞后綴：動詞后綴：-en, -ize, -ify 例：例：weaken, realize, satisfy 4）

6、對比法。根據(jù)詞語之音的對等（）對比法。根據(jù)詞語之音的對等（and ,or ）或相反）或相反（but , however, on the other hand , though）關(guān)系猜測詞）關(guān)系猜測詞義。義。 5)上下文法。根據(jù)上下文找復(fù)現(xiàn)或同現(xiàn)信息。上下文法。根據(jù)上下文找復(fù)現(xiàn)或同現(xiàn)信息。 6）常識法?？忌蒙畛ＷR、英語語言常識、英語國）常識法?？忌蒙畛ＷR、英語語言常識、英語國家文化常識進(jìn)行猜測詞義。家文化常識進(jìn)行猜測詞義。詞義猜測訓(xùn)練詞義猜測訓(xùn)練1. The reasons for a visit to a lighthouse are not all so backward-loo

7、king in time. It is true that lighthouses were built in out-of-the-way places. But on a pleasant sunny summer day, this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people will love to experience. 68. The underlined phrase “out-of-the-way” in Paragraph 4 means _.A. far-away B. dangerous C. ancient

8、D. secret分析：選分析：選A。由合成詞。由合成詞out-of-the-way的原意以及的原意以及下句中的下句中的isolation一詞，可知燈塔在一個一詞，可知燈塔在一個“孤零零孤零零”的地方。的地方。2. Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when theyre being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments

9、 and see for themselves.” 70. The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means .A. value B. result C. performance D. connection分析：選分析：選B。運用。運用“構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法”進(jìn)行猜測。動詞詞組進(jìn)行猜測。動詞詞組come out 的意義為的意義為“露出、出現(xiàn)、顯露出露出、出現(xiàn)、顯露出”。再根據(jù)。再根據(jù)句子的語境，可猜測出其意義是：句子的語境，可猜測出其意義是：(實驗的實驗的)結(jié)果。結(jié)果。3. Fermats Last Theo

10、rem（定理）, first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to b

11、e able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. 65. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?A. To encourage people to raise questions.B. To cause difficulty in understanding.C. To provide a person with an explanation.D. To limit peoples imagination

12、.答案與解析：答案與解析： 選選B。由句中不難看出。由句中不難看出Fermat的定理使得最具的定理使得最具數(shù)學(xué)頭腦的科學(xué)家絞盡腦汁（數(shù)學(xué)頭腦的科學(xué)家絞盡腦汁（beat），并且在句中），并且在句中beaten和和baffled處于同等的并列關(guān)系，根據(jù)這一信息可以推出處于同等的并列關(guān)系，根據(jù)這一信息可以推出baffle表示表示“使困惑、難倒、難以理解使困惑、難倒、難以理解”的意思。的意思。4. A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle ; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anacl

13、erio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. 74.What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean? A. A party designed by specialists. B. A plan requiring careful thought. C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble. D. A demand made by guests.答案與解析：答案為答案與解析：答案為C。根據(jù)前句的否定。根據(jù)前句的否定doesnt與后

14、句與后句的肯定的肯定can be這一對比關(guān)系，可以判斷出，為了慶祝孩這一對比關(guān)系，可以判斷出，為了慶祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻煩，可以買一個生日開心包。子的生日，又不至于麻煩，可以買一個生日開心包。Hassle的意思應(yīng)該與的意思應(yīng)該與fun相反，而與相反，而與difficulty, trouble相相近。近。5. The plants are about one meter apart. The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high. Pruning is important because

15、 it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. It is from these shoots that the best tea is got. 68In the first paragraph ,the word “pruning” means .Aregular cutting of the plantsBfrequent watering Cregular use of chemicalsDgrowing the plants high in the mountain答案與解析：選答案與解析：選A。由此段中的。由

16、此段中的 The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high.Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. 便可猜出便可猜出Pruning的詞義為的詞義為“剪枝修剪剪枝修剪”。6. “No crime whatsoever?” comments Mahoney today. “ I just dont buy it.” Nor should he: in 1999

17、the U.S. Department of education had reports of nearly 400,000 serious crimes on or around our campuses. 58. The underlined word “buy” in the third paragraph means _ A. mind B. admit C. believe D. expect答案與解析：選C。熟詞生義熟詞生義。buy原意為“買，購買”，在此處根據(jù)語境可知意為“相信”。從本段第一句話可知，Mahoney持懷疑態(tài)度。后面列舉的。400,000這個數(shù)字也表示出他的不相信。

18、7. “Organic produce is always better, ” Gold said. “The food is free of pesticides (農(nóng)藥), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally (本地)grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty.” Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into t

19、he organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. 62. What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text? A. Growing interest in organic food. B. Better quality of organic food. C. Rising market for org

20、anic food. D. Higher prices of organic food.答案與解析：由答案與解析：由Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying something可以推斷出，越來越多的顧客可以推斷出，越來越多的顧客像像Gold一樣開始購買有機(jī)食物，其實也就是對這類食物一樣開始購買有機(jī)食物，其實也就是對這類食物產(chǎn)生了越來越濃厚的興趣。答案為產(chǎn)生了越來越濃厚的興趣。答案為A。8. However obvious these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually

21、 not so obvious as they seem except when we take special pains to think about the subject. 71. In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” probably means “_”. A. try very hard B. take our time C. are very unhappy D. feel especially painful答案與解析：選答案與解析：選A。由。由However從句當(dāng)中的從句當(dāng)中的at first glance（乍一眼看上去），與下文中的（乍一

22、眼看上去），與下文中的take special pains進(jìn)行進(jìn)行對比，既然不是一眼就看出那么簡單，那么自然要費對比，既然不是一眼就看出那么簡單，那么自然要費力去想了。由此可以推斷出力去想了。由此可以推斷出A項為最佳選項。項為最佳選項。9. “I was on the way to a personal-injury accident in West Nashville. As I got onto Highway 40, blue lights and sirens(警笛) going, I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off quickly down the highway. The driver somehow panicked at the sight of me. He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and began passing cars on the shoulder.” 63. The meaning of “panicked” in Paragraph 2 is related to _ . A. shame B. hate C. anger D. f