正文內(nèi)文獻(xiàn)引用的APA格式要求

1、附件4：正文內(nèi)文獻(xiàn)引用的APA格式要求（1）一件作品或多件作品的引用：l It has been argued that teachers role is to provide the students with optimal conditions which can facilitate learning so that students can achieve similar successful results (Bloom, 1976, pp. 12-16).l Gagne (1977, pp. 38-41) also noticed that adult learners were

2、 less affected by external instruction events.l The advantage of the multiple regression analysis is that it cannot show the complex interrelations between independent variables (Bryman & Crammer, 1990, pp. 135-139).l Studies of the good language learner (for example, Naiman, Frohlich, Stern, an

3、d Todesco, 1978, pp. 49-52) have tried to identify the strategies which successful learners use (first citation) (Ellis, 1994, p. 37).l Naiman et al. (1978, pp. 49-52) found a similar relationship, although in this case effort on the part of the learners was also associated with instrumental motivat

4、ion (subsequent citation) (Ellis, 1994, p. 512).（2）同一括號(hào)里多件作品的引用：l Empirical studies on student learning carried out since the 70s have found that students learning outcomes to a great extent depend on their choice of learning approaches (Biggs, 1979, 1987).l The major finding from the earlier studie

5、s (Barley, 1969, 1970; Clement et al., 1978; Gardner & Lambert, 1972; Gliksman, 1976; Spolsky, 1969) was that learners with an integrative motivation tended to obtain better achievement that those with an instrumental motivation.（注意引用作品的排序）（請(qǐng)認(rèn)真對(duì)照附件6）附件5：正文內(nèi)文獻(xiàn)引用的MLA格式要求（1）一件作品或多件作品的引用：l It has be

6、en argued that teachers role is to provide the students with optimal conditions which can facilitate learning so that students can achieve similar successful results (Bloom 12-6).l Gagne (38-41) also noticed that adult learners were less affected by external instruction events.l The advantage of the

7、 multiple regression analysis is that it cannot show the complex interrelations between independent variables (Bryman and Crammer 135-9).l Studies of the good language learner (for example, Naiman et al. 49-52) have tried to identify the strategies which successful learners use (Ellis 37).l Naiman e

8、t al. (49-52) found a similar relationship, although in this case effort on the part of the learners was also associated with instrumental motivation (Ellis 512).（注意：MLA格式不加年代，只加作者姓和頁(yè)碼，沒(méi)有逗號(hào)）（2）同一括號(hào)里多件作品的引用：l Empirical studies on student learning carried out since the 70s have found that students lea

9、rning outcomes to a great extent depend on their choice of learning approaches (Biggs, Empirical Studies; Learning Strategies).（注意：這里的下劃線表示作者的兩篇不同作品，我們現(xiàn)在統(tǒng)一用斜體代替下劃線）l The major finding from the earlier studies (Barley; Clement et al.; Gardner & Lambert; Gliksman; Spolsky) was that learners with a

10、n integrative motivation tended to obtain better achievement that those with an instrumental motivation.（注意引用作品的排序）l In The Age of Voltaire, the Durants portray eighteenth century England as a minor force in the world of music and art (214-48).（注意：文內(nèi)已出現(xiàn)作者名，括號(hào)里就只要加頁(yè)碼）（請(qǐng)認(rèn)真對(duì)照附件7）附件：參考文獻(xiàn)APA格式要求l 按先英文后中文

11、排序；l 字號(hào)比正文小一號(hào)打??；標(biāo)點(diǎn)統(tǒng)一用半角狀態(tài)；標(biāo)點(diǎn)后統(tǒng)一空一格（漢語(yǔ)文獻(xiàn)與英語(yǔ)文獻(xiàn)類同，見(jiàn)下面示例）；l 書(shū)目格式按APA格式排列，但英文書(shū)名用斜體析出，不必用下劃線析出?，F(xiàn)將主要參文獻(xiàn)條目排列要求舉例如下，以供參考：專著、論文集、學(xué)位論文、研究報(bào)告：作者. （出版年）.文獻(xiàn)題名(pp. 起止頁(yè)碼). 出版地: 出版者.如：Dancygier, B. (1998). Conditionals and prediction: Time, knowledge, and causation in conditional constructions (pp. 56-89). Cambridge:

12、 Cambridge University Press.Fauconnier, G., & Sweetser, E. (1996). Spaces, worlds, and grammar. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Iwanska, L. (1996). Toward a formal account of context-dependency and underspecificity of natural language. Paper given at AAAI Symposium on Computational Implicat

13、ure. Berkeley: Berkeley Linguistics Society.Roulet, E. et al. (Eds.). (1985).Larticulation du discours en francais contemporain. Berne: Peter Lang.Sweetser, E. (1996). Mental space and the grammar of conditional construction. In G. Fauconnier & E. Sweetser (Eds.). Space, worlds, and grammar (pp.

14、 318-333). Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press.Welker, K. (1994). Plans in the common ground: Toward a generative account of implicature. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University.期刊文章：作者. (出版年). 文獻(xiàn)題名. 期刊名稱, 期, 起止頁(yè)碼. 如：徐盛桓. (2004a). 充分條件的語(yǔ)用嬗變. 外國(guó)語(yǔ), 38 (3), 11-19.徐盛桓. (20

15、04b). 邏輯與實(shí)據(jù)英語(yǔ)IF條件句研究的一種理論框架. 現(xiàn)代外語(yǔ), 28 (4), 331-339.報(bào)紙文章：文獻(xiàn)作者. (出版日期). 文獻(xiàn)題名. 報(bào)紙名. 版次. 如：謝希德. (1998). 創(chuàng)造學(xué)習(xí)的新思路. 人民日?qǐng)?bào). 25 Dec. pp. 10.（漢語(yǔ)參考書(shū)目可使用12-25, pp. 10）網(wǎng)上文獻(xiàn)：作者. (發(fā)表日期).文件名. 出版信息（如電子期刊名、或出版名稱）. 登陸查看日期. 網(wǎng)址.McCracken, E. (1997). Desiderata. Bold type On-line. 7 May, 1997. Available: Seaman, D. (Ed.)

16、. (n. d.). The electronic text center. Alderman Lib., U of Virginia On-line. 14 Feb. 1997. Available: /（n. d.表示no date，即時(shí)間不清）Coates, S. (1996). A dead language comes to life on the internet On-line. New York Times on the Web. 20. Apr. 1997. Available: e/web/docsroot/libra

17、ry/cyber/week/1028Latin.htmlPascal, B. (1910). Pensees. Trans. W. F. Trotter. On-line. 29 Apr. 1997. Available: gopher:/: 10010/02/130/1Cacicedo, Al. (n. d.). Private parts: Preliminary notes for an essay on gender identity in Shakespeare. Working paper. On-line. 27 Aug. 1997. Available

18、: http:/www.arts.ubc.ca/english/iemls/shak/private_parts.txt（這里發(fā)表時(shí)間無(wú)，可省略）5. 編著、譯著、文學(xué)作品、字典及其他辭海. (1999). 上海: 上海辭書(shū)出版社.多利莫爾. (2001). 莎士比亞：文化唯物主義與新歷史主義. 王逢振. 2000年新譯西方文論選 (pp. 237-238). 桂林: 漓江出版社.莎士比亞. (1989). 莎士比亞全集. 朱生豪譯. 北京: 人民文學(xué)出版社. 芝諾科西多夫斯基. (1992). 新約的傳說(shuō). 張會(huì)森譯. 哈爾濱: 黑龍江人民出版社.附件7：參考文獻(xiàn)MLA格式要求l 按先英文后

19、中文排序；l 字號(hào)比正文小一號(hào)打?。粯?biāo)點(diǎn)統(tǒng)一用半角狀態(tài)；標(biāo)點(diǎn)后統(tǒng)一空一格（漢語(yǔ)文獻(xiàn)與英語(yǔ)文獻(xiàn)類同，見(jiàn)下面示例）；l 書(shū)目格式按MLA格式排列，但英文書(shū)名用斜體析出，不必用下劃線析出?，F(xiàn)將主要參文獻(xiàn)條目排列要求舉例如下，以供參考：專著、論文集、學(xué)位論文、研究報(bào)告：作者. 文獻(xiàn)題名. 出版地: 出版者, 出版年, 起止頁(yè)碼（如文內(nèi)已列明，則?。?如：Dancygier, Bob. Conditionals and Prediction: Time, Knowledge, and Causation in Conditional Constructions. Cambridge: CUP, 1998

20、.Fauconnier, Gilles, and Even Sweetser. Spaces, Worlds, and Grammar. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1996.Iwanska, Long. “Toward a Formal Account of Context-Dependency and Underspecificity of Natural Language.” Paper given at AAAI Symposium on Computational Implicature. Berkeley Linguistics Soc., 19-21 Jan

21、. 1996.Roulet, Evan, et al., eds. LArticulation du Discours en Francais Contemporain. Berne: Peter Lang, 1985.Sweetser, Even. “Mental Space and the Grammar of Conditional Construction.” Ed. G. Fauconnier & E. Sweetser. Chicago & London: U of Chicago P, 1996.（注意，MLA要求論文集和期刊論文用引號(hào)；論文集名目在這里不是作為頭

22、條書(shū)目，故不必標(biāo)出；頁(yè)碼如在文內(nèi)已經(jīng)標(biāo)出，故參考書(shū)目里不必再標(biāo)出）Welker, Kant. “Plans in the Common Ground: Toward a Generative Account of Implicature.” Diss. Ohio State U, 1994. 期刊文章：作者. “文獻(xiàn)題名.” 期刊名稱卷.期號(hào)(出版年): 起止頁(yè)碼. 如：徐盛桓. “充分條件的語(yǔ)用嬗變.” 外國(guó)語(yǔ) 38.3 (2004a): 11-9.徐盛桓. “邏輯與實(shí)據(jù)英語(yǔ)IF條件句研究的一種理論框架.” 現(xiàn)代外語(yǔ) 28.4 (2004b): 331-9.Barthelme, Freder

23、ick. “Architecture.” Kansas Quarterly 13.3-4 (1981): 77-80.（13.3-4是指13卷3、4期合刊）報(bào)紙文章：文獻(xiàn)作者. “文獻(xiàn)題名.” 報(bào)紙名 出版日期: 版次. 如：謝希德. “創(chuàng)造學(xué)習(xí)的新思路.” 人民日?qǐng)?bào) 25 Dec. 1998: 10.（漢語(yǔ)書(shū)目可考慮使用1998-12-25: 10）網(wǎng)上文獻(xiàn)：作者. “文件名.” 出版信息（如電子期刊名、或出版名稱）. 發(fā)表日期. 登陸查看日期. 網(wǎng)址.McCracken, Even. “Desiderata.” Bold Type. Mar. 1997. 7 May 1997 < mccracken/r