八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)及重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)

1、八年級(jí)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法句型語(yǔ)法：1、 動(dòng)詞 1） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（modal verbs)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以用來(lái)表示“提議”、“建議”或“請(qǐng)求”等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should作“應(yīng)該；應(yīng)當(dāng)；可以”講，用以表達(dá)職責(zé)和義務(wù)、提出勸告，而且表述的是自己的主觀看法。其后動(dòng)詞接原型。例如：a用于表示"應(yīng)該"或"不應(yīng)該"的概念。此時(shí)常指長(zhǎng)輩教導(dǎo)或責(zé)備晚輩。例如：You should be here with clean hands. 你應(yīng)該把手洗干凈了再來(lái)。b用于提出意見(jiàn)勸導(dǎo)別人。例如：You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.如果你感覺(jué)不舒服，

2、你最好去看醫(yī)生。c用于表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)之一。例如：We should arrive by supper time. 我們?cè)谕盹埱熬湍艿搅?。She should be here any moment. 她隨時(shí)都可能來(lái)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could用于有禮貌地向?qū)Ψ教岢鲆蠡蛘?qǐng)求。a. 表示“能力”或“可能性”，作為can的過(guò)去形式。如：Could you speak English then？ 那時(shí)你能講英語(yǔ)嗎？He said he couldn't follow me. 他說(shuō)他跟不上我。b. 表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等情緒。如：Who could have

3、taken them？ 誰(shuí)會(huì)把它們拿走了呢？She couldn't have left so soon. 她不可能這么快就走了。在這種情況下，could和can是可以換用的，用could時(shí)口氣較緩和，用can時(shí)不相信的程度更強(qiáng)一些，兩者在時(shí)間上沒(méi)有差別。c. 比較委婉客氣地提出問(wèn)題或陳述看法。如：Could you let me have your passport?Yes, here it is.看看你的護(hù)照好嗎？行，這就是。I could come earlier, if necessary. 如果必要我可以早點(diǎn)來(lái)。這時(shí)could和can沒(méi)有時(shí)間上的差別。2、 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)（pas

4、t progressive tense）1）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的定義過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示過(guò)去某一階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：I was having a talk with Li Hua at that time. 那時(shí)，我正在跟李華談話。I was watching TV at home last night. 昨晚我一直在看電視。2）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)由“was / were + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。如：I was doing my lessons then. 那時(shí)，我在做功課。We were cleaning the house. 我們?cè)诖驋叻孔印?）使用過(guò)去進(jìn)

5、行時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)(1) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示按計(jì)劃、安排過(guò)去某時(shí)刻將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon. 他說(shuō)他今天下午要去北京。(2) 動(dòng)詞hope, wonder等的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常用來(lái)表示提出要求，雖然表示現(xiàn)在的內(nèi)容，但語(yǔ)氣比一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)要委婉。如：I was wondering whether you could come to join us. 我想你能否過(guò)來(lái)跟我們一起活動(dòng)?(3) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)中有always, forever, continually, constantly修飾時(shí)，表示說(shuō)話人的

6、贊賞或厭煩的感情。如：He was always thinking of others. 他總是想到人家。3、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（present perfect tense)1）表示截止現(xiàn)在業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到現(xiàn)在為止，我已收集到了我所需的全部資料。She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150頁(yè)。We haven't met for many years .我們已多年沒(méi)見(jiàn)了。They have developed a new product .他們研制成功了一種

7、新產(chǎn)品。2）表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去而對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響、帶來(lái)結(jié)果的動(dòng)作Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚飯了嗎?She has been to the United States. 她已去美國(guó)了。You have grown much taller.你長(zhǎng)高了許多。3）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能還要延續(xù)It has been five years since he joined the army .他參軍五年了。They have learned English for eight years .他們已學(xué)了八年的英語(yǔ)了。So far we've only discu

8、ssed the first five chapters.至今我們還只討論了前五章。3、 連詞both and:表示“兩者都”。注意：當(dāng)bothand 連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面動(dòng)詞一般要用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Both Lily and Lucy are right.not only but also: “不僅而且”。注意：后面動(dòng)詞采用就近原則，與but also后的詞保持一致。如：Not only my parents but also my brother likes the cat.eitheror:“或者或者”。注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用就近原則。如：Either you or I am wrong.neither

9、nor:“既不也不" 是 “eitheror" 的否定形式。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用就近原則，與nor后的詞保持一致。如：Neither you nor he is right.4、 狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)題句法重點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句是中考詞匯和句法部分考查的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容之一。狀語(yǔ)的功用：狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步等在復(fù)習(xí)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主要任務(wù)是弄清楚引導(dǎo)各種狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞的用法?，F(xiàn)就主要考查點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)述如下:1.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞主要有when, while, as, by the time, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as等

10、。其中when while和as都可表示"當(dāng)時(shí)候",但用法有區(qū)別:when意為"在時(shí);當(dāng)時(shí)",可表示"點(diǎn)時(shí)間"或"段時(shí)間",從句謂語(yǔ)可以是終止性動(dòng)詞,也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例如:When I got home, he was having supper.as意為"邊邊"或"與同時(shí)",重在表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。伴隨進(jìn)行。as從句是終止性動(dòng)詞時(shí),主句通常也必須是終止性動(dòng)詞。例如:They sang as they danced.while只可表示"段時(shí)間",從句

11、謂語(yǔ)只限于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例如:While I was sleeping, my father came in.注:從句謂語(yǔ)是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),when、while和as可以互換2.引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般由because, since, as, for引導(dǎo)?注意as,because,since和for的區(qū)別:如果原因是構(gòu)成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。because引導(dǎo)的從句一般不放在句子的開(kāi)頭。例如:I missed the train because I got up late.注:對(duì)于以why開(kāi)頭的問(wèn)句,一般只能用because引導(dǎo)的從句來(lái)回答。如果原因已為人們所知,或

12、不如句子的其余部分重要,就用as或since、since比as稍微正式一些。as和since引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句子的開(kāi)頭。例如:As he was not well,I decided to go there without him.Since this method doesn't work, let's try another.for表示所說(shuō)的理由是一種補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,因此,for引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在括號(hào)里,而且for引導(dǎo)的從句一般不放在句子的開(kāi)頭。例如:I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry

13、.3.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞主要有so/suchthat,so that等。1) so.that結(jié)構(gòu)在某種情況下可以與enough to和too.to結(jié)構(gòu)相互轉(zhuǎn)換。例如:She is so short that she can't reach the buttons of the lift. =She is too short to reach the buttons of the lift.2)so that也可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,意為"結(jié)果是;以致于"。例如:They missed the bus so that they were late for class

14、. so.that.”句型的意思是“如此/這么以致于”，常引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，但“so.that.”是個(gè)愛(ài)“變臉”句型，你一不留意就會(huì)出錯(cuò)?！皊o.that.”句型及其轉(zhuǎn)換也是中考的熱點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)將其用法總結(jié)歸納如下，讓我們一起來(lái)看看它是怎樣變的吧。 注意： so. that.句型中的so是副詞，常常用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞，常用句型為：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+so+adj. / adv. + that從句。例如： 1. he is so young that she can't look after herself. 2. The boy ran so fast that I couldn't ca

15、tch him. 3. He was so angry that he couldn't say a word. 在“such. that.”句型中，such修飾名詞，意思也是“如此以致于”但當(dāng)名詞前有many、much、(a) few、(a) little等詞修飾時(shí)，句子中要用“so.that.”而不能用“such.that.”。例如： 1. He has so much money that he can buy what he wanted. 2. I've had so many falls that I have pains here and there. 3. Th

16、ere is litte water in the glass that I can't drink any more.4引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞so that也可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,此時(shí)可用to或in order to替換,將其改為簡(jiǎn)單句。例如:He got up early so that he could get to school on time. =He got up early to get to school on time. =In order to get to school on time,he got up early. 5. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞though, a

17、lthough注意： 當(dāng)有though, although時(shí)，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用 Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨，但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?He is very old, but he still works very hard.雖然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。 Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。 （諺語(yǔ)）6. 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞要點(diǎn)： 表示狀語(yǔ)從句由連詞if,

18、unless (=if not) 引導(dǎo)。1.If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.如果明天不下雨, 我們就去遠(yuǎn)足.2.You will get good grades if you study hard.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí),就會(huì)取得好成績(jī).3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too.我不會(huì)去參加聚會(huì)的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)難點(diǎn)提示：用條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要注意時(shí)態(tài)的正確使用,當(dāng)主句是將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí). 7引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞(1)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句由where，w

19、herever，引導(dǎo)，如： We must camp where we can get water. 我們必須在能找到水的地方露營(yíng)。 （2）地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句前應(yīng)有一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞；而狀語(yǔ)從句前則無(wú)需先行詞。如： Go back where you came from.(where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句) 你從何處來(lái)到何處去。 Go back to the village where you came from.(where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾village) 回到你來(lái)的那個(gè)村子里去。重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用 do/does 的一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)形式：

20、(shall/will) do do/does 的一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(shall/will) be done一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句形式：肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句：People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.一般疑問(wèn)句例句：Will people have robots in a few years?特殊疑問(wèn)句例句：What will people have in a few years?重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)（將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的委婉說(shuō)法） d

21、o/does 的過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)形式：(should/would) do do/does 的過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(should/would) be done過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句形式：肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.否定句例句：You shouldn't write a letter to him.一般疑問(wèn)句例句：Should I write a letter to him?特殊疑問(wèn)句例句：What should I do?重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) do/does 的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)形式：(was/were) doing do/do

22、es 的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(was/were) being done過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式：肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.否定句例句：I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.一般疑問(wèn)句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?特殊疑問(wèn)句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed?動(dòng)詞 when 和 while 的選擇：wh

23、en 后加瞬間動(dòng)詞，while 后加延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例句：The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed. =While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)：(1) How + adj. + the + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 =(2) What + (a/an) + adj. + n. + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞例句：What a beautiful flower it is! =How beautiful the flower is! What beautif

24、ul flowers they are! =How beautiful the flowers are!重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：賓語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)從句(主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ))例句：-I'm good at English. He says. (改為加賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句) -He says I'm good at English.注意：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受其影響。 例句：He says I'm good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was youn

25、g. 主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句也要用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。 例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. 賓語(yǔ)從句是客觀真理時(shí)永遠(yuǎn)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. 動(dòng)詞原形不能作主語(yǔ)，必須用其 -ing 形式。 例句：She said helping

26、others changed her life.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)：主句 + if + 條件狀語(yǔ)從句 if + 條件狀語(yǔ)從句 + (comma) + 主句注意：在 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例句：You'll have a great time if you go to the party. =If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) do/does 的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)形式：have/has been doing do/does 的

27、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：have/has been being done現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)所應(yīng)用的場(chǎng)合：某事從過(guò)去發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在都在做過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響例：我已上了三年初中。 I have been in Junior School for 3 years. 自從那次他與我談過(guò)心后，我天天都在進(jìn)步。 I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式：肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours.否定句例句：I haven&#

28、39;t been skating for five hours.一般疑問(wèn)句例句：Have you been skating for five hours?特殊疑問(wèn)句例句：How long have you been skating?注意：瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間連用。重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：mind one's doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：詢問(wèn)別人為什么要做或者不做某事 why don't you do sth. = why not do sth. 例句：Why don't you get her a camera? = Why not get her a ca

29、mera? what about = how about 例句：How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls?重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài) do/does 的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)形式：(have/has) done do/does 的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(have/has) been done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。例句：我去年去過(guò)美國(guó)，那是我第一次出國(guó)。 I have ever been to America. It's the first time for me to go abroad.重點(diǎn)

30、句型短語(yǔ)in five years on computer on paperlive in as a reporter free timefall in love with like doing sth keep a parrotwant sb. to do sth.play ones stereostay at homeargue with sb / have an argument with sb. be out of stylewrite sb a letter/write to talk about on the phonesurprise sb.pay forget a part-t

31、ime jobborrow sth. from sb.get out (of)in front of / in the front of take offbuy for land on shout to / at run awaycome in hear about the Museum of Flight happen tostop doingtake placeas. asfirst of all pass on be supposed to do better in be in good health report card get overopen up care forhave a

32、party for sb.be mad at sball the time 一直，始終 in order to 為了have a party 舉行聚會(huì) go to college上大學(xué)be famous for 因而著稱(chēng) in fact 事實(shí)上laugh at 嘲笑 too much 太多get exercise 鍛煉 travel around the world 周游世界work hard 努力工作 wear jeans 穿牛仔褲get an education 獲得教育in fact 其實(shí)；實(shí)際上 run out of 用完；用盡by the way 順便；附帶說(shuō)說(shuō) be interes

33、ted in 對(duì)感興趣more than 比多 make a list of 列清單thanks for doing sth. 感謝某人做了某事 think of / about sth. 想起某事not at all 一點(diǎn)也不 turn down 調(diào)節(jié)(收音機(jī)等)使音量變小right away 立刻；馬上wait in line 排隊(duì)等候cut in line插隊(duì) keep down 控制at first 首先 break the rule不服從；不遵守put out 熄滅 put on 穿上pick up 撿起 even if 即使fall asleep 入睡give away 贈(zèng)送rat

34、her than 勝于hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō) take an interest in 對(duì)感興趣make friends with 與交友Unit1：When was she born?She was born in 1996.How long did David stand in a box of ice?When did he start writing?How old was Mo Yan when he left school?Why was he famous?/what made him famous?with great talentstreet artist paint pictu

35、res on the ground get in troublewin the Nobel Prize in Literature expect to do sth.all over the worldpen name ;real namebe born into a farmers familydrop out of schooltry every means to do sth.with sth.(no more books) at handHe read it so many times that he found several mistakes in it.join the army

36、 become famous be made into a film become interested in his worksshort story too toride a bikespend time with sb.(spend其它用法)win a skating competitionenjoy doing sth.become seriously illhave bad healthkeep on doing sth.take piano lessonsgive concertstouch the heart of sb.break uppersonal informationW

37、hat do you think of our school?kind of stricthappen to sb.feel unsure of stha good starting point turn to sb.more and more+adjwalk through the doorcome overhave a secret feeling of fearstand in a cornerhelp sb. do sth.pass the timemake small talk wait in linebreak the icedepend ongive sb. a chance t

38、o do sth.on vacationtrek through the jungletake it easy in general some day as soon as possible come true thousands of so that quite a few on the other hand hold on to ones dream in the future I like places where the weather is always warm.Where would you like to go？in this seasonat this time of yea

39、rIts convenient to do sth.take the underground trainpack light clothesprovide sth. for sb. /provide sb. with sth.be willing to do sth.achieve ones dreamfind it difficult to do sth.the secret to language learningbe afraid to do sth.body languagethe expressions on the faceskey wordsbe interested inloo

40、k up the word in the dictionaryask sb. for helpwork with friendsmake word cardslisten to tapesHow do you study for a test?I study byimprove my speaking skillsspoken EnglishIts hard to do sth.give a reportget the main ideaat firstword by wordIt takes time.The more you read, the faster youll be.becaus

41、e ofpoor pronunciationfall in love withhave a better understanding of sth.be born withhave sth. in commonget boredtake notesdraw mind mapsthe Lantern Festival the Dragon Boat Festival the Water Festival eat five meals a day put on five pounds lose weightin two weeks be similar to. throw water at each other in