英文參考文獻(xiàn)引用格式

1、英文參考文獻(xiàn)引用格式英文文獻(xiàn)與中文文獻(xiàn)的引用格式有所不同,最常用的是MLA和APA兩種。從出版日期所放的位置來看,中文文獻(xiàn)的引用格式更靠近MLA.Available: /dept/llc/writecenter/web/mla.html, 2 Oct 2002.MLA STYLEby Marilyn Morgan, Beth Britt, Jim Oldham, Lisa Palmer, andMaureen MurphyIntroductionThe Modern Language Association (MLA publishes a style man

2、ual used primarily by scholars in literature and the humanities. The most recent edition is MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 4th Edition, by Joseph Gibaldi, Modern Language Association of America, 1995. For more complete information on MLA documentation, please consult this manual. Copie

3、s are available at the Writing Center, in the Rensselaer Library, and for purchase in the Rensselaer Bookstore.Sources are acknowledged in two locations in your document: a "Works Cited"page and In-Text Citations.The "Works Cited" PageAll sources you use must be listed alphabetic

4、ally at the end of your document ona page titled "Works Cited," which is centered on the page at the top of thedocument. The listing begins two lines down from this title; each citation is single spaced, but a double space is used to separated citations, thus:Works CitedAuthors last name,

5、first name and middle name or initial (ifany.Book Title (underlined or italicized. City of publication:Publishers,Date of publication.Next authors last name, first name and middle name orinitial (if any.Book Title(underlined or italicized. City of publication:Publishers,Date of publication.The citat

6、ions are not numbered. Each citation begins with a hanging indent, whichmeans that the second and following lines of each entry are indented five spacesunder the first.Materials from different kinds of sources, such as journal articles, books and theInternet, are cited in slightly different ways.Exa

7、mples:Citing a BookFormat:Authors last name, first name and middle name or initial (if any. Book Title (underlined or italicized. City of publication: Publishers, Date ofpublication.Example:Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. Loose Canons: Notes on the Culture Wars. Oxford UP, 1992.Citing a Journal ArticleForma

8、t:Authors last name, first name and middle name or initial (if any. "Title of the article in quotation marks." Name of the Journal(underlined or italicized, Volume number, (Year: page numbers for the entire article.Example:Williams, Joan G. "Accelerated Fault Simulation: A Deductive A

9、pproach." Circuits Quarterly, 9 (1992: 212-220.Citing the InternetFormat:Authors last name,first name and middle name or initial (if any. Descriptor or "Title of article in quotations marks." Internet. (Date the article was posted, if given.Available: Internet address. Date you access

10、ed the material.Example:Honeycutt, Lee. Communication and Design Course Web Site. Internet. (1997 Available: /commdesign/class1.html, Jan. 1998.Citing a ChapterFormat:Authors last name, first name and middle name or initial (if any. "Title of the chapter in quotation marks.&quo

11、t; In Book Title(underlined or italicized. First, middle and last name of the editor, Ed. City of publication: Publishers, Date of publication, pages on which the chapter appears.Example:Fraser, Kathleen. " The Tradition of Marginality." In Where We Stand: Women Poets on Literary Tradition

12、. Sharon Bryan, Ed. NY: W.W. Norton, 1993, 52-65.Citing a Book with more than one authorFormat:First authors last name, first name and middle name or initial (if any and second authors first, middle, and last name. Book Title (underlined or italicized. City of publication: Publishers, Date of public

13、ation.Example:Gilbert, Sandra M. and Susan Gubar. The Madwoman in the Attic: TheWoman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Imagination. New Haven:Yale UP, 1979.In-text CitationsAny material in your document which derives from other sources whether bydirect quotation, paraphrase, or inspiration must be

14、attributed immediately andthe sources named either by direct reference or by parenthetical citation.Direct ReferenceIf it can be smoothly done, sources may be cited directly in your text.Examples:In a stunning scene on page 27, Bronte reveals the source ofHeathcliffs inner torment: "in an uncon

15、trollable passion oftears , Come in! come in!he sobbed. Cathy do come."According to Henry Louis Gates, " r ace is the ultimatetrope of difference" (49.Any information not given directly in the text, must be cited parenthetically(within parentheses.Parenthetical CitationA parenthetical

16、 citation must include (if not already given the first word of thelisting of the source on the works-cited page (most usually the authors lastname and, in the case of paraphrase or quotation, the number of the page on which the material originally appeared. Example: To at least one American scholar,

17、 " r ace is the ultimate trope of difference" (Gates 49. In a parenthetical citation, no punctuation separates the naming of the source ant the page number. The title of the work cited need not be named unless you are using two different works by the same author, in which case you would th

18、en, in addition to the author, indicate the first word of the title of the specific reference you are making: Example: (Gates, Loose 49. A page number need not be used if you have used an idea more generally contained within the source material, but which you have neither quoted nor paraphrased. Example: The word "race" has been used to reduce people to socially constructed categories (Gates. The period follows the parenthesis unless you are using a block quotation. Block Quotation If the quotation you are using consists of