初中英語完型填空解題技巧

1、初中英語完形填空解題技巧復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)】完形填空題是對(duì)學(xué)生英語語言知識(shí)與語言運(yùn)用能力的一種測(cè)試。 其考查的 形式靈活，綜合性較強(qiáng)，要求考生能綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)的知識(shí)在特定的語境中進(jìn)行合 理的推理判斷， 并能準(zhǔn)確地從四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中選出正確答案， 使補(bǔ)足后的短文結(jié)構(gòu) 完整，意義通暢。一完形填空題的特點(diǎn) 完形填空題能夠較為準(zhǔn)確地檢查學(xué)生的各項(xiàng)知識(shí)水平和綜合運(yùn)用語言知 識(shí)的能力。這種題型的主要考查內(nèi)容為： 詞語辨析、基本句型、基礎(chǔ)語法； 固定搭配與習(xí)慣表達(dá)； 閱讀理解能力和邏輯推理能力。 近年來，完形填空題更側(cè)重對(duì)語言應(yīng)用 能力、閱讀理解能力的考查。完形填空題(cloze tes)它有以下兩大特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律：第一，一篇

2、完形填空題是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。盡管看起來形式上有殘缺(若干個(gè)空)，但它的內(nèi)容、語言習(xí)慣，句與句 之間的銜接點(diǎn)， 句子與段落之間的聯(lián)系， 段落與段落之間的邏輯順序仍或隱或現(xiàn) 地存在于篇章之中。 因此，在做完形填空題時(shí)， 通讀全文、明了大意、 理清觀點(diǎn)、 分清層次是十分重要的一步 ?？忌忸}時(shí) 必須自始至終依托語境，注意上下文 之間、詞與詞之間，從語法到意義的合理搭配。尤其要注意短文中承上啟下的過渡詞等，如 so, but, however, then, therefore, alSO。第二，完形填空題選材廣泛。它涉及社會(huì)、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)；文化、教育、歷史、地理、科普知識(shí)、人物故 事等。因此，考生做完形

3、填空題時(shí)，要快速通覽全文，了解文章概貌與各段落的 中心意思，把握文章主旨脈絡(luò)，掌握文章作者的意圖。二完形填空題的設(shè)空規(guī)律為了對(duì)完形填空題的各種類型有一個(gè)深入的了解，探索一下該題型的設(shè) 空規(guī)律是有必要的。 上下文直接信息題：本類題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)是， 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)之間不存在詞義區(qū)別和用法比較。 考生應(yīng)著 眼于對(duì)上下文信息的捕捉和對(duì)上下文暗示的領(lǐng)會(huì)。如下列 “考題 1”中的第 7、8、 9 小題。 詞、句、文三結(jié)合理解題： 本類題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)是：其中某一個(gè)或幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)代入空白處會(huì)使句意不通 或嚴(yán)重違背上下句意義的銜接或直接與短文內(nèi)容不符， 考生在做這類題時(shí)要對(duì)各 選項(xiàng)的詞義作準(zhǔn)確的把握。如下列 “考題 1”中的

4、第 4、5 小題。 詞義辨析題： 本類題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)是，各選項(xiàng)代入空中后該句的語法都是正確的，但是 句子出現(xiàn)了幾種不同的含義。 在做這類題時(shí)， 考生要認(rèn)真比較各詞之間的細(xì)微差 別。如下列 “考題 1”中的第 1、11、15 小題。 語法知識(shí)和固定短語考查題： 考生在解答本類題時(shí)要注意句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)要正確：如時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)等； 對(duì)固定短語要注意其結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性，如下列 “考題 1”中的第 10 小題。 行文邏輯和全文中心把握題： 本類題的設(shè)空特點(diǎn)是：把各選項(xiàng)中的對(duì)象代入空格中可導(dǎo)致上下文之間 出現(xiàn)因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系等。做本類題時(shí)，考生要注意全 文的主線或脈絡(luò)，仔細(xì)分析上下文之間的邏輯

5、關(guān)系，從而準(zhǔn)確地選出正確答案。 如下列 “考題 1”中的第 2、13 小題。三完形填空解題技巧在做這類題的時(shí)候， 希望考生一定要牢記四個(gè)步驟， 反復(fù)訓(xùn)練， 使自己 在短時(shí)間內(nèi)有一個(gè)比較好的成績(jī)。第一步就是通讀全文，領(lǐng)會(huì)大意 ，第二步就 是緊扣內(nèi)容，分析對(duì)比備選答案，第三步就是瞻前顧后，全文貫通 , ，第四步就 是復(fù)查核對(duì)，決定取舍。1通讀全文，領(lǐng)會(huì)大意 完形填空題不同于單項(xiàng)選擇填空題。 單項(xiàng)填空題所給的是一個(gè)或兩個(gè)句子， 根據(jù) 本句或前后句就可以判定所選的答案。 而完形填空題所給的是一篇意思完整的短 文，所選的答案處在整段或整篇文章之中。所以在做題前，必須先瀏覽全文，了 解短文的大意，這是絕不

6、可省的一步。22. 緊扣內(nèi)容，分析對(duì)比備選答案 完形填空所用的短文一般不給標(biāo)題，但短文的主題句，往往在每段文章的首句， 有時(shí)也出現(xiàn)在文章的中間或結(jié)束處。 主題句提供全篇的性質(zhì)、 大意等， 這是深入 了解全文的 “窗口 ”，甚至能以語句為立足點(diǎn)，從該句的時(shí)態(tài)、語氣推測(cè)全文的主 要內(nèi)容。分析時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1) 當(dāng)遇到一個(gè)需要填的詞時(shí)，首先要考慮這個(gè)詞在句子中的成分是什么？詞性 是什么？(2) 如果需要填的是名詞，就要考慮名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格形式。(3) 如果需要填的是形容詞或副詞， 就應(yīng)考慮是用原級(jí)或是比較級(jí)， 還是最高級(jí)。(4) 如果需要填的是動(dòng)詞，則要考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)，人稱變化，語氣

7、以及非 謂語動(dòng)詞(不定式和動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式)的一般式，被動(dòng)式和完成式等。(5) 如果需要填空的是介詞，則要注意固定搭配的用法。(6) 如果需要填的是冠詞，則要注意是用不定冠詞還是用定冠詞。(7) 另外要注意一些固定句型。3. 瞻前顧后，全文貫通 短文中每個(gè)空白處的正確答案和氣上下文在意思上和結(jié)構(gòu)上都有這樣或那樣的 必然聯(lián)系。 一般說來，所選答案只有和上下文和結(jié)構(gòu)上都吻合的時(shí)候， 才是正確 答案。因此，必須注意上下的參照，連貫思考。如果答案一時(shí)確定不下來，切記 不要耽誤太久，可暫放一邊，待其他答案選好之后，再回過頭來仔細(xì)推敲。 試題所提供的短文可以說是一個(gè)整體， 空白處所需要選的答案只是整體

8、中的一部 分。有時(shí)候，所選答案從局部看是可行的，但從整體看，不見的是最佳的答案。 這時(shí)就要局部服從整體， 從短文的整體內(nèi)容出發(fā)， 重新選擇答案。 對(duì)于那些拿不 定主意或未能選答的空白， 不要僅局限在與上下文的對(duì)照上， 要把視野擴(kuò)大到全 文。有時(shí)一旦和整篇短文聯(lián)系起來，就可豁然開朗，很容易選出正確答案。4. 復(fù)查核對(duì)，決定取舍 全部題目作完以后，要仔細(xì)考查核對(duì)。填完空白后，重讀全文，這也是解題過程 中至關(guān)重要的一環(huán)。 此時(shí)考生對(duì)文章已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)相對(duì)完整的了解， 對(duì)文章的理 解也就更進(jìn)了一步， 也就摸清了文章內(nèi)在發(fā)展的邏輯關(guān)系。 而如果在此時(shí)再讀一 遍文章，就有可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一些其他原來沒有注意到的問

9、題， 也就能夠根據(jù)對(duì)語篇的理解及內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系，反復(fù)推敲，比較異同，從而選擇一個(gè)更符合文章意義的答案，其方法是：把短文連同所選答案細(xì)讀一遍，凡讀起來別扭或答案無確切把握 的地方分別記下來，然后將每個(gè)空白處與其相對(duì)應(yīng)的四個(gè)答案逐一對(duì)照，務(wù)求一一過關(guān)，避免遺漏。若發(fā)現(xiàn)原所選答案與復(fù)查時(shí)所選答案不同，不要急于涂改， 待認(rèn)真斟酌核實(shí)后，再?zèng)Q定取舍。另外，在平時(shí)的練習(xí)中，對(duì)每一篇完形填空均可重復(fù)作上幾遍，通過反復(fù)的練習(xí)， 不但可以牢固地掌握所學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，而且能夠提高完形填空的應(yīng)試能力?！纠}解析】1 完形填空：閱讀下面短文，選出最佳答案：“ Ring ring ” the teleph one sudde

10、nly rang. Sam got up to the call.It was his aunt. “ Sam, 2 are you still at home? she asked surprisingly. Sam 1ooked at the clock. It was already 7:30 a. m. “ Oh,my goodness! There ' an important _3_ today, ” Sam shouted out.He hurried to wash his face and get 4 . Whe n he was going to leave the

11、house, he _5_ that he had not put away his books. He ran quickly to the 6 andput them into the bag. He the n went to the bus stop to go to school as 7 as hecould. When he got into the classroom, his classmates were 8 writing. “Why areyou so _9_ ?” asked the teacher .“I ' m sorry, sir, ” Sam answ

12、ered, afraid of looking10_.“It wasy clock. It 11 to wake me up this morning and .”“ Don't sayanything about it, ” his teacher him. “ Don' t try to come late next time!” Samsaid yes and walked to his 13 quickly. But whe n he tried to do the paper, he could not 14 in a right way. He put his he

13、ad on the desk and sai,“ What a15day it has bee n for me!”1.A. findB. giveC. putD. an swer2.A. whyB. howC. whe nD. where3.A. talkB. partyC. examD. meet ing4.A. tiredB. lostC. dressedD. rested5.A. forgotB. rememberedC. un derstoodD. thought6.A. classroomB. deskC. busD.door7.A. carefullyB. quietlyC. e

14、arlyD. fast8.A. worriedB. freeC. busyD. careful9.A. 1ateB. illC. lo nelyD. ready10.A. dow nB. upC. outD. back11.A.happenedB. stoppedC. failedD. poin ted12.A. helpedB. knewC. followedD. stopped13.A. roomB. tableC. seatD. teacher14.A. thi nkB. sitC. turnD. speak15.A. shortB. badC. happyD. usual【限時(shí)訓(xùn)練】(

15、A)Jack is an English teacher at a college. He moved to New York City with_41_ family . Jack is an excellent teacher . So we all missed him very much since he _42_ . Two weeks ago, Jack cameback to North Carolina for a short visit . The teachers and stude nts held a small _43_for himAt the party . I

16、certa inly would not_44_that good cha nee to lear nEnglish . So I tried to think of all kinds of topics to talk _45_ Grace ,ano ther En glish teacher .Suddenly I heard Jack say to others _46, “ I dig NewYork! ” I immediatelyasked Grace, “Is it really difficult to find a job in New York?” Why does Ja

17、ck_47_ do heavy work since he is such a good teacher?''“Why do you think that? ” Grace asked me . Haven' t you heard him 48 that he is digging NewYork? Is he building an underground passage? ” I asked .Whe n she fin ally realized what I meant, Grace laughed to tears . She the nasked us _

18、49_we knew the meaning of “I dig New York . ” All of us shook our50. So Grace asked Jack to explain it ?It turns out that “I dig NewYork" means"I love NewYork"in American slang(俚 語).()41. A. he B. his C. himself()42. A. left B. leaves C. leave()43. A. meet ing B. party C. lecture()44.

19、 A. look up B. call up C. give up()45. A. with B. at C. of6C. loudlyC. has to()46. A. an grily B. sadly ()47. A. have to B. had to7#()48. A. talk B. sayC.speak()49. A. thatB. whether C. what()50. A. ha ndsB. armsC. heads#(B)Have you ever done somethi ng silly that made you feel so embarrassed(尷尬的)?W

20、ell , I had a really bad Saturday morningI went shopping last week, _41_ my way home, It began to rain . I quicklyran into a phone box 42 _I didn't have an umbrella. It was raining hard andI decided to 43 _ in the phone box until it stopped._44_ mi nu tes later , I saw a young man walk up to the

21、 phone box , weari ng a yellow rain coat and holdi ng a tool box. I didn' t want to go out into the rai n, so I_45_ the phone and prete nded I was talk ing to some one . I thought he would go away, but he didn ' t. He waited in the 46 _ rain, watching me wave my hands about and act as if 1 w

22、as deep in con versati on_47_, the rain stopped after about ten minutes . “OK Mum" I said loudly into the phone ,“I ' ll see you later. Bye! " I put the phone down and went out of the phone box.“ I ' m sorry to keep you 48 for so long ," I said to the man“Oh, I don ' t wan

23、t to use the phone, " he replied . “ rve just come to repair it . It doesn ' t work ."My face turned 49_and I quickly ran off with my head down. That was certainly the most embarrassing 50 _of my life!()41. A. at B. onC. in()42. A. so B. andC. because()43. A. stay B. liveC. come#C. A l

24、ot()44. A. A few B. A little ()45. A. looked up B. picked up C. tur ned up()46. A. big B. stro ngC. heavy()47. A. Luckily B. Luck C. Lucky()48. A. waitB. waiti ngC. waited()49. A. green B. redC. white()50. A. cha neeB. wayC. time(C)Every one knows people n eed water.to liv ing thi ngs ?Maybe you fee

25、l lucky_42 _your life you don ' t have to worry about waterBut do you know just how _41 _water isisn ' t hard . But it doesn' t mean thatWe all face serious water _43 = .One of them is water pollutionAll kinds of things from cars , factories farms and homes _44 _our rivers , lakes and oc

26、ea ns dirty . Polluted water is. Now ,they pollute thevery bad _45_people to drink . And dirty water is bad for fish, _4634 perce nt of all kinds of fish are dying out .How do cars and factories make our water dirty ? First air . Then, when it_47 _, the rain water comes down and makes our drinking w

27、ater dirty . Dirty rain , called acid rain , is also bad for plants , animals and buildings_48_people have madewells to get clean water from underground . But there still isn ' t eno ugh . Scientists_49 _ that in 30 years, more tha n half of the people in the world won ' t have eno ugh clea

28、n water .Whe n we don' t take care of our water , we are hurt ing every one. It ' s timeto start lear ning how to save more water for_50 _ and our childre n)41. A. difficultB. importa ntC. comfortable)42. A. thatB. whetherC. what)43. A. eve ntsB. problemsC. questi ons)44. A. keepB. letC. mak

29、e)45. A. forB. atC. of)46. A. alsoB. eitherC. too)47. A. rai nsB. rainC. rai ning)48 A muchB. manyC. few)49. A. talkB. sayC.speak)50. A. ourB. weC. ourselves(【真題演練】AFears are something we all have. You need to face your fears and to get over them. However, it's easier (41) than done. Running awa

30、y from your fears doesn' t make them leave It just makes them_(42) -than ever. We're never going to be_(43) fearless everything we do, but we can at least be more fearless and (44)What are the fears that scare you much? Check what they are and get them_ (45) in the ope n. Are they thi ngs (4

31、6) height or sn akes? Are you afraid to talk to girl or boy?Ar. you so (47)that you are feari ng on say ing the wrong thi ng? These arecom mon fears that(48) your daily livesBefore you can face them, you n eed to lear n more about (49) makes you fearful of these situati ons Communi cat ing your fear

32、 one way. Other people may be able to (50) yourAnxiety(焦慮)because they know something you don't. It could he from 8 past_ (51), something that you could never forget and has made you fearful _(52)the nTo face fears, you have to (53) in someth in g. It's a very healthy way of lett ing you fee

33、las if nothing can go(54) When you feel that way, you may he able to think (55) about your fears. You will be able 10 believe that everything will be okay. Everything does end up being okay1041. A calledB. acted42. A. louder43. A. similarly44. A. ho nest45. A. out46 A. like47. A. free48. A. won der4

34、9. A. who50. A. rem ind 51'. A. seas on52. A. before53. A. believe54. A. guilty55. A. mostlyB sillierB. speciallyB. con fide ntB. belowB. behi ndB; shyB. prete ndB. whyB. realiseB. expressi onB. sinceB. suggestB. wrongB. fairlyC. dreamedC. brighterC. completelyC. patie ntC. aboutC. amongC. polit

35、eC. in flue neeC whereC. represe ntC. subjectC. afterC. dreamC. directC. differe ntlyD. saidD. biggerD. stro ngly D en ergetic D awayD aboveD. peacefulD. saveD. whatD. receiveD. experie nee D .un tilD. succeedD. correctD. gen tly11#BFor years scie ntists have bee n argu ing about whether n ature or

36、nu rtur后天)decides what people will be like. Is it n ature what people are (41) with that decides what they will be like? (42) is it n urture what(43) to people whe n they are born that decides what they will be like?Scientists have been studying twins to (44) if they can find the answer, because twi

37、ns start out with the (45) DNA. Sometimes twins don' Ite together at birth and grow up in differe nt (46) and differe nt places so the n ature is the same for both, but the nu rture is differe nt.When scie ntists (47) these twi ns in their later life, they some times find some surpris ing (48).J

38、im Springer and Jim Lewis were adopted (收養(yǎng)) by two different families at birth. They first met each other aga in thirty-nine years (49) and discovered they had a lot in (50). Both had been (51) twice. Their first wives were both named Linda and their sec ond wives were both n amed Betty!Each twin ha

39、d a son one called his son James Alan and the (52) called his son James Ala n, too. Their childre n each had a dog called “ Toy”They eve n arrived at their first (53) in the same color of car.So far twin (54) seem to show that both nature and nurture are important. What we have from birth, and how a

40、nd where we live help to buld (55) we are.41.A.bornB. grow nC. taughtD. made42 .A.SoB.AndC.IfD.Or43 .A. prete ndsB. happensC.fallsD.depends44 .A.hearB.winC.seeD.pla n45 .A.niceB.sameC.fullD.free46 .A.familiesB. citiesC. coun triesD. n ati ons47 .A.believeB. suggestC.receiveD. compare48 .A.nu mbersB.

41、 discoveriesC. resultsD. decisi ons49 .A.agoB.laterC.forwardD.beh ind50.A.com monB.factC.dangerD.trouble51.A. men ti on edB. marriedC.succeededD. in terviewed52.A.eitherB. elseC.otherD. only53.A. competitio nB. educati onC. purposeD. meet ing54.A.studiesB. moviesC. challe ngesD.mysteries55.A.whatB.

42、whe nC. whereD. whoCSome students cheat作弊)becausethey ' iteusy or lazy and they want to get good grades without (41) the time study ing. Other stude nts might feel that they can (42) the test without cheating. Even when there seems to be a “goodeason ”or cheating, it isn ' t a good (43).A student who thinks cheating is the only way to pass a test (44) to talk with the teacher and his or her parents so they can find some better ways together. Talking about these problems and (45) the