非謂語動詞用法歸納(語法)

1、非謂語動詞用法歸納主動被動1、 doing 用在要求動詞后 ;進行 ;伴隨 ;性質 ;特點 ; 概 括;抽象 ;一般3、 having done 有先后動作表完成 （ 一般用在句首 ）2、 being done 正在進行得被動4、 having been done 用于句首 ;要求動詞后 （ 有過去時 間或過去動作 ）5、 to do 用在要求動詞后 ;目得 ;將來;具體7、 to have done 在要求動詞后表完成得動作 （一般用 在句中 ）6、 to be done 將來得被動8、 to have been done 用在要求動詞后 （有過去時間或 過去動作 ）9、 done 被動 ;

2、完成 （一般或普遍時間 ）、表格得用法1. doing 得用法(1) 在要求動詞后 (作賓語 ):avoid 避免 appreciate 感激/欣賞 acknowledge 承認 /自認 admit 承認 advocate提倡 /主 張 consider 考慮 cant help 不禁 cant stand 受不了 contemplate 細想 plete 完成 confess 坦白 dislike 不喜歡 , 討厭 deserve值得 delay延遲 deny否認 dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌惡 enjoy享有/喜愛envy嫉妒endure忍受 excuse 借口 escape

3、逃跑 /逃避 finish 完成 forgive 原諒 fancy 幻想 /愛好 favor 造成 /偏愛 figure 描繪 /計算 hate 討厭 imagine 設想 involve 卷入 / 包含 keep 保持 miss 錯過 mention 說到 /講到 mind 介意 pardon 原諒 /饒恕 permit 允許 postpone 推遲 practice 實行 /實踐 prevent 阻止 quit 放棄停止 risk 冒險 recall 回想 resist 抵抗 / 阻止 resume 恢復 repent 悔悟 resent怨恨 stand堅持 /忍受 suggest建議 s

4、ave營救 /儲蓄 tolerate 忍受 worth 值得You should try to avoid making mistakes 、The book is worth reading 、The book deserves reading、(2) 表進行Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake、 =When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake 、The man speaking English is Tom 、 = The man who is speaking English is Tom

5、、(3) 表主動The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom 、= The man who spoke English is Tom 、Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water 、 = Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled 、(4) 表伴隨I stand outside waiting for Mr 、 Chen 、I lie in bed reading a nove

6、l 、(5) 表性質 ;特點The film is very moving 、She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her 、(6) 概括性 ,一般性Climbing mountain is very interesting 、Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring. 在高峰時刻開車令人厭煩。 ( 概括性 ,一般性 )Our work is serving the people.(7) 動名詞得邏輯主語為 ;人稱代詞得所有格 +動名詞 ;名詞 s+動

7、名詞。例如 :Tom insisted on my going with them. 她堅持要我與她們一起去。He dislikes his wifes working late. 她不喜歡她妻子工作得很晚。2、being done 表示正在進行得被動The boy being criticized by Mr 、 Chen is Tom 、 = The boy who is being criticized by Mr 、 Chen is Tom 、Being criticized by Mr 、 Chen, the boy felt sad 、 = When the boy was bei

8、ng criticized by Mr 、 Chen, he felt sad、 The building being built will be the tallest one in this city 、= The building that is being built will be the tallest one in this city 、3、having done 有先后動作表完成 （ 一般用在句首 ）Having finished the class, I went home 、 = After I had finished the class, I went home 、Ha

9、ving done the work, I had a short rest 、 = After I had done the work, I had a short rest 、Having done the work, I went back home 、Having been done, the work was checked by the leaders 、4、having been done 用于句首 ;有先后動作表完成有先后動作表完成,（有過去時間或過去動作 ）I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abro

10、ad two years ago 、 （ 要求動詞后 ）=I appreciate that I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago 、Having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help then 、= Because I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your h

11、elp thenI appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago 、I enjoy giving the opportunity to study abroad to Mr 、 Wang 、I appreciate being given the opportunity to study abroad now 、Having been finished, the report was turned in 、 = After the report had been finished, it w

12、as turned in 、5、to do 得用法 :（1）用在要求動詞后 : 接 to do 得動詞（作賓語）attempt企圖 afford 負擔得起 arrange安排 appear似乎,顯得 ask問 agree同意 believe 認為、相信 begin 開始 beg 請求 bother 擾亂/煩惱 care關心 ,喜歡 choose選擇 claim 要求 consent同意 ,贊同 contrive 設法,圖謀 demand 要求 destine注定 determine 決定 dread害怕 desire愿望 decide決定 enable能夠 expect期望 endeavor

13、努力 fail 不能 hate 憎恨 /厭惡 happen 碰巧 hesitate 猶豫 hope 希望 intend 想要 incline 有傾向 long 渴望 love 愛 learn 學習 mean意欲,打算 manage設法 neglect 忽視 need需要 omit 忽略,漏 offer 提供 pretend假裝 plan 計劃 prefer 喜歡 /寧愿 prepare 準備 profess 表明 promise 承諾 /允許 propose 提議 refuse 拒絕 swear 宣誓 start 開始 seek找 / 尋覓 try 試圖 undertake 承接 volunt

14、eer 志愿 vow 起 wish 希望 want 想要（2）表示具體動作 ,特別就是表示將來得動作 （做表語 ）。Our work is to serve the people.The person to do the job is Tom 、 = The person who will do the job is Tom 、To do two things at a time is to do neither. 一次做兩件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once 、我得建議就是立刻開始干。如果主語就是不定式 （ 表示條件 ）,表

15、語也就是不定式 （表示結果 ）。To see is to believe 、百聞不如一見。To work means to earn a living. 工作就就是為了生活。如果主語就是以 aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose, thing,wish 等為中心得名詞 ,或以 what 引導得名詞性從句 ,不定式作表語就是對主語起補充說明作用。His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future. 她得希望就是在不遠得將來買一輛豪華轎車。The function of Lo

16、uis Sullivans architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample lightinto the interior 、The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.省 to 得動詞不定式1）情態(tài)動詞 （ 除 ought 外 ,ought to）:2）使役動詞 let, have, make; 在被動語態(tài)中則 to 不能省掉。The boss made them wo

17、rk the whole night 、 = They were made to work the whole night 、3）感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補 ,省略 to。在被動 語態(tài)中則 to 不能省掉。I saw him dance 、 = he was seen to dance、注:感官動詞還可以接現(xiàn)在分詞 ,表示一個 （短暫 ）動作正在進行 ;不定式則表示動作得整個過程。I saw him dance 、 (整個跳舞得過程 )I saw him

18、 dancing 、 (我瞧見她時 ,她正在跳舞。強調動作正在發(fā)生 )A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen 、A、 smokeB、 smokingC、 to smoke D、 smokedfind sb、 doing sth 意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事 ”。4) 表示個人意愿或傾向得 would rather,had better,might(just) as well:rather than 置于句首時。Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers

19、 to ride a bike、If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better it youve got some big bills in、gA、 forgetB、 forgot C、 forgettingD、 to forget5) why / why not 6) help 可帶 to,也可不帶 to, help sb (to) do sth:7) but 與 except:but 前就是動詞 do 時,后面出現(xiàn)得動詞用不帶 to 得動詞不定式 ;就是其她動詞時 ,則要帶 to。He wants t

20、o do nothing but go out、He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine 、8) 不定式做表語時 ,一般要帶 to,但若主語部分中含有 do得各種形式時 ,符號 to 可省去。Weve missed the last bus、 All we could do now is walk home 、9) 通常在 discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等詞后 ,可以省去 to be:He is supposed (to be) nice、她應該就是個好人。10) 當

21、兩個或多個不定時短語由連詞and,but或 or連接時 ,后一個或幾個不定式符號 to常省略。但若表示對比、對照關系時 ,則不能省略。He wants to move to France and marry the girl、The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult 、6、to be done將來得被動The work to be finished tomorrow is important 、= The work that will be finished tom

22、orrow is important 、= The work that is to be done is difficult to finish 、7. to have done 在要求動詞后表完成得動作 (一般用在句中 )Mr、 Chen is said to have done the job、 = Mr、 Chen is said that he did the job、Chinese men basketball team is reported to have accepted a good training before the Olympic Games 、= Chinese m

23、en basketball team is reported that they accepted a good training before the Olympic Games 、8、to have been done用在要求動詞后 (有過去時間或過去動作 )The job is said to have been done by Mr 、 Chen、 = The job is said that it was done by Mr 、 Chen、9、done 被動 ;完成(一般或普遍時間 )Seen from the moon, the earth looks like a blue b

24、all 、= When it is seen from the moon, the earth looks like a blue ball、The work done is important 、= The work that has been done is important= The work that was done is importantPeople cannot but feel puzzled,for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake 、 二、出題形式1. 空

25、格在句首 :(1) 句子分前后兩部分 ,后面分句得主語能發(fā)出前面得動作,前面空格用主動 ,否則用被動 ;(2) be interested in; be faced with; be devoted to; be delighted with; be addicted to; be seated on; be dressed in; (be) used/accustomed to; be armed with; be involved in; be concerned about/with; be attached to; 等在句首只能用 ed 形式Faced with so many dif

26、ficulties, I work hard every day 、Devoted to my work; I care nothing else 、2. 空格在句中 :(1)空格前面得名詞能發(fā)出后面得動作,空格用主動 ,否則用被動(2)要求動詞 (后接 doing 得動詞 ;后接 to do 得動詞 )(3) 有些動詞后使用動名詞與動詞不定式作賓語得差別forget to do 忘記要去做某事 (此事未做 )forget doing 忘記做過某事 (此事已做過或已發(fā)生 ) stop to do 停止、中斷 (某件事 ),目得就是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在或經(jīng)常做得事remem

27、ber to do 記住去做某事 (未做)remember doing 記得做過某事 (已做 ) regret to do 對要做得事遺憾regret doing 對做過得事遺憾、后悔try to do 努力、企圖做某事try doing 試驗、試一試某種辦法mean to do 打算,有意要 mean doing 意味著go on to do 繼而(去做另外一件事情 ) go on doing 繼續(xù)(原先沒有做完得事情 )propose to do 打算 (要做某事 )proposing doing 建議(做某事 )like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具體行為

28、;+doing sth 表示抽象、傾向概念It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore 、 )等名詞 +doing sth、It is no use crying 、哭沒有用。 It is no good objecting 、反對也沒有用。It is a great fun playing football. 打籃球很有趣。 It is a waste of time trying to explain. 設法解釋就是浪費時間。It is + useless (nice, good,intere

29、sting, expensive 等形容詞 )+ doing sth.It is useless speaking、光說沒用。It is nice seeing you again. 真高興又遇到了您。It is good Playing chess after supper.晚飯后弈棋挺好。 It is expensive running this car. 開這種小車就是浪費。3. 空格在句尾 :(1)物 + need, want, deserve, demand, require + doing( = to be done )The blackboard needs cleaning、

30、= The blackboard needs to be cleaned、 (2)參考使役動詞 make; let; get; have 得用法Sb(1) makes sb(2) do 前面得人讓 /叫/使后面得人做某事Mr、 Chen makes us do English exercise、Sb(1) makes sb(2) doing 前面得人讓 /叫/使后面得人一直做某事 (有前提條件 ,表示抱怨或發(fā)牢騷 )Mr、 Chen is too strict on our English study and he always makes us doing English exercise

31、、Sb(2) is made to do 某人被讓 /叫/使去做某事We are made to do English exercise、Sb makes oneself / onedso npeoi某nt 人讓 /叫/使自己或自己得話 /觀點讓別人聽懂Mr、 Chen speaks English slowly in order to make himself understood in the class 、Sb makes sth done 某人把 /讓/叫/使某事給別人做I have my hair cut 、Sb has done sth某人已經(jīng)做完了某事I have cut my hair 、(3) 不及物動詞構成得不定式做定語 ,要加上適當?shù)媒樵~與被修飾得名詞形成邏輯上得動賓關系,這里得介詞不能省去。I need a pen to write with. 我需