汽輪機(jī)原理習(xí)題解答

1、汽輪機(jī)原理習(xí)題參考答案習(xí)題1(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)損失已經(jīng)計(jì)算，圖略(9)圖略(10)(11)(12)略。22習(xí)題2(1)高壓缸：級(jí)號(hào)內(nèi)功率Pi級(jí)流量D0級(jí)前溫度級(jí)前壓力級(jí)前比熵級(jí)前焓全級(jí)壓差級(jí)后壓力級(jí)后焓級(jí)理想焓降級(jí)的相對(duì)內(nèi)效率有效焓降級(jí)實(shí)際出口焓值調(diào)節(jié)級(jí)18555905.6537166.4393403.744.2511.753304.299.540.74101911273.76104243329.97895815365886.1483.811.66.45373311.270.88310.7173286.6824.590.88640247921.7966369532

2、89.47336325608886.1471.110.76.4583289.320.8599.8413263.74525.5750.89086547222.783884443266.53611635992886.1457.99.876.45953265.810.8579.0133238.5427.270.89270184224.343979233241.46602146325886.1443.89.016.4633241.2060.8388.1723212.43328.7730.89308983925.696873943215.50912656551886.1428.98.176.467321

3、5.140.7977.3733185.48629.6540.89751988726.615054733188.52494566855886.1413.57.386.47063187.9820.7656.6153157.0330.9520.89978449827.850129783160.1318777194886.1397.66.616.4763160.30.735.883127.93232.3680.90297210129.227400973131.07259986345852.93815.896.483131.0560.6265.2643100.6830.3760.88166871126.

4、781568773104.27443196653852.9365.25.266.4843103.280.5994.6613071.35531.9250.87961171328.081603943075.198396106930852.9348.84.666.4893074.4870.5634.0973041.3333.1570.8821905329.250791423045.236209117203852.9331.84.16.49433044.490.5253.5753010.1434.350.88509738930.403095323014.086905高壓缸總的有效焓降為：366.592

5、 kj/kg，高壓缸總的理想焓降為：428.53 kj/kg由調(diào)節(jié)級(jí)前熵s6.439kj/(kg*k)和第11級(jí)后壓力3.575Mpa，得焓h2978.087kj/kg高壓缸重?zé)嵯禂?shù)：=(428.53-(3403.74-2978.087)/ (3403.74-2978.087)=0.00676調(diào)節(jié)級(jí)的相對(duì)內(nèi)效率：73.761/99.54=0.741高壓缸效率：366.592/(3403.74-2978.087)=0.86125(2)汽輪機(jī)高壓缸各級(jí)效率逐漸增加，直到第一次回?zé)岢槠蠼档椭磷钚?，后又逐漸增加。原因：由于葉片變大，所以葉高損失變小，所以效率提高，直到有回?zé)岢槠?，損失變大，所以效率

6、降低。(3)高壓進(jìn)汽壓力損失：16.716.000.7Mpa再熱器壓力損失：3.5753.120.455Mpa中低連通管壓力損失：0.7910.7690.022Mpa中壓缸級(jí)號(hào)內(nèi)功率Pi級(jí)流量D0級(jí)前溫度級(jí)前壓力級(jí)前比熵級(jí)前焓全級(jí)壓差級(jí)后壓力級(jí)后焓級(jí)理想焓降級(jí)的相對(duì)內(nèi)效率有效焓降級(jí)實(shí)際出口焓值17818747.6533.63.127.3123531.440.3362.7843490.37541.0650.91676293637.646869983493.7931328052758515.32.187.4353500.0230.3141.8663445.22954.7940.6979174483

7、8.241688653461.78131138520758496.42.477.3213454.9060.3022.1683410.12144.7850.90352528640.464379953414.4416248831758476.42.167.3283414.1680.2811.8793367.57446.5940.90014647441.94142483372.22657559158758455.51.887.3333371.690.2571.6233323.93447.7560.91076428343.49445913328.19554169062724.9433.71.637.3

8、3623327.480.2361.3943278.22449.2560.91366990145.003724653282.47627579651724.9411.11.397.3433282.070.221.173229.6152.460.91362595847.928817773234.141182810276724.9386.91.177.34933233.650.2030.9673177.76955.8810.91323874251.032694163182.617306910666724.9361.10.977.3553182.2960.1790.7913124.87757.4190.

9、92250845652.969513043129.326487中壓缸總的有效焓降為：398.7236 kj/kg由第1級(jí)前熵7.312和第9級(jí)后壓力0.791Mpa得出h3099.103 kj/kg中壓缸的效率：398.7236/(3531.44-3099.103)=0.92225低壓缸級(jí)號(hào)內(nèi)功率Pi級(jí)流量D0級(jí)前溫度級(jí)前壓力級(jí)前比熵級(jí)前焓全級(jí)壓差級(jí)后壓力級(jí)后焓級(jí)理想焓降級(jí)的相對(duì)內(nèi)效率有效焓降級(jí)實(shí)際出口焓值18610329.3331.40.7697.3663123.7080.2420.5273024.2599.4580.86758229686.2883037.4229197329.3287.2

10、0.5417.3773037.040.1910.352931.46105.580.79243701583.66552953.374538585294.3243.70.3727.39052952.60.140.2322847.434105.1660.8986459594.5072858.09349262275.4194.50.2327.413432858.0930.10.1322745.626112.4670.910542648102.4062755.68758297258.5140.80.1337.434242755.60.06080.07222624.28131.320.8430551331

11、10.712644.89613222246.591.80.07367.4652662.6830.05270.02092522.65140.0330.845514986118.42544.283711308246.563.40.02287.8652614.860.01680.0062463.047151.8130.830956506126.152488.711個(gè)低壓缸總的有效焓降為：722.1265 kj/kg 由第1級(jí)前的熵7.366和第7級(jí)后壓力0.006Mpa得出h2268.757 kj/kg低壓缸的效率：722.1265/(3123.708-2268.757)=0.84464(4)dmu

12、級(jí)的理想焓降ca速比相對(duì)內(nèi)效率調(diào)節(jié)級(jí)0.741高壓缸第一級(jí)0.85419134.175924.59221.76560.6050340.8864高壓缸末級(jí)1.07704169.18134.35262.10680.6454660.8851中壓缸第一級(jí)1.08966171.163441.065286.58330.5972550.916763中壓缸末級(jí)1.32736208.501257.419338.87760.615270.92251低壓缸第一級(jí)1.91978301.558399.4584460.676140.9464低壓缸末級(jí)2.64287415.141191.813619.37550.67025

13、70.861沿蒸汽膨脹流程，級(jí)焓降逐漸增大。原因：沿蒸汽膨脹流程，輪周速度增大，為了保證較高的效率，各級(jí)均應(yīng)在最佳速比附近工作，則相應(yīng)的理想焓降要增大。 (5)(6)Pe發(fā)電機(jī)功率Pel發(fā)電機(jī)效率汽耗率給水焓熱耗率汽輪機(jī)總理想焓降凝結(jié)水的焓總的吸收熱量循環(huán)熱效率汽輪機(jī)總實(shí)際焓降內(nèi)效率熱效率3085723000000.9722204223.034011146.9648122.0191712.941137.773779.3130.453241487.440.868360.38264習(xí)題3（1）設(shè)平衡活塞壓力為P1，平衡活塞汽封漏氣量為DG1 假設(shè)調(diào)節(jié)級(jí)和平衡活塞汽封均未達(dá)臨界 查得，假設(shè)成立C時(shí)，查得（2）D=495mm的軸封最后一片達(dá)臨界查得 D=432mm的軸封未達(dá)臨界查得 （3）大氣環(huán)境：最后一個(gè)軸封未達(dá)臨界（4）方法如（1） 解得 （5）（6）要外泄，則 作業(yè)4（1）（2）假設(shè)調(diào)節(jié)級(jí)為臨界工況時(shí)， 算開閥點(diǎn)4后的流量： 每個(gè)汽門流量為： 閥點(diǎn)5： 每個(gè)汽門流量為： （3） 由0點(diǎn)等熵交P2于點(diǎn)2t，得h2t=3288.99kJ/kg閥點(diǎn)1： 由0