linux分區(qū)及邏輯卷劃分

1、劃分磁盤陣列和創(chuàng)建邏輯卷標(biāo)題內(nèi)容01創(chuàng)建磁盤陣列分區(qū)介紹如何創(chuàng)建磁盤陣列分區(qū)。02創(chuàng)建邏輯卷組和邏輯卷介紹如何創(chuàng)建邏輯卷組和邏輯卷。03綁定邏輯卷和裸設(shè)備介紹如何綁定邏輯卷和裸設(shè)備。1創(chuàng)建磁盤陣列分區(qū)任務(wù)說明執(zhí)行此任務(wù)可以手動格式化磁盤陣列并根據(jù)需要創(chuàng)建新的分區(qū)。本節(jié)以在雙機(jī)上創(chuàng)建分區(qū)/dev/sdc1為例，給出手動創(chuàng)建磁盤分區(qū)的方法。操作時請根據(jù)實際的安裝規(guī)劃調(diào)整分區(qū)的具體信息。操作指引創(chuàng)建磁盤陣列的磁盤分區(qū)操作步驟如下：步驟 1 以root用戶登錄主節(jié)點。步驟 2 檢查磁盤陣列的分區(qū)信息。# fdisk -l屏幕顯示信息如下（供參考）。Disk /dev/sda: 40.0 GB, 400

2、07756288 bytes64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 38154 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 1 1024 1048560 82 Linux swap/dev/sda2 1025 11264 10485760 83 Linux/dev/sda3 11265 38154 27535360 83 Linux255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylinde

3、rsUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDisk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition tableDisk /dev/sdc: 73.1 GB, 73139224576 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8892 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDisk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table從以上加

4、粗的信息可以看出磁盤陣列里的邏輯盤sdb和sdc沒有劃分分區(qū)。步驟 3 格式化磁盤。# fdisk /dev/sdc屏幕顯示信息如下（供參考）。The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8892.There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,and could in certain setups cause problems with:1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)2

5、) booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)步驟 4 查看fdisk命令的參數(shù)。Command (m for help):m屏幕顯示信息如下（供參考）。Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n

6、 add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionali

7、ty (experts only)步驟 5 查看磁盤/dev/sdc的分區(qū)表。Command (m for help):p屏幕顯示信息如下（供參考）。Disk /dev/sdc: 73.1 GB, 73139224576 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8892 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System步驟 6 給磁盤/dev/sdc添加新的分區(qū)。Command (m for help):n屏幕顯示信息如下（

8、供參考）。Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4)步驟 7 配置分區(qū)信息。1. 輸入“p”，設(shè)定分區(qū)為主分區(qū)，按“Enter”鍵。2. 輸入“1”，劃分/dev/sdc1分區(qū)，按“Enter”鍵。Partition number (1-4):13. 輸入柱面開始位置，按“Enter”鍵。First cylinder (1-8892, default 1):14. 輸入柱面結(jié)束位置，按“Enter”鍵。Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8892, default 8892):8

9、892步驟 8 設(shè)置分區(qū)ID。1. 輸入修改分區(qū)編號的命令。Command (m for help):t2. 輸入待修改的分區(qū)編號。Partition number (1-4): 13. 輸入分區(qū)類型“8e”。Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e步驟 9 查看磁盤/dev/sdc的分區(qū)表，檢查分區(qū)是否成功。Command (m for help):p屏幕顯示信息如下（供參考）。Disk /dev/sdc: 73.1 GB, 73139224576 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8892 cylindersUnits = c

10、ylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdc1 1 8892 71424958+ 8e Linux LVM步驟 10 將分區(qū)信息寫入分區(qū)表并退出fdisk命令。Command (m for help):w屏幕顯示信息如下（供參考）。The partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.WARNING: Re-reading the partition table

11、failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.The kernel still uses the old table.The new table will be used at the next reboot.Syncing disks.步驟 11 重啟操作系統(tǒng)。# reboot步驟 12 檢查磁盤陣列的分區(qū)信息。# fdisk -l屏幕顯示信息如下（供參考）。Disk /dev/sda: 40.0 GB, 40007756288 bytes64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 38154 cylindersUnits = cyl

12、inders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 1 1024 1048560 82 Linux swap/dev/sda2 1025 11264 10485760 83 Linux/dev/sda3 11265 38154 27535360 5 Extended/dev/sda5 11265 21504 10485744 83 Linux/dev/sda6 21505 37888 16777200 83 Linux255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1

13、5665 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDisk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition tableDisk /dev/sdc: 73.1 GB, 73139224576 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8892 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdc1

14、1 8892 71424958+ 8e Linux LVM-結(jié)束2創(chuàng)建邏輯卷組和邏輯卷任務(wù)說明執(zhí)行此任務(wù)可以手動創(chuàng)建物理卷、邏輯卷組和邏輯卷。l 上一節(jié)劃分了分區(qū)/dev/sdc1。本節(jié)在雙機(jī)上以/dev/sdc1為物理卷創(chuàng)建邏輯卷組oracledg及其邏輯卷為例，介紹如何手動創(chuàng)建邏輯卷組和邏輯卷。l 邏輯卷組oracledg的邏輯卷劃分以安裝規(guī)劃為準(zhǔn)。操作指引創(chuàng)建邏輯卷組和邏輯卷操作步驟如下：步驟 1 以root用戶登錄主節(jié)點。步驟 2 創(chuàng)建物理卷。# pvcreate /dev/sdc1屏幕顯示信息如下（供參考）。Physical volume "/dev/sdc1"

15、successfully created步驟 3 檢查物理卷創(chuàng)建是否成功。# pvscan屏幕顯示信息如下（供參考）。 PV /dev/sdc1 lvm2 34.06 GB Total: 1 34.06 GB / in use: 0 0 / in no VG: 1 34.06 GB步驟 4 創(chuàng)建邏輯卷組。# vgcreate oracledg /dev/sdc1屏幕顯示信息如下（供參考）。Volume group "oracledg" successfully created步驟 5 檢查邏輯卷組創(chuàng)建是否成功。# vgscan屏幕顯示信息如下（供參考）。 Reading a

16、ll physical volumes. This may take a while. Found volume group "oracledg" using metadata type lvm2步驟 6 創(chuàng)建邏輯卷。oracledg下的邏輯卷在自動安裝時只創(chuàng)建了前20個。在后來的使用中可以根據(jù)需要繼續(xù)創(chuàng)建余下的邏輯卷。# lvcreate -L 2048M -n lv_system oracledg# lvcreate -L 1024M -n lv_redo01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 1024M -n lv_redo02 oracledg# lvcr

17、eate -L 1024M -n lv_redo03 oracledg# lvcreate -L 2048M -n lv_tools01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 2048M -n lv_rbs oracledg# lvcreate -L 2048M -n lv_undotdbs01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 2048M -n lv_tmp01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 512M -n lv_users01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 2048M -n lv_index01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 256

18、M -n lv_control01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 256M -n lv_control02 oracledg# lvcreate -L 256M -n lv_control03 oracledg# lvcreate -L 128M -n lv_spfile oracledg# lvcreate -L 1024M -n lv_xdb01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 1024M -n lv_drsys01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 512M -n lv_example01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 2048M -n

19、lv_oracledg01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 2048M -n lv_oracledg02 oracledg# lvcreate -L 2048M -n lv_oracledg03 oracledg步驟 7 激活邏輯卷。# vgchange -ay oracledg步驟 8 檢查邏輯卷創(chuàng)建和激活是否成功。# vgdisplay -v oracledg屏幕顯示中有如下信息。（僅供參考） Finding all volume groups Finding volume group "oracledg" - Volume group - VG Name

20、oracledg System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 20 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 19 Open LV 6 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 136.23 GB PE Size 4.00 MB Total PE 34874 Alloc PE / Size 5856 / 22.88 GB Free PE / Size 29018 / 113.35 GB VG UUID uREPqr-6z

21、tw-UD7z-4uO2-pFk0-fm8C-1bjQ9w - Logical volume - LV Name /dev/oracledg/lv_system VG Name oracledg LV UUID xORLtM-qKRH-6eyU-c5VR-ev9s-i1eS-R3iOnS LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 2.00 GB Current LE 512 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors 0 Block device 253:

22、0 - Logical volume - LV Name /dev/oracledg/lv_redo01 VG Name oracledg LV UUID ZcRm28-Q2vP-aQIG-h6pu-q7gj-sm3Z-uz1xvD LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 1.00 GB Current LE 256 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors 0 Block device 253:1 - Logical volume - LV Name

23、 /dev/oracledg/lv_redo02 VG Name oracledg LV UUID U5ro3i-82IP-VLr7-1pt5-vd0P-1rLA-qceEH7 LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 1.00 GB Current LE 256 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors 0 Block device 253:2 - Logical volume - LV Name /dev/oracledg/lv_redo03 VG

24、Name oracledg LV UUID 2uvyu6-tnL5-b6s9-h1kx-B2oT-3hTd-mI2syv LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 1.00 GB Current LE 256 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors 0 Block device 253:3. - Physical volumes - PV Name /dev/sdb PV UUID 0gTLF7-Ua4g-Gg61-ryZ0-J117-jasW-JAp

25、8DH PV Status allocatable Total PE / Free PE 30719 / 24863屏幕顯示信息中第二行加粗表示oracledg創(chuàng)建成功。屏幕顯示信息中“Logical volume”段中加粗的“available”表示該邏輯卷已經(jīng)激活。-結(jié)束3綁定邏輯卷和裸設(shè)備任務(wù)說明執(zhí)行此任務(wù)可以將創(chuàng)建的邏輯卷與裸設(shè)備綁定。上一節(jié)創(chuàng)建了邏輯卷組oracledg及其邏輯卷，本節(jié)以在雙機(jī)上將邏輯卷組oracledg下的邏輯卷和裸設(shè)備綁定為例，介紹綁定邏輯卷和裸設(shè)備的方法。操作指引綁定邏輯卷和裸設(shè)備操作步驟如下：步驟 1 以root用戶登錄主節(jié)點。步驟 2 進(jìn)入raw文件所在目錄

26、。# cd /dev/raw步驟 3 檢查raw文件序號。# ls -al系統(tǒng)自帶15個raw文件，在沒有添加新的raw文件情況下屏幕顯示信息如下（供參考）。drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 408 Jul 19 14:32 .drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 182712 Sep 6 15:17 .crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 1 Jul 19 14:32 raw1crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 10 May 24 2005 raw10crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 11 May 24 2005 raw11cr

27、w-rw- 1 root disk 162, 12 May 24 2005 raw12crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 13 May 24 2005 raw13crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 14 May 24 2005 raw14crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 15 May 24 2005 raw15crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 2 Jul 19 14:32 raw2crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 3 Jul 19 14:32 raw3crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 4 Jul 19

28、14:32 raw4crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 5 May 24 2005 raw5crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 6 May 24 2005 raw6crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 7 May 24 2005 raw7crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 8 May 24 2005 raw8crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 9 May 24 2005 raw9步驟 4 檢查raw文件占用情況。# raw -qal 如果raw文件沒有被占用，則不會顯示信息。l 如果raw文件有被占用，屏幕顯示類似如下信息（供

29、參考）。/dev/raw/raw1: bound to major 253, minor 5/dev/raw/raw2: bound to major 253, minor 6/dev/raw/raw3: bound to major 253, minor 7/dev/raw/raw4: bound to major 253, minor 8步驟 5 創(chuàng)建邏輯卷需要綁定的裸設(shè)備raw文件節(jié)點。# mknod /dev/raw/raw16 c 162 16# mknod /dev/raw/raw17 c 162 17# mknod /dev/raw/raw18 c 162 18# mknod /

30、dev/raw/raw19 c 162 19# mknod /dev/raw/raw20 c 162 20l raw文件序號具有唯一性，新建的raw文件編號必須從“16”開始。l 邏輯卷組oracledg下創(chuàng)建了20個邏輯卷，所以需要20個raw文件，這里再創(chuàng)建5個即可。l 如果實際情況編號最大的裸設(shè)備不是raw15而是rawN（N是自然數(shù)），則這里從raw(N1)開始創(chuàng)建直到raw20即可。步驟 6 修改創(chuàng)建的raw文件節(jié)點的屬主。# chown -R root:disk raw16# chown -R root:disk raw17# chown -R root:disk raw18# c

31、hown -R root:disk raw19# chown -R root:disk raw20步驟 7 檢查raw文件節(jié)點是否創(chuàng)建成功，屬主是否修改正確。# ls al屏幕顯示如下信息表明屬主修改正確，注意加粗的地方（供參考）。drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 23 20:21 .drwxr-xr-x 34 root root 118784 Dec 27 17:44 .crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 1 May 24 2005 raw1crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 10 May 24 2005 raw10crw-rw- 1

32、 root disk 162, 11 May 24 2005 raw11crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 12 May 24 2005 raw12crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 13 May 24 2005 raw13crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 14 May 24 2005 raw14crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 15 May 24 2005 raw15crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 16 Dec 23 20:21 raw16步驟 8 綁定邏輯卷和裸設(shè)備。# raw /dev/raw/raw1 /de

33、v/oracledg/lv_system# raw /dev/raw/raw2 /dev/oracledg/lv_redo01# raw /dev/raw/raw3 /dev/oracledg/lv_redo02# raw /dev/raw/raw4 /dev/oracledg/lv_redo03# raw /dev/raw/raw5 /dev/oracledg/lv_tools01# raw /dev/raw/raw6 /dev/oracledg/lv_rbs# raw /dev/raw/raw7 /dev/oracledg/lv_undotdbs01# raw /dev/raw/raw8

34、/dev/oracledg/lv_tmp01# raw /dev/raw/raw9 /dev/oracledg/lv_users01# raw /dev/raw/raw10 /dev/oracledg/lv_index01# raw /dev/raw/raw11 /dev/oracledg/lv_control01# raw /dev/raw/raw12 /dev/oracledg/lv_control02# raw /dev/raw/raw13 /dev/oracledg/lv_control03# raw /dev/raw/raw14 /dev/oracledg/lv_spfile# ra

35、w /dev/raw/raw15 /dev/oracledg/lv_xdb01# raw /dev/raw/raw16 /dev/oracledg/lv_drsys01# raw /dev/raw/raw17 /dev/oracledg/lv_example01# raw /dev/raw/raw18 /dev/oracledg/lv_oracledg01# raw /dev/raw/raw19 /dev/oracledg/lv_oracledg02# raw /dev/raw/raw20 /dev/oracledg/lv_oracledg03步驟 9 使邏輯卷和裸設(shè)備的綁定永久生效。1. 編輯/etc/init.d/boot.local文件。# vi /etc/init.d/boot.local2. 在/etc/init.d/boot.local文件的最后添加如下信息。raw /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/oracledg/lv_systemraw