Unit1Alandofdiversity基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)新人教版選修8

1、Unit 1A land of diversity多元化的社會(huì)重點(diǎn)單詞1means n. C方法；手段(單復(fù)數(shù)同形) (1)means作為一個(gè)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，常與主謂一致結(jié)合起來進(jìn)行考查。要注意，means作主語時(shí)，前有every, each, one等修飾語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；前有several, some, many, few, all等修飾語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。means n手段；方法；mean v意思是；打算by all means當(dāng)然可以，一定，務(wù)必 by means of 依靠by no means 絕不，一點(diǎn)也不 by this means in this way用這種方法me

2、ans of travel /transportation交通方式way多與in連用，構(gòu)成in.waymethod多與with連用，構(gòu)成with.methodmeans多與by連用，構(gòu)成by.meansapproach多與to連用，構(gòu)成approach to.用means, method, way和approach的適當(dāng)形式填空。(1)He thought of an efficient_to the study of English idioms.(2)He solved the problem by this_.(3)She tried to find a_to solve the puz

3、zle.(4)We have no better ideas, so let's try your_.(5)By no means_such a good opportunity!Ashall I miss BI shall miss Cmiss I DI miss2majority n. 大多數(shù)；大半點(diǎn)撥：(1)單獨(dú)用作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)均可。The majority was/were against the plan. 大多數(shù)人反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。(2)單獨(dú)用作主語，如果后面的表語是復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。The majority who attended the meeti

4、ng yesterday are students. 昨天參加會(huì)議的大多數(shù)是學(xué)生。 (3)The majority ofThe majority of the damage is easy to repair. 這次的損失大部分容易補(bǔ)救。完成句子(1)._(大多數(shù)學(xué)生覺得) quite hard to live on the amount of money they get.(2). Eventually he gave in to the wish of the_.AmostBmajority Caverage Dcommon(3). Less than twenty percent of

5、the employees in their company are women. That is to say, women are in the_.AmajorityBactivity Cprobability Dminority3occur vi. 發(fā)現(xiàn)；出現(xiàn)(occurred, occurred) 某人突然想起以上結(jié)構(gòu)中主語不能是人，而是想到什么事情或it作形式主語。The idea occurred to him in a dream. 這個(gè)主意是他在夢(mèng)中想到的。It didn't occur to her to ask for help. 她沒想到請(qǐng)別人幫忙。It occu

6、rred to her that she might adopt a homeless child. 她突然想她可能會(huì)收養(yǎng)一個(gè)無家可歸的孩子。Her name just did not occur to my memory. 我就是想不起她的名字。運(yùn)用提升(1). It suddenly_to me that we could use the computer to do the job.Astruck Boccurred Chappened Dsaw(2). Why are you so late?I was in half the way when it_to me that I had

7、left my notebook home，so I had to fetch it.AoccurredBhit Chappened Dreminded(3). It had never_to him that he might be falling in love with her.Ataken place Boccurred Ccome about Dbroken out重點(diǎn)短語：1take in 包括；吸收；理解；欺騙take in 包括；吸收 take after長(zhǎng)相或舉止像(某個(gè)長(zhǎng)輩) take apart 拆開；拆散 take as看作，認(rèn)為 take away拿走；使停止，使離開

8、；使消失；減去 take back承認(rèn)說錯(cuò)了(話)，收回(諾言，話語) take down拿下，取下；記下來 take in接待(某人)留宿；欺瞞，欺騙；充分理解，掌握 take to喜歡上take off起飛；請(qǐng)假；開始有成就；開始受歡迎；開始成名 take over接管take on開始雇用；開始具有或呈現(xiàn)面貌；承擔(dān)(責(zé)任等)take up開始花時(shí)間從事(某項(xiàng)活動(dòng))；對(duì)產(chǎn)生興趣；開始學(xué)習(xí)(某課程)，選修；占用了(時(shí)間或空間)take a chance 碰碰運(yùn)氣，冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn) take.by surprise 奇襲；出其不意做某事，使驚奇（1）These teenagers don't k

9、now much of the world yet; that's why they were so easily_.Ataken in Btaken up Ctaken on Dtaken off（2）These teenagers don't know much of the world yet; that's why they were so easily_.Ataken in Btaken up Ctaken on Dtaken off2keep up 堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等)keep up with 不落后；跟得上 keep away (使)遠(yuǎn)離 ke

10、ep back 隱瞞(某事)；扣，留下keep down 控制，抑制(某事物) keep on(doing) 繼續(xù)(干) keep out(of) 阻止進(jìn)入；不卷入，避開（1）How long do you think the terrible snow will_？Sorry, I didn't listen to the weather forecast.Akeep out Bkeep on Ckeep up Dkeep away（2）You must_a good state of mind.Akeep up Btake up Cmake up Dset up3apply for

11、申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)示得到 (2)apply oneself to(doing)sth.專注于；專心做某事You cant apply for the job until you have satisfied certain conditions.在符合一定的條件之后你才能申請(qǐng)這一份工作。We had to apply to the government for financial help. 我們只好向政府申請(qǐng)財(cái)務(wù)援助。What you said doesnt apply to me. 你所說的并不適合我。He applied himself to learning English. 他專心學(xué)英語。（1

12、）To travel to the United States，you must first apply_the American Embassy _ your visa.Afor；to Bto；for Cfor；forDto；to（2）He would like to_the position as a salesman advertised in the newspaper yesterday.Await for Bstand for Csearch for Dapply for4. a great many很多，許多(修飾可數(shù)名詞)t seems that a great /good m

13、any of them are out of work now. 似乎他們中的許多人現(xiàn)在失業(yè)了。A great many of us dont like speaking English in class. 我們當(dāng)中許多人不喜歡在課堂上講英語。a good/great many后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，但a good/great many后接of時(shí)，必須加限定詞，如these/those/the/ones等，然后再加名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 （1）._the houses were knocked down in the earthquake.AA great manyBThe number of CA great m

14、any ofDA great deal of5. make a life習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等歸納拓展come to life變得更有趣；變得活躍 live/lead a.life過著生活come back to life蘇醒過來，恢復(fù)生機(jī) bring.back to life使蘇醒過來make/start a new life開始新生活The match finally came_to_life in the second half.比賽在下半場(chǎng)終于精彩起來。完成句子The young men in the rural areas have to leave for big cities

15、 to_(謀生)6mark out劃線標(biāo)出的界限There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists. 有一種專為旅游者選定的迷人的駕車旅游活動(dòng)。A volleyball court had been marked out on the grass. 排球場(chǎng)已經(jīng)在草坪上畫出來了。mark down記下；減價(jià)；給低分 mark up 漲價(jià)；提高分?jǐn)?shù)mark off 用界限隔開 mark.with 用在某物上做標(biāo)記be marked with 標(biāo)有的標(biāo)志練習(xí)：（1）We must_the tennis court ready for the

16、 match these days.Aflow out Bcome out Cmark out Dpoint out（2）A volleyball court had been_(標(biāo)出界線)on the grass.重點(diǎn)句型：1That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.這就是今天有超過40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語作為第一或第二語言的原因。句中的why引導(dǎo)的為表語從句，注意以下句式區(qū)別：(1)That's why. 那就是為什么(why從句表示結(jié)果)(2)

17、That's because. 那是因?yàn)?because從句表示原因)(3)The reason why.is/was that.的原因是(表語從句常用that引導(dǎo),而不用because)Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill. 湯姆開會(huì)遲到了，那是他病了。Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting. 湯姆病了，那就是他開會(huì)遲到的原因。The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he

18、was ill. 湯姆開會(huì)遲到的原因是他病了。運(yùn)用提升（1）The reason why I didn't go to France was_a new job.Abecause I got Bbecause of getting CI got Dthat I got（2）Have you heard the news that he was admitted into Beijing University?Yes，thats_he worked so hard all the time，so his efforts paid off.Awhy Bbecause Chow Dwhat（

19、3）Is this the reason_she explained in the report for her success in the job?AwhatBthat ChowDwhy2However，it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，土著美國(guó)人有可能在一萬五千年前就在加州生活著?！军c(diǎn)津】本句中it為形式主語，真正的主語為that從句。It is likely that.是可能的，此句型可轉(zhuǎn)化為：sb./sth.be lik

20、ely to do sth.某人/物可能做某事。Shes very likely to ring me tonight. Its very likely that she will ring me tonight. 她今晚很可能給我打電話。It is likely that the weather will be fine. The weather is_likely_to_be_fine. 天氣可能會(huì)很晴朗。possible，probable，likely在搭配上的區(qū)別：It is possible/probable/likely that 從句It is possible for sb.t

21、o do sth.Sb./Sth.is likely to do sth.練習(xí)：（1）Look, dark clouds are gathering. It's _to rain soon.Aprobable Bpossible Clikely Dperhaps（2）Studies show that people are more_to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.AlikelyBpossible CprobableDsureI.單詞拼寫1It

22、was_(顯然的)that the successful launch of Shenzhou drew the world's attention.2The_(大多數(shù))of people interviewed preferred TV to radio.3The_(改革) of teaching methods helps to the improvement of teaching quality.4As many as 200,000 head of_(牛)are raised in this area, which are likely to lead to the dama

23、ge of the environment.5Many_(申請(qǐng)人)applied for the wellpaid job, but none of them were accepted by the company.6A high fever_(表明)that a person's body is fighting disease.7The old man_(滑倒) on the icy road and broke his leg.8He is happy that he was_(選舉) monitor at the class meeting yesterday.9She ha

24、d looked everywhere for her children but they were_(到處都無) to be found, which made her very worried.10What does it cost to_(租) a car for a week?II.詞義辨析1Testing is still the usual_by which students' progress is measured.AwayBmethod Cmanner Dmeans2As we can see, in the nursing profession, women are

25、 in the _.Amajority Bnationality Cidentity Dpossession3What_of babies die of this disease in African countries every year?Apercentage Bamount Cnumber Dquantity4As the wages were low, there were few_for the job.Aenterprises Bapplicants Cpurchases Dprofits5I saw in the paper that another earthquake ha

26、d_in Sichuan, causing many deaths.Aslipped Breacted Coccurred Doccupied6The bell_the end of the class rang, interrupting our heated discussion.Ainserting Bindicating Cgoverning Dreflecting7It was_from her face that she was really upset.Better leave her alone.Aracial Babundant Cflexible Dapparent8Hav

27、ing been given such a good chance, how could she let it_away?Adrill Bclick Cscan Dslip9He earned his living by_himself out to whoever needed his services.Adragging Badapting Chiring Dbanning10She_her key into the lock, turned it but the lock wouldn't open.Ainserted Badopting Cstressing Dabusing1.：(1)approach(2)means(3)way(4)method A 解析by no means置于句首，句子采用部分倒裝。2. 答案：(1).The majority of students find it (2).答案B (3). 答案：Din the minorit