2015版新目標八年級上冊英語第一單元知識點歸納(共32頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上初二上冊英語第一單元知識點講解Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?一、重點詞匯與短語單詞anyone 'eniwn pron.任何人anywhere 'eniwe(r) adv.任何地方 n.任何(一個)地方wonderful 'wndfl adj.精彩的；極好的few fju adj.很少的；n.少量most mst adj.最多的；大多數(shù)的；something 'sm pron.某事物；nothing(=notanything) 'n pron.沒有什么n.沒有myself ma's

2、elf pron.我自己everyone 'evriwn pron.每人；人人yourself j'self pron.你自己；你親自hen hen n.母雞；雌禽bored bd adj.無聊的；厭煩的；郁悶的pig n.豬diary 'dari n.日記；日記簿(keep a diary)seem sim vi.似乎；好像someone 'smwn pron.某人；有人quite a few相當多；不少(后接可數(shù)名詞)of course vks 當然activity æk'tvti n.活動；活躍decide d'sad v.決定；

3、選定(decide to do sth.)try tra v.嘗試；設法；努力 (try to do sth. /try doing sth.)bird bd n.鳥；禽paragliding 'pærlad n.空中滑翔跳傘bicycle 'baskl n.自行車building 'bld n.建筑物trader 'tred(r) n.商人；商船wonder 'wnd(r) v.驚奇；想知道；懷疑difference 'dfrns n.差異；不同top tp n.頂部；頂wait wet v.等；等待(wait for)umbrell

4、a m'brel n.傘；雨傘wet wet adj.濕的；雨天的below b'l prep.低于；在.下面adv.在下面as z conj.如同；像.一樣enough 'nf adj.足夠的adv.足夠地；充分地duck dk n.鴨肉；鴨hungry(反full) 'hri adj.饑餓的；渴望的feel like(doing sth.)想要dislike ds'lak v.不喜歡；厭惡 n.不喜愛；厭惡；反感一、短語：1. go on vacation去度假 2.stay at home 待在家里 3.go to the mountains 去爬

5、山 4. go to the beach 去海灘 5. visit museums 參觀博物館 6. go to summer camp 去參加夏令營7.quite a few 相當多(只修飾可數(shù)名詞) 8.study for 為而學習 9.go out 出去 10.most of the time 大部分時間 11. taste good 嘗起來很好吃 12.have a good time 玩得高興 13. of course 當然 14.feel like 給的感覺；感受到 15.go shopping 去購物 16.in the past 在過去 17. walk around 四處走

6、走 18. because of 因為 19. one bowl of 一碗 20. the next day 第二天 21. drink tea 喝茶 22. find out 找出； 查明 23. go on 繼續(xù) 24.take photos 照相 25. something important 重要的事 26. up and down 上上下下 27. come up 出來 28. buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 為某人買某物 29. taste + adj. 嘗起來 30. look+adj. 看起來 31.nothingbut+動詞原形 除了之外什么

7、都沒有 32.seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起來 33. arrive in+大地點 / arrive at+小地點 到達某地 34.decide to do sth. 決定去做某事 35. try doing sth. 嘗試做某事 / 36. try to do sth. 盡力去做某事 37. forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事/ 38. forget to do sth. 忘記做某事 39. enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事 40. want to do sth. 想去做某事 41. start doing sth. 開始做某事 42. stop doi

8、ng sth. 停止做某事 43. dislike doing sth.不喜歡做某事 44. keep doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事 45. Why not do. sth.? 為什么不做呢？46. so+adj.+that+從句 如此以至于 47. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告訴某人（不要）做某事 48 .have a good time=enjoy oneself=have fun(doing sth.)玩得痛快二、句型1、buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth.為某人買某物2、taste + adj. 嘗起來 look+adj. 看起來

9、3、nothingbut+動詞原形 除了之外什么都沒有4、seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起來5、arrive in+大地點（如國家、省份、城市等） / arrive at+小地點（如學校、商店、車站等） 到達某地 get to+地點/reach+地點 到達某地6、decide to do sth.決定去做某事7、try doing sth.嘗試做某事（強調抱著試試看的心態(tài)嘗試某件事是否行得通） / try to do sth（強調付出努力并設法去完成）.盡力去做某事 8、forget doing sth.忘記做過某事/ forget to do sth.忘記做某事9、enjoy do

10、ing sth.喜歡做某事 10、 want to do sth.想去做某事 want sb to do sth11、start doing sth.開始做某事 12、 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 13、dislike doing sth. 不喜歡做某事 14、 keep doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事 keep on doing sth 不停做某事 15、. Why not do. sth. =Why dont you do sth ? 為什么不做呢？16、so+adj.+that+從句 如此以至于17、tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告訴某人（不要）做某

11、事18、enough+名詞：足夠的；充足的；從分的； 形容詞+ enough：足夠地；充足地；從分地 19、not really：真的沒有 20、seem to do sth 似乎好像做某事 21、Bye for now!到這該說再見了！22、.have a good time=enjoy oneself=have fun(doing sth.)玩得痛快keep sth+adj.使保持狀態(tài)feel like +n./v.ing sth 想要；想要做三、重點句子1. Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪兒度假的？ 1）這是一個由疑問副詞where引導的特殊疑問句。W

12、here用來詢問地點或場所，用于句首，其后跟一般疑問句。如：Where are you from？    Where does he live？ 2）go on vacation“去度假 ”He will go on vacation with his family. 他要和家人一起度假。【解析】 vacation v'ken n 假期 = holiday on vacation 在度假 take a vacation 去度假 winter vacation 寒假 summer vacation 暑假I have a lot of _every year

13、. (vacation)( ) Where did Sarah go on vacation? She went to America. A. on vacation B. take a vacation C. is on vacation D. is for vacation2、Did you go with anyone?你和別人一起去的嗎？這是一個一般過去時的一般疑問句。當含有實義動詞的一般過去時的陳述句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋾r，需借助助動詞did，此時后面的實義動詞應用原形。其句型結構為“did+主語+動詞原形+其它？”，肯定回答為“Yes,主語+did”，否定回答為“No,主語+didnt”

14、· 基本用法 pron. anyone 任何人，相當于anybody，通常用在否定句、疑問句或條件從句中。如： I wont tell anyone I saw you here. 我不會告訴任何人我在這兒見過你。 Why would anyone want that job? 為什么會有人想要那份工作呢？· 知識拓展-同類詞 some-any-no-every- 指人someone 有人somebodyanyone 任何人anybodyno one 沒有人nobodyeveryone 人人everybody 指物something 某物anything 任何事n

15、othing 沒有事everything 一切事 指地點somewhere 某地anywhere 任何地方nowhere 無處，沒有地方everywhere 到處 注意： (1)由some-, any-, no-, every-構成的符合不定代詞作主語時，都作單數(shù)看待，其謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 (2)不定代詞若有定語修飾，該定語要置于其后，作后置定語。如： Id like something to drink. 我想要些喝的。 Is there anything interesting in the book? 這本書中有有趣的東西嗎？小結：【解析1】someone smwn pron

16、某人 anyone eniwn pron 任何人 everyone evriwn pron 每人，人人3.visited my uncle 看望了我的叔叔visit是及物動詞，意為“拜訪；探望”,后接表示人的名詞或代詞。visit還可以意為“參觀；游覽”，后接表示地點的名詞。a.I visited my grandmother last week. 上周我去_了我的外婆。b.Do you want to visit Shanghai? 你想_上海嗎？ 拓展：visitor意為“參觀者；游客”。 These visitors come from America._4. How did you l

17、ike it？ 你覺得它怎么樣？【解析】 How do you like sth?= What do you think of sth? 或者“How do you feel about.？”，你認為.怎么樣？ Its/ theyre . I love/ like. I dont mind. I cant stand . 5.Did you buy anything special？你買特別的東西了嗎？【解析】 buy 及物動詞，以為“買；購買”，過去式為boughtbuy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.為某人買某物 My father bought me a bike

18、.= My father bought a bike for me. 我爸爸給我買了輛自行車。anything 不定代詞，意為“某事；某件東西”，主要用于疑問句或否定句中。 Do you want anything about it. 你想從我這里要些什么嗎？anything special 意為“特別的東西”，形容詞修飾不定代詞時應該后置。 Is there anything new in this book? 這本書里有新的內容嗎? Do you want anything else? 你還想要其他什么嗎？5、I didnt really see anything I liked. 我實在

19、沒有看到我喜歡的任何東西。這是一個省略了關系代詞that定語從句。主句為I didnt really see anything，從句I liked，修飾先行詞anything。因anything是不定代詞，故關系代詞只能用that,且that在從句中作賓語，因此可以省略。2.Oh, did you do anywhere interesting? 哦，你去有趣的地方了嗎？ (P2.2d)【解析】本句是did 開頭的一般疑問句；一般過去時中不含was/were 的句子在變一般疑問句時，需用助動詞did，原句中的動詞過去式需變成原形。 Did you have a party last night

20、? 你昨晚上舉行聚會了嗎？anywhere 用作副詞，意為“在任何地方” Did you go anywhere during the summer vacation? 你暑假期間去過什么地方嗎？注意：anywhere 與 somewhere 的區(qū)別anywhere 意為“在任何地方”，常用于否定句和疑問句中。 I cant find it anywhere. 我到處都找不到它。Somewhere 意為“在某處；到某處”，常用于肯定句中。 I lost my key somewhere near here. 我把鑰匙丟在這附近的某個地方了。6.Oh, did you do anywhere i

21、nteresting? 哦，你去有趣的地方了嗎？ 【解析】本句是did 開頭的一般疑問句；一般過去時中不含was/were 的句子在變一般疑問句時，需用助動詞did，原句中的動詞過去式需變成原形。 Did you have a party last night? 你昨晚上舉行聚會了嗎？anywhere 用作副詞，意為“在任何地方” Did you go anywhere during the summer vacation? 你暑假期間去過什么地方嗎？注意：anywhere 與 somewhere 的區(qū)別anywhere 意為“在任何地方”，常用于否定句和疑問句中。 I cant find i

22、t anywhere. 我到處都找不到它。Somewhere 意為“在某處；到某處”，常用于肯定句中。 I lost my key somewhere near here. 我把鑰匙丟在這附近的某個地方了。7. Kevin meet anyone interesting? 凱文遇到有趣的人了嗎？【注】不定代詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù) Is everyone here ?Did she go to the park with _last year? ( someone)【解析2】interest v 使感興趣 interesting adj. 有興趣的 interested adj. 感興趣的 b

23、e interested in=take interest in 對感興趣The students are _in these _books.( interest)【注】 以ing結尾的adj. 常用來作定語或表語，修飾物。 以ed結尾的adj.用來表示情緒，常做表語，修飾人Excited/exciting bored/boring relaxed/relaxing This movie wasnt _. He fell asleep half way through it.A. interesting enough B. enough interesting C. interested en

24、ough D. enough interested8.Grace buy anything special?格蕾絲買特別的東西了嗎？【注】形容詞修飾不定代詞，放在不定代詞之后9. I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事告訴你?！窘馕觥?something pron. 某事，某物anything pron. 任何事物nothing pron. 沒有什么；沒有一件東西【注】形容詞修飾不定代詞，放在不定代詞之后 ( ) Everything there _ interesting yesterday evening? A. was B. is C.

25、 were D. are( ) Did he do _ before?A. anything interesting B. interesting anything C. anywhere interesting D. interesting anywhere“Have you read today's newspaper" “Yes It's really boring. There is _in it.”A. something new B. nothing new C. anything new 10、We took quite a few photos the

26、re.我們在那里拍了不少照片。 take photos 意為“照相；拍照”。 Could you help me take some photos? 你能幫我拍幾張照片嗎？【辨析】：quite a few與quite a little quite a few意為“相當?shù)?不少”，修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)； quite a little意為“相當?shù)?不少”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。He will stay here for _ _ _days. There is _ _ _water in the bottle(瓶子).【解析1】 few / a few little / a little辨析否定肯定所修飾的名

27、詞few沒有，幾乎沒有 a few有幾個可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)little幾乎沒有。 a little有一點兒不可數(shù)名詞【拓展】few / a few用來修飾可數(shù)名詞，few表示否定，“沒有，幾乎沒有”；He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他這里沒朋友，他感覺寂寞a few表示有肯定， “有幾個”There are a few eggs in the basket.籃子里有幾個雞蛋。 little / a little用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，little表示否定，“沒有，幾乎沒有”。 There is little time left. Hurry up! 沒

28、多少時間了，快點兒！a little 表示肯定，“有一點兒”Can you speak English? Yes, but only a little. In our school, _ students like English, but _ of them can speak English smoothly.A. a little, a few B. a few, few C. a few, little D. a little, few John is getting very thin. He doesn'

29、t eat _ food.   A. many B. enough  C. few D. little Now teenagers are very busy with their schoolwork and they have _ time to do exercise.A. few B. little C. a fewD. a little11 I bought something for my parents , but nothing for myself

30、. 我為我父母買了一些東西，但是沒有給我自己買什么東西。【解析】myself 我自己【拓展】反身代詞(1)反身代詞的構成一、二人稱的反身代詞構成:形容詞性物主代詞+self/selves構成單數(shù)myselfyourself復數(shù)ourselvesyourselves 第三人稱的反身代詞構成:第三人稱賓格+self/selves單數(shù)：himselfherselfitself復數(shù)： themselves(2)反身代詞的常見搭配：enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time玩得高興teach oneself=learn by oneself 自學 by onesel

31、f =alone 獨自 help oneself to 隨便吃 introduce oneself to 自我介紹(3)反身代詞必須與主語保持人稱的一致。You have to believe in _.Thats the secret of success.(we) Im old enough to look after _ (我自己).Deng Ziqi won lots of fans for through the TV program I Am a Singer. A. she B. her C. herself The book is mine.I wrote my name on

32、 its cover_. A.myself B.yourself C.himself12. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax. 我的大部分時間都待在家里讀書和休息。· 基本用法 adj. most 多數(shù)的；大部分的；作代詞，表示“大多數(shù)，大部分”。如： Most people think so. 大多數(shù)人都這樣想。· 知識拓展-相關短語 most of 表示“絕大多數(shù)”，可用于如下結構中： most of the time“大部分時間”，其中most為代詞，意為“大部分；大多數(shù)；大體上”。Mos

33、t of the time Alan studies hard.艾倫大部分時間學習都很刻苦。 most of +物主代詞 +名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞 most of + 賓格代詞 注：most of 結構做主語，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于of后的名詞或代詞。如： Most of the students like reading the story. 大部分學生喜歡讀這個故事?！窘馕?】relax relaxed adj 感到輕松的，自在的 relaxing adj. 令人放松的 be relaxed about 對感到放松13. Everything tasted really good!所有的東西嘗起

34、來真的很好吃！【解析】 taste good嘗起來很好吃 taste 在此為連系動詞，意為“嘗起來”，其后接形容詞構成系表結構。 The food tastes really great. 食物嘗起來棒極了。 The milk tasted terrible. 牛奶嘗起來很糟糕。同類型的詞還有：與感官有關的look(看起來),feel(摸上去), ,smell(聞起來),taste(嘗起來),sound(聽起來)等；表示變化的become(變成), get(變得) ，turn(變成)等；表示某種情況或狀態(tài)持續(xù)的連系動詞keep(保持),stay(保持)等。(劃線部分均作表語) He looks

35、 very young.他看起來很年輕。 The cake smells delicious.這蛋糕聞起來挺好。 The story sounds true.這故事聽起來真實。 When spring comes, the days get longer and the weather gets warmer.春天來時，白天變長，天氣變暖。Florence Nightingale became a famous nurse.弗洛倫斯·南丁格爾成了一個著名的護士。Dr Bethune became very popular then.那時白求恩大夫變得很受歡迎了。His face tu

36、rned redder and redder.他的臉變得越來越紅了。Please stay happy.請保持高興。They keep busy.他們保持忙碌。14. It was wonderful! 它非常壯觀！【解析】 wonder wnd v 想知道 wonderful wndful adj. 精彩的( ) Dehong is a wonderful city in Yunnan province. A. clean B. beautiful C. noisy D. big15.It was my first time there.這是我第一次去那里。 【解析】Its ones fir

37、st time to do sth . 某人第一次做某事It was her _(one) time in Yunnan in 2014.16Did everyone have a good time? 大家都玩得很開心嗎？【解析】have a good time=have fun玩得開心，過的愉快，其后接V-ing, 同義短語還有enjoy oneself。 We had a good time at the party. 我們在晚會上玩得很開心。= We had fun at the party. = We enjoyed ourselves at the party.17.Did you

38、 go shopping? 你們去購物了嗎？go shopping意為“去購物；去買東西”，同義短語為do some shopping. I usually go shopping on Sundays.我通常星期天去購物。拓展：“go+doing”形式表示“去做某事”，常用于表達從事某一體育活動或休閑活動。go skating 去滑冰 go hiking 去 go sightseeing 去觀光 go fishing 去釣魚 go swimming 去游泳 go boating 去劃船18The only problem was that there was nothing much to

39、do in the evening but read. 唯一的問題是晚上除了讀書沒什么事可做?！窘馕觥?nothing much to do 意為“沒什么事可做”。 I have nothing special to do this afternoon. 今天下午我沒什么特別的事可做。拓展nothingbut 意為“除之外什么也沒有；只有”，but 后可接名詞或者動詞原形。I had nothing but a cup of tea this morning. 我今天早上只喝了杯茶。19Still no one seemed to be bored. (即使這樣)仍然沒有人看起來無聊?！窘馕觥?/p>

40、 seem 可作不及物動詞或連系動詞，意為“好像；似乎；看來”。Everything seems easy. 一切似乎很容易。拓展seem +形容詞“看起來“You seem happy today. 你今天看起來很高興。(系表結構)seem + to do sth. “似乎，好像做某事“。I seem to have a cold. 我似乎感冒了。It seems that/as if 似乎，看起來。如：It seems that he is sad. = He seems to be sad. 他似乎很難過CIt seems/seemed +that 從句 “看起來好像；似乎“。其中it為

41、形式主語，that從句為真正的主語。It seems that no one believes you. 看起來好像沒有人相信你。seem like “好像，似乎”。It seems like a good idea. 它好像是個好主意。(系表結構)bored 與 boring的區(qū)別bored ：厭倦的；煩悶的；感到無聊的。一般在句中修飾人，作表語。boring ：無趣的；令人厭煩的；單調的。一般在句中修飾事或物，可作表語和定語。Im bored with what he said. 我對他說的話厭煩極了。I find the story very boring. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個故事太無聊了。.S

42、till no one seemed to be bored. 但是沒有人覺得無聊了?！窘馕?】bore boring adj. “令人厭煩的，厭倦的”，其主語多是物一般在句中修飾事或物，可作表語和定語bored adj. “厭煩的，厭倦的” ,其主語多是人，一般在句中修飾人，作表語詞義辨析：look/seem/appear這些動詞均有“看起來，好像是”之意。appear: 指從感觀印象看似乎是如此，但有時著重指因視野、觀點限制而產(chǎn)生的歪曲印象。look: 指從樣子看起來，側重通過視覺而建立的印象。seem: 多指從主觀印象或個人反應得出的看法。20. went to a friends fa

43、rm in the countryside with my family. 我和家人一起去了鄉(xiāng)下一個朋友的農場。【解析】a friends farm是名詞所有格形式。一般情況下，表示“有生命的人或物”的名詞后面加s，表示所屬關系。 The red bike is Alices.那輛紅色的自行車是愛麗斯的。【拓展】：名詞所有格的構成：1）單數(shù)名詞詞尾加“s”，復數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s,也要加“s”： the girl s pen女孩的鋼筆 womens shoes女鞋 on Childrens Day2）復數(shù)名詞以s結尾的只加“”： the students reading room學生閱覽室 Tea

44、cherss Day教師節(jié)3）如果兩個名詞并列，并且分別有s，則表示“分別有”；只后一個名詞有一個s，則表示“共有”：Johns and Kates rooms約翰和凱特（各自）的房間 Lily and Lucys father莉莉和露西的爸爸4）表示無生命的名詞一般與of構成短語，表示所有關系a map of China一幅中國地圖 the name of the story那個故事的名字21. Did everyone have a good time?所有人都玩得開心嗎？【解析】 have a good time / wonderful/great time fun = enjoy on

45、eself 玩的開心,過得愉快22. What did Lisa say about?莉薩對說過什么？【解析】 say about意為“發(fā)表對的看法”。 I didnt say anything about it.我對此事什么也沒說。23. What activity do you find enjoyable? 你發(fā)現(xiàn)什么活動很有趣？【解析1】 activity æktiviti n.活動；(pl) 復數(shù)：activities Students like outdoor activities._( ) Are you free? Lets do some_ with Tom.A.

46、activity B. actors C. actresses D. Activities【解析2】enjoyable adj，意為“愉快的；快樂的”。 Im sure we will have an enjoyable vacation.我確信我們將會有一個愉快的假期。24. I really enjoyed walking around the twon. 我確實喜歡在城鎮(zhèn)附近散步?！窘馕觥縥oy n 喜歡 enjoy v 喜歡 enjoyable adj. 令人愉快的 enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事She enjoys _(listen) to the music.enjoy

47、 oneself = have fun = have a good time玩得高興，過得愉快( ) I am glad to be invited to Susans birthday party on Friday evening , Mum. _ yourself, dear! But remember to be back before 10 oclock. A. Help B. Believe C. Make D. Enjoy Children always have a good time at the Wetland Park(濕地公園) of Liu Panshui. A. e

48、njoy themselves B. help each other C. look beautiful D. have a big dinner25. I arrived in penang inMalaysia this morning with my family. 今早我和我的家人到達了馬來西亞的濱城?！窘馕觥縜rrive vi“到達”。 arrive in表示到達較大的地方，如國家、省、市等； arrive at表示到達較小的地方，如機場、商店、廣場、村莊等。（注：地點副詞home，here，there前介詞省略）【辨析】get/ reach/ arriveget to +地點=ar

49、rive in/at +地點=reach+地點同義短語或單詞： get to 到達； reach 到達 。若表示“到家”：arrive home或get home;“到那兒”：get there.( ) _the afternoon of April 30th ,many foreign visitors arrived _ Shanghai.A. In ,at B. On, in C. On ,toI arrive in Leishan last Sunday. A.reach B.reached to C.got to D.got to When will the plane _Shang

50、hai?Sorry，I dont know.A. get B. arrive at C. reachHenry, please call us as soon as you_ Hawaii. OK. Ill do that, Mom.A. arrive inB. are arriving inC. will arrive at26.It was sunny and hot, so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. 天氣晴朗且炎熱，因此我們決定去我們賓館附近的海灘。 v. decide 決定（過去式:decided 過去分詞:decide

51、d 現(xiàn)在分詞:deciding 第三人稱單數(shù):decides ） 常用于以下結構中： (1)decide to do sth=make up ones mind to do sth 決定去做某事 decide on (doing) sth. 決定什么 decide+從句（wh-疑問句或that從句）。如： We decided to go to New York next month. 我們決定下個月去紐約。 We decided on going swimming. 我們決定去游泳。 We cant decide where to go. 我么不能決定該去哪兒。 He decided tha

52、t he would buy a new computer. 他決定買一臺新電腦。· 知識拓展-相關單詞 n. decision 決定，make a decision表示“做決定”。如： I made a decision to study better. 我決定好好學習。 (3)make a decision on +n/doing (4) decide on 選定；決定【拓展】：1）decide后常跟“疑問詞+動詞不定式”做賓語。 He cant decide when _ (leave)他不能決定何時動身。 2）decide后常跟賓語從句。 I cant decide where _. 我不能決定我該去哪兒。 Harry has decided_ an online shop after graduating from school. A. open B.to open C. opened D. opening It