初二被動(dòng)語態(tài)

1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)講解一、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：amisare動(dòng)詞過去分詞 Cars are made by them. 一般過去時(shí)：waswere動(dòng)詞過去分詞The MP3 was bought by my father.一般將來時(shí)：will/shall/be going to be動(dòng)詞過去分詞  The bridge will be completed in ten days.  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：havehas been動(dòng)詞過去分詞 The meeting has been put off. 二、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)   含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變

2、成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。歌訣是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變動(dòng)，情態(tài)加be加“過分”。例如：   we can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. We  must finish this work soon. This work must be done soon.We have to clean the classroom. The classroom has to be cleaned by us.三、主動(dòng)語態(tài)

3、變被動(dòng)語態(tài)需要注意的幾個(gè)問題.（1）時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。I have repaired my computer.-My computer has been repaired.  （2）如果要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，并且這個(gè)執(zhí)行者可以作主動(dòng)語態(tài)中主語時(shí)，就用by短語，如果后面的詞表示地點(diǎn)，不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，就用in短語。It is made by us. It is made in Wuhan.(3)主動(dòng)句的主語是代詞的主格形式，變成被動(dòng)句by的賓語時(shí)要用其賓格形式。He cleaned the car. The car was cleaned by him.(4)疑問句的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，用b

4、e動(dòng)詞的對(duì)應(yīng)形式代替doDoes she drive this car? Is this car driven by her?（5）謂語為動(dòng)詞短語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不能丟掉動(dòng)詞短語的介詞或副詞。His best friend often looks after him.  -He is often looked after by his best friend.(6)主動(dòng)句中有一些動(dòng)詞如buy,send,give,show,offer,tell,lend,teach等，帶有雙賓語，一個(gè)是直接賓語（指物），另一個(gè)是間接賓語（指人），主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，可以把間接賓語變成主語，保留

5、直接賓語，也可以把直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，保留間接賓語，但此時(shí)一般在間接賓語前加一個(gè)介詞。My father gave me a book. (1)I was given a book by my father. (2) A book was given to me by my father.She showed me some photos.(1)I was shown some photos by her. (2) Some photos were shown to me by her.注意：有些雙賓語動(dòng)詞，如do,pass,sell,send,sing，bring,write等，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)

6、，通常以直接賓語作主語，保留間接賓語，其前面根據(jù)情況用介詞to或forShe wrote me a letter. A letter was written to me by her. 有些雙賓語動(dòng)詞如answer,save,envy(羨慕)等，通常以間接賓語作被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語，保留直接賓語。He answered me that question. I was answered that question by him.（7）主動(dòng)語態(tài)句中使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語為不帶to的不定式，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要加上to，這類的動(dòng)詞有make, have, let, notice， see， watch

7、, look at,  hear, listen to, feel help等。 Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes.  He was made to wash the dishes. I saw a boy cross the street . A boy was seen to cross the street.（8）It is said that+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動(dòng)詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe過去分詞t

8、hat從句”或“主語be過去分詞to do sth.”。有：It is said that 據(jù)說,It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that眾所周知，It is thought that大家認(rèn)為，It is suggested that據(jù)建議。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）四、謂

9、語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1、（1）英語中有很多動(dòng)詞如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash,cut,wear等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來描述主語特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式 表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well. The coats sell well. The knife cuts well.這刀好使。 The shoes wear long.這鞋耐穿。注意：主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：The door won'

10、;t lock （指門本身有毛?。㏕he door won't be locked （指不會(huì)有人來鎖門, 指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）（2） 表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out（出現(xiàn)）等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 （3） 系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Your reason sounds reasonable.2、在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 。（1

11、） 在need，want，require等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。 The house needs repairing（to be repaired）這房子需要修理。 （2） 在某些“形容詞不定式”做表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作

12、to work out省略了for me）. （3） 在too to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.五、下列情況不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：take place,happen,last,rise,break out,appear等The accident happened last night.（）The accident was happened last night.(×)2.系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)這些動(dòng)詞有：feel,turn,tast

13、e,sound,smell,look,get,become等。8B被動(dòng)語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、按要求改寫下列句子1.Is tea grown in South China？（改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)） people _ tea in South China？2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）A birthday present _  _  _  _by my parents every year3.The children will sing an English song. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))

14、An English song _  _  _ by the children.4.You needn't do it now. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))It _  _  _ by you now.5.People use metal for making machines. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))Metal _  _  _making machines. 6.He made me do that for him. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) I _  _  _  _ that for him. 7.Some Peopl

15、e noticed those workers making machines. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))Those workers _  _making machines.8.They often saw the boy watch the football matches last year. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))The boy _ often _ _ _ the football matches by them.9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))_ a bridge _ here by them a y

16、ear ago?10.Harry Jones designed the game. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) The game _ _ _ Harry Jones.11. He often makes us work for ten hours a day. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))We _ often_ to _ for ten hours a day.12.My parents buy me a birthday cake every year. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))(1)I _ _ a birthday cake by my parents every year.(2)A birthday cake _ _

17、 _ me by parents every year.13. We noticed him eating snacks in class. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) He eating snacks in class by us. 14. He plants many trees every year. (把句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) Many trees _ _by him every year.15. The teacher made him hand in homework before class. (把句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) He was _ _hand in homework before clas

18、s (by the teacher).16. He bought a CD-ROM last year. (把句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) A CD-ROM last year.17. He organizes activities of the Computer Club. (把句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))Activities of the Computer Club by him.18.Does everyone in the world know the Great Wall? (把句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) the Great Wall in the world?19.I gave him a present y

19、esterday. (把句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) A present him by me Yesterday.20.The workers built the bridge in 2004. (把句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))The bridge by the workers in 2004.二、 單項(xiàng)選擇1. Each year quite a lot of food_ around the world. A. was wasted B. is wasted C. wasted D. will be wasted2.The sick man _to hospital by the policeman an h

20、our ago. A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took 3.Elephants carry wood by people long time ago.A. was trained B. trained to C. train to D. were trained to4.Why are you so excited today? -We were told _ a picnic this weekend. A. have B. to have C. having D. had5. The meeting _ two weeks ago. A. ho

21、ld B. was held C. were held D. is held6.The thief _ by the police last night. A. caught B. is caught C. was caught D. were caught7. Last year Beijing _ by a big sandstorm.A. is hit B. were hit C. will be hit D. was hit8Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.    Im

22、sorry, but I _ when to meet. A. dont tell        B. didnt tell      C. havent told     D. wasnt told9 .Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China. A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed10. This listening materi

23、al, together with its CD-ROMs, well. A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold11. At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups. More chances to students to learn from each other.A. offer B. are offered C. have offered D. are offering12. a new library in our school last year? Yes, it

24、was.A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did; build13. What the plane often ? -A training centre.A. is; used as B. was; used to C. is; used to D. was; using as14.He was seen _ a bank just nowA. to enter B. to enter into C. enter D. entering into15.Were they heard _ at that time?A. talk and l

25、augh B. to talk and laugh C. talking and laughing D. talked and laughed16.The new flats in the centre of the town _ well. A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold17.The World Cup_ every four years. A. takes place B. is taken place C. is held D. Both A and C18.Old people are often _politely by the you

26、ng in our country. A. spoken to B. speaking C. spoken D. speaking19.Boys and girls, have you finished drawing the pictures? Yes, they_ a moment ago. A. have finished B. were finished C .are finished D. finished20.Mary didnt know where the birthday card_ and looked worried. A. was hiding B. was hidde

27、n C. hid D. hidden21. Tom by his classmates because he made a careless mistake. A. laughed at B. was laughed at C. laughed D. was laughed 22. They _ day and night.A are made work B are made to work C made to be worked D are making to work23. You may go fishing if your work_ .A is done B will be done

28、 C has done D have done24. These kinds of CD-ROMS_ in that shop over there. They _ well.A are sold, are sold B are sold, sell C sell, sell D sell, are sold25. Mr Chen has a loud voice. His voice can _ clearly even in that big classroom.A hear B be heard C be hearing D have heard26. - Do you like the

29、 flower? - Yes, it _ sweet.A smells B is smelling C smelt D is smelt27. English _ in many countries, but the Chinese _ their own language. A. speaks; spoken B. is spoken; is spoken C. is spoken; speak D. is spoken; speaks28. -How many cakes can I have, Mum? -None, dear. They _ for your father. A. pr

30、epare B prepared C. have prepared D. were prepared29. His new book has_.A come on B been come on C come out D been come out30. Food and clothes to the children in poor areas by the volunteers .A. hand out B are handed out C are handing out D worked out三、用（ ）里詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Young trees_(water) well every

31、day.2.Thirty bikes_ (repair) by Uncle Wang last week.3.This kind of machine _ (use) for cutting things.4. Many strange things (take) place every year.5.Rice _ (grow) twp thousand years ago by Chinese people.6.Information _ (keep) in the computer just now.7.Children under 1.2m in height should_(not t

32、ake)to the concert hall.8.Activities_(plan)to help the poor every year.9.Our classroom is so dirty and it needs_(clean).10 Jack is very funny. I am always made _ (laugh)11. The good news is that most of the cases of blindness can _(cure).12.Children should _(treat)with kindness.13.She was made _( wa

33、it) half an hour.14.Usually those letters_(write) in English in the past.15. Do you know that Oxfam _(set) up in the UK in 1942?16. A new film _(show) at Red Star Cinema yesterday.17. What_ your computer_(use) for? Sending and receiving e-mails.18. You may go out and play as soon as your homework _(

34、finish).五、完形填空1Now computers are very 1 among young people. Last week, we asked thirty young people 2 fourteen and eighteen. We asked how much 3 they usually spent on their computers in a week, but we 4 most interested in 5 they used their computers for.The usual time spent on a computer in a week w

35、as about twelve hours, with 6 user about thirty-two hours, and the lowest user only five hours.All the children said they usually used computers 7 . Fourteen children told us they did some word processing (文字處理) 8 . Only two of them said computers 9 their lessons, and eight children told us they kep

36、t addresses and phone numbers in their computers or used 10 to write diaries. Only three children said they were learning to make computer programs and nobody looked up databases (數(shù)據(jù)庫). None of them used computers for any 11 use.The 12 show that computer use is quite high among young people of 14-18

37、 years old. They also show quite clearly that computers 13 by most young people as little more than game machines. 14 , though computers are common in the homes of young people, they have not yet become 15 in everyday life.( )1. A. common B. cheap C. easy D. difficult( )2. A. among B. between C. fro

38、m D. about( )3. A. hours B. money C. time D. /( )4. A. is B. was C. are D. were( )5. A. what B. why C. how D. whether( )6. A. high B. higher C. highest D. the highest( )7. A. to read B. reading C. to play games D. playing games( )8. A. at times B. as usual C. in the end D. all the time( )9. A. found

39、 out B. worked at C. helped with D. looked over( )10. A. theirs B. them C. its D. it( )11. A. another B. other C. the other D. others( )12. A. ways B. questions C. reports D. results（結(jié)果）( )13. A. are seen B. have seen C. will be seen D. see( )14. A. More or less B. From now on C. By the way D. It se

40、ems to us that( )15. A. wonderful B. popular C. useful D. expensive2“Im really thankful to our government, for it provides us with such a good training program. The training greatly helps us live 1 . I will certainly study hard and learn the skills. Then I can help with my family difficulties and do

41、 good to other people.” a learner on the job training program said, feeling 2 .The learners grandfather is nearly 80 years old, and his mother is 3 in bed. So his father, who is a farmer, is the main 4 of the family. The family is 5 . The learner finished high school. The job training program helps

42、him learn skills that hell 6 in the work place. The story makes me think of another 7 . It goes like this: Long ago there was man who liked fishing very much, and was 8 to catch lots of fish every day. The man was kind, so he always 9 his fish with his neighbours who did not know how to fish. One da

43、y, he thought that it would be 10 if he told them how to fish. So he called his neighbours together and showed them 11 to fish. Everybody was very happy that they could 12 the fish they themselves caught.At present, there are still a lot of poor people in the world. But its not good if we give only

44、13 to them. 14 , we should give them a chance to learn new skills. So, a training is very important to people in need, and they will learn the ability to 15 money. People can a lot of useful things in the training program and what they learn can help them on the way to find jobs.( ) 1. A. well B. go

45、od C. fine D. nice( ) 2. A. surprised B. excited C. bored D. interested( ) 3. A. ill B. alone C. silent D. dangerous源:學(xué)科( ) 4. A. problem B. example C. relative D. support( ) 5. A. poor B. usual C. noisy D. careful( ) 6. A. repeat B. forget C. need D. test( ) 7. A. story B. learner C. family D. prog

46、ram( ) 8. A. afraid B. tiny C. sorry D. able( ) 9. A. shared B. cooked C. exchanged D. weighed( ) 10. A. easy B. great C. useless D. crazy( ) 11. A. what B. where C. how D. who( ) 12. A. feed B. save C. touch D. eat( ) 13. A. time B. fish C. food D. toys( ) 14. A. Next B. Instead C. Luckily D. Espec

47、ially( ) 15. A. pay B. give C. use D. make六、閱讀理解APerhaps youve seen the English letters “WC” in your city. They show public toilets. But doyou know it is far from elegant (優(yōu)雅的) English? In fact, foreigners from English-speaking countries rarely use the letters.Workers in our city are changing “WC” s

48、igns all over the city. The government is spending much money changing all the bad English on signs and restaurant menus. Many other places in China are following our steps.“WC, or water closet, is old-fashioned English. It sounds dirty to me,” says Charlie Shifflet, a young man from the US. The old

49、 sign will become “Gents/Men” and “Ladies/Women”.“I see lots of poor English in everyday life, and not only on signs,” he says. “I know what they mean. But they are Chinglish, not real English. For example, when someone says to me My hometown is Henan Province, I know he should say: My hometown is i

50、n Henan Province. Hometown is a smaller place in a province.” The common mistakes he picked up include “Not Entry”, which should be “No Entry”, “Direction of Airport” should be changed to “To the Airport”. And it is “room rate”, not “room price”. And remember to “Keep off the grass”, rather than “Care of the green”.( )1. What does the writer think of the use of “WC”?A. He doesnt think it means water closet.B. He doesnt think it old-fashioned English.C. He doesnt think it proper for a sign.D. He thinks it elegant English. ( )2. T