主謂一致用法總結(jié)

1、主謂一致使用主謂一致時(shí)，必須遵循三個(gè)原則，即語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。一、當(dāng)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)合不定代詞、單個(gè)不定式（疑問詞不定式）、動(dòng)名詞或主語從句以及表示“時(shí)間、價(jià)值、重量、距離、書名、影片名稱”等名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。例如：The curtains are closed and the living room is dark when Mom and Dad enter.Visiting a place like this is always very interesting.Why pleasant smells do not reduce p

2、ain in men is a question still to be answered by scientists.二、all（some, a lot, plenty, any, part, the rest, most等）of名詞作主語以及分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)構(gòu)成短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于of后的名詞或代詞。表示復(fù)數(shù)概念用復(fù)數(shù)；表示單數(shù)概念用單數(shù)。例如：As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing.One study says that 90% of o

3、ur time is spent watching television or using computers.While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her.三、在“名詞/代詞介賓結(jié)構(gòu)謂語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動(dòng)詞與名詞/代詞保持一致，介賓結(jié)構(gòu)看作插入成分。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的常見介詞及介詞短語有with, together with, along with, as well as, like, but, except, besides, including等。例如：Healthy e

4、ating along with regular exercise is probably the only way to become fit.Nobody but Tom and his father has ever been there.四、a number of / a group of / a variety of / a total of 等構(gòu)成短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而the number of / the group of / the variety of / the total of 等構(gòu)成短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：The low number of

5、 attacks that happen every year proves that sharks do not feed on humans if they have the choice.Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, work in the clothing industry.五、quality / pair / amount等構(gòu)成短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)quality / pair / amount的單復(fù)數(shù)確定。例如：With more forests being d

6、estroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has covered the land.六、and連接并列主語表示同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；表示不同概念時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；此外，and連接并列名詞時(shí)，如果名詞前有no / each / every / many a等修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。例如：Did you go to the show last n

7、ight?Yeah. Every boy and every girl in the area was invited.Professor James will give us a lecture on theWestern culture, but when and where hasnt been decided yet.七、當(dāng)表示復(fù)數(shù)概念的名詞或短語作主語以及表示總稱意義“形單意復(fù)”的名詞（如cattle/ police / people等）和常用作復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞（clothes / goods / shoes等）作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Traffic police

8、 are always very busy, especially at busy streets.八、one of名詞關(guān)系代詞謂語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；the (only) one of 名詞關(guān)系代詞謂語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.比較 Our English teacher was one of the top teachers who were praised by the headmaster.九、主謂一致的其它考點(diǎn)

9、：1. eitheror；neithernor；not only but also；notbut等連接主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要就近選擇。如：Either you or Jim goes there.2. there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，be動(dòng)詞后面有幾個(gè)名詞時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞跟最近的名詞保持一致。如：There is one table and two desks in the room.3. 某些單詞所表示的概念是由兩部分組成的，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但如果與量詞構(gòu)成短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)則取決于量詞。如：The trousers are too long. That pair of trousers

10、 is too long.4. 表示群島、瀑布、山脈等以-s結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但如果表示孤立的山則用單數(shù)。如：Mount Tai is great.5. 定冠詞與形容詞連用，用來表示一類人或物，作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The young are planting trees.6. population構(gòu)成短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；但被百分?jǐn)?shù)或分?jǐn)?shù)等數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The population of our town is bigger than that of their town, but most of the population in o

11、ur town are farmers.7. one and a half復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；one or two復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；many a(n)單數(shù)名詞及more than one單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。而more復(fù)數(shù)名詞thanone作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Nowadays many a person wants to go abroad.One and a half apples has been eaten by the boy.8. 集合名詞作主語表示整體概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；表示成員概念謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。常見的集合名詞有family

12、/ government / public / audience等。如：My family is a big family.My family are fond of pop music.9. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常根據(jù)句意來確定。常見的這類詞有deer / fish / means / sheep / series等。如：The quickest means of traveling is by air.There are various means of communicating with a stranger.主 謂 一 致 考 點(diǎn) 分 析 I一、 當(dāng)主語是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

13、、不可數(shù)名詞、(疑問詞+)to do結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)詞-ing形式、主語從句、復(fù)合不定代詞、表單位數(shù)量的時(shí)間、距離、金錢、重量、復(fù)數(shù)形式的學(xué)科名詞(physics, politics)、書名、國家或組織名稱(the United States, the United Nations)等，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。但what引導(dǎo)的主語從句所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(如：What we need are good doctors.我們需要的是好醫(yī)生。)如果強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：More than twenty years have passed since we graduate

14、d. 我們畢業(yè)后已經(jīng)過了二十多年。Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. (2010湖南)A. isB. are C. has D. have二、在“名詞代詞介賓結(jié)構(gòu)謂語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動(dòng)詞與名詞代詞保持一致，介賓結(jié)構(gòu)看作修飾成分。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的常見介詞及短語介詞有withtogether withalong withas well aslikerather thanbutexceptbesides / including / in addition to等。1. Dr. Sm

15、ith, together with his wife and daughters, _ visit Beijing this summer.(2009陜西)A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to 2. The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.(2006遼寧)A. is goingB. goC. goesD. are going三、 “all

16、a lotplentypartthe restmost/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)of名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式一般取決于of后的名詞或代詞的數(shù)。表示復(fù)數(shù)概念用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞，表示單數(shù)概念用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。1. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes. (2011安徽)A. is B. are C. was D. were 2. One-third of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of th

17、e citizens _ black people. (2011湖南)A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is四、 a number ofan average ofa total of等+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而the number ofthe average ofthe total of等+名詞構(gòu)成短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?！癮 great(large)small number of，many，a few，few, a good(great) many, dozens of, scores of可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)

18、構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。a little，little, much，a great deal of，a large amount of只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。(如：A great deal of petrol is wasted. )1. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since 1990.(2009山東)A. is B. are C. has been D. have been2. Nowadays, a large number of w

19、omen, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry. (2005遼寧)A. is working B. works C. work D. worked 五、 “one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。但“one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)后接定語從句時(shí)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而在“the only/ right/ very one of名詞關(guān)系代詞謂語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。1. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of

20、 the women who _ evening dress. (2010全國)A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn2. At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport _ that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.(2009江西)A. is B. are C. will be D. was 3. My father was one of the managers in the office that _ to attend t

21、he meeting last week.A. was invited B. is invited C. were invited D. are invited六、 eitherorneithernornot onlybut alsonotbut/or等連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由最靠近它的主語決定；在倒裝句中，謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由其后面的主語決定。1. Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.(2009湖南)A. areB. isC. haveD. be2. Is ever

22、yone here? Not yet. Look, there _ the rest of our guests! (2010江蘇)A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming主 謂 一 致 考 點(diǎn) 分 析 II一、 pairs ofamounts ofquantities of.等構(gòu)成短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；a pair of(表示一雙，一條時(shí))an amount of / a series of構(gòu)成短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。1. Why does the lake smell terrible? Because large qu

23、antities of water _. (2009福建)A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted2. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _ covered the land. (2001上海)A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; have二、 and連接并列主語表示同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，表示不同概念

24、時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1. A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (2006江蘇) A. is B. are C. was D. were2. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet. (2007浙江)A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided【注意】 如表示不同的概念，則要用復(fù)數(shù)。如：When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet. 三、由each.and (each)., every.and (every)., many a .and (many a )., no. and (no).等結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞