名詞性從句的引導詞有哪些用法怎樣

1、名詞性從句的引導詞有哪些用法怎樣 名詞性從句的引導詞引導詞是否在名詞性從句中充當成分的情況連接代詞： what, which, who, whom, whose連接副詞： when, where, why, howwhat, which在從句中作主語、 賓語、 表語或定語； who在從句中作主語、 表語； whom在從句中作賓語； whose在從句中作定語； when, where, why, how在從句中分別作時間狀語、 地點狀語、 原因狀語、 方式狀語連詞that否連詞whether, if否名詞性從句的引導詞在高考中的基本用法詳見下面的總結：1. 引導特殊疑問句的疑問詞在轉為引導名詞性

2、從句時, 即成為連接代詞(主要包括what, which, who, whom, whose)或者連接副詞(主要包括when, where, why, how).注意體會如下例句： Choose which you like best. 選你最喜歡的./ Who has taken away my bag is unknown. 誰拿走了我的包還不知道./ Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate? 你們是否已經(jīng)決定提名誰做候選人了?/ He asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allow

3、ed to go home. 他問什么時候可以允許吉爾伯特先生回家./ Where we can look up his address is still a problem. 我們在哪兒可以查到他的地址還是個難題./ Why he did that wasnt quite clear. 他為什么做那件事還不十分清楚./ How they will solve the serious problem has not been decided. 他們將怎樣解決這個嚴重問題還沒有決定.以下兩種特殊情況要給予特別關注：(1) what作連接代詞引導的名詞性從句既可以表示一個問“什么?”的問題, 也可

4、以表示相當于“名詞/代詞關系代詞引導的定語從句”結構的意思, 這種特殊用法在語法上被稱作“關系代詞型的what”, 注意體會如下例句：He is not what (=the person that) he was a few years ago. 他不是幾年前的他了./ This is what (=the place that) they call Salt Lake City. 這就是他們稱作鹽湖城的地方./ What (=the place that) is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world. 現(xiàn)在的北部撒哈拉

5、沙漠曾是一個文明世界./ Our income is now double what (=the income that) it was ten years ago. 我們現(xiàn)在的收入是十年前的兩倍./ The color of the flower is different from what (=the color that) it was in the morning. 花朵(現(xiàn)在的)顏色與它早上的顏色不同.(2) 帶ever后綴的疑問詞除引導讓步狀語從句之外, 還可以引導名詞性從句(“no matter疑問詞”的結構只能引導讓步狀語從句, 不可以引導名詞性從句), 注意體會以下例句： W

6、hoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight.無論誰想看這部電影, 今晚都可以和我們一起去./ You can give the ticket to whomever you like. 你可以把票給任何你想給的人./ All the books are here. You may borrow whichever (book) you like. 所有的書都在這兒, 你愿借哪本就借哪本./ Ill do whatever you ask me to do. 你叫我做什么, 我就做什么.2. that引導名詞性從句時后面接完整的陳述句

7、, that只起引導名詞性從句的作用而不充當該名詞性從句中的具體成分； 引導賓語從句時that?？墒÷? 但引導主語從句、 表語從句、 同位語從句時that通常不被省略.例如：She hoped (that) he would arrive on time. 她希望他按時到達.(賓語從句)That she was chosen made us very happy. 她被選中了讓我們很開心.(主語從句)I have the belief that I will succeed. 我懷有必勝的信念.(同位語從句)that, what引導名詞性從句的區(qū)別在于： that在其引導的名詞性從句中不充當

8、任何成分, 在有的情況下可以省略； what需要在其引導的名詞性從句中充當主語、 賓語、 表語或者定語, 而且引導名詞性從句的what在任何情況下都不能省略.例如：That he will succeed is obvious. 顯然, 他會成功.(引導主語從句的that不在其中充當具體的句子成分)What she told me is not true. 她所告訴我的都不是真的.(what在其引導的主語從句中作賓語)3. whether與if均可以引導表示“是否”之意的名詞性從句, 且whether與if均不在這種名詞性從句中充當具體的句子成分.在引導賓語從句時whether與if一般可以互

9、換, 但在引導主語從句、 表語從句、 同位語從句、 介詞后的賓語從句、 放于句首的賓語從句或者名詞性從句中包含or (not) 時通常只能用whether作引導詞.注意體會下列例句： I dont know if/whether I can help you. 我不知道我能否幫助你.(賓語從句)/ Whether we can really help you, I dont know yet. 我們是否真的能幫助你, 我還不知道.(位于句首的賓語從句)/ The teacher worried about whether he had hurt the girls feelings. 老師為是

10、否傷害了那女孩的感情而擔心.(介詞后的賓語從句)/ The question is whether they can cooperate with us. 問題是他們能否與我們合作.(表語從句)/ The question whether he should come himself or send a substitute must be decided upon. 他該親自來還是派人替他來, 這個問題必須定下來.(同位語從句)/ The little girl asked her father whether she should go to the party or not. 那女孩問她

11、的父親她應不應該參加這個晚會.(包含or not的賓語從句)注意： 肯定形式的doubt后面通常接whether/if引導的賓語從句, 否定形式的doubt后面通常接that引導的賓語從句, 例如： I doubt whether its true. 我懷疑它是否是真實的./ I doubt if that was what he wanted. 我懷疑那是否是他所想要的./ I dont doubt that you are honest. 我不懷疑你的誠實./ She never doubted for a moment that she was right. 她對自己是正確的這一點從不懷

12、疑.考題1 Could you do me a favor? It depends on _ it is. (2006北京)A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever答案 C解析 下劃線處的引導詞引導on后的賓語從句, 并且在該賓語從句中充當表語, 表示疑問句“What is it? (你要我?guī)偷拿κ鞘裁?)”的含義.注意： 題干中沒有用 “whatever” 進行強調(diào)的必要.考題2 I think its going to be a big problem. Yes, it could be. I wonder _ we can do about it

13、. (2002北京春)A. if B. how C. what D. that答案 C解析 下劃線處的引導詞引導wonder后的賓語從句并且在該賓語從句中充當do的賓語, if, that引導名詞性從句時都不充當名詞性從句中的句子成分, how引導名詞性從句時充當名詞性從句中的方式狀語, 因此應排除A、 B、 D而選出C.本題中what we can do about it可以理解為對應于疑問句“What can we do about it?”的名詞性從句, what引導的這種名詞性從句跟其他疑問詞形式的引導詞所引導的名詞性從句的含義相近.考題3 You can only be sure o

14、f _ you have at present: you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future. (2007安徽)A. that; what B. what; 不填 C. which; that D. 不填; that答案 B解析 第一個下劃線處應填入一個可以引導of的賓語從句泛指“你現(xiàn)在所擁有的東西”且在該賓語從句內(nèi)部充當have的賓語的詞, 這樣的引導詞只能是what, 由此可以直接排除選項A、 C、 D而選出B.考題4 _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. (19

15、96)A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what答案 A解析 名詞性從句what we cant get和what we have中what都充當賓語, 都屬于關系代詞型的what, 本身不表示疑問而表示泛指相關的事物； “what we cant get”相當于包含定語從句的“things that we cant get”, “what we have”相當于包含定語從句的“things that we have”.考題5 It is generally considered unwise to give a child

16、_ he or she wants. (1997)A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever答案 B解析 whatever在這里的用法跟關系代詞型的what一樣, 其引導的名詞性從句“whatever he or she wants”泛指一個孩子想要的任何東西.考題6 It was a matter of _ would take the position. (1998上海)A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever答案 A解析 下劃線處的引導詞所引導的名詞性從句充當介詞of的賓語, 在其引導的賓語從句內(nèi)部充當

17、的是主語(通常用who指代)而不是賓語(通常用whom指代), 而且題干中沒有提供強調(diào)“任何人”的語境, 因此應填入引導詞who.考題7 Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales, please? (2007山東)A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter who答案 C解析 下劃線處引導speak to之后的賓語從句, 表示“(負責國際銷售的)任何人”, 四個選項中只有whoever適合.考題8 Mary wrote an article on _ the team had fa

18、iled to win the game. (2005)A. why B. what C. who D. that答案 A解析 下劃線處引導的名詞性從句屬于介詞on的賓語, 在該名詞性從句中引導詞充當原因狀語, 所以應選A.考題9 Please remind me _ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. (2006)A. where B. when C. how D. what答案 B解析 題干中所有句子都圍繞時間展開, 因此應填入表示時間的when引導remind的直接賓語.考題10 Information has b

19、een put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. (上海2000)A. while B. that C. when D. as答案 B解析 陳述客觀情況的名詞性從句的引導詞之后是完整的陳述句, 引導詞本身不充當該名詞性從句中具體的句子成分, 有這樣用法的引導詞只能是that.本題下劃線處引導了information的同位語從句(為避免頭重腳輕, 本句中information的同位語從句與information之間被謂語動詞部分隔開).考題11 The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed