中考英語《短文填空技巧解析》課件

1、填空填空解題技巧解題技巧一、一、 填空的特點是什么？填空的特點是什么？完形填空是一種旨在考查學生語法和詞匯語法和詞匯知識綜合運用能力的典型題，難易程度與初中教材相當，詞數(shù)在180-250左右。文中平均每隔25個詞左右設空。學生通過推理判斷，綜合分析等將答案填入空白處，使短文前后連貫、意思通順、結構完整合理。 1. 1. 跳過空格，通讀短文，了解大意。跳過空格，通讀短文，了解大意。 2.2. 復讀短文，確定語義，判斷詞形。復讀短文，確定語義，判斷詞形。 A.)A.) 利用上下文的語境，結合所學過的知識利用上下文的語境，結合所學過的知識，先確定空格處所需詞語的意義，先確定空格處所需詞語的意義. .

2、 B.)B.)再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句中充當?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再中充當?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據(jù)詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則，判斷所填的詞的依據(jù)詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則，判斷所填的詞的正確形式。正確形式。 3.3.通讀短文，檢查答案。通讀短文，檢查答案。英語短文填空解題技巧：英語短文填空解題技巧：二、填空的設空規(guī)律有哪些？二、填空的設空規(guī)律有哪些？（一）（一）從文章結構看從文章結構看首句通常不設空，以便考生對短文前提和背景有個較清楚的了解，從而使考生盡快熟悉語境、推測文章大意。2. 短文設空平均密度為25個單詞一個空。中考完形填空拋棄了傳統(tǒng)

3、的“語法知識型”命題模式，轉(zhuǎn)變成“情境能力型”的命題趨勢。它的一個顯著特點就是突出語篇，即重在文意的干擾，把具體的語言知識具體的語言知識融進具體的語言情境語言情境中去，考查學生通過上下文對整體文意進行把握的能力。二、填空的設空規(guī)律有哪些？二、填空的設空規(guī)律有哪些？（二）從語言層次看（二）從語言層次看考點設計對把握語段的要求在提高。我們可以把考點分為三個層次，即句子層次、句群層次和語篇層次句子層次的設空句子層次的設空例：例：(2007年中考英語試卷 完形填空四選一 保留原題號)I 90 you were very busy then helping your friend get ready f

4、or her wedding I am sure it was a success.A. remember B. explainC. hope D. expect答案：答案：A指那些只需讀懂設空所在句便可選出答案的題目。二、填空的設空規(guī)律有哪些？二、填空的設空規(guī)律有哪些？2. 句群層次的設空句群層次的設空前制性設空前制性設空后制性設空后制性設空指根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容，經(jīng)過推理判斷可以得到答案的題目即根據(jù)上文有關內(nèi)容即可確定答案的題目。 指那些需要根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容才能選出正確答案 的題目/下文某處有提示。二、填空的設空規(guī)律有哪些？二、填空的設空規(guī)律有哪些？ 前制性設空前制性設空例：例：It was an

5、 English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to _ in front of all the teachers and students of my school! 后制性設空后制性設空例：例：1). Nobody _ him in the village. One day he said to them, “I know you dont like me ”2). Country music comes from _ kinds of

6、music. One is the traditional music of tall mountain people in the eastern United States. The other is traditional cowboy music from the American West.speaklikedtwo二、填空的設空規(guī)律有哪些？二、填空的設空規(guī)律有哪些？3. 語篇性設空語篇性設空 I work as a volunteer for an organization that helps the poor in Haiti. Recently I took my son B

7、arrett there for a week, hoping to 1 him achieved all Id expected. Soon he will celebrate his 18th birthday. He will be a man. (最后一句話)( ) 1. A. comfort B. please C. attract D. educateD指那些需要聯(lián)系全文的情境、內(nèi)容才能確定正確答案的設空。 考查方向考查方向: 正確理解和書寫英語單詞正確理解和書寫英語單詞 命題形式命題形式: 短文中短文中10個空需要填上適個空需要填上適當?shù)膯卧~當?shù)膯卧~.(wu首字母或中文提示首字母

8、或中文提示) 所占比例所占比例: 10空空 15 分分 特別提醒特別提醒： 所有的單詞都必須根據(jù)上下文所有的單詞都必須根據(jù)上下文來確定。必須注意詞形的變化，包括名詞來確定。必須注意詞形的變化，包括名詞的單復數(shù)、動詞的時態(tài)、形容詞和副詞的的單復數(shù)、動詞的時態(tài)、形容詞和副詞的比較級（最高級）等。比較級（最高級）等。中考英語新題型中考英語新題型短文填空短文填空詞形的變換冠詞：冠詞：a/an/thea/an/the基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞, ,序數(shù)詞：序數(shù)詞：1,2,31,2,3（基）（基）; ; 第第X(X(序序) )名詞：名詞：單復數(shù)形式單復數(shù)形式, , 所有格的用法所有格的用法動詞：動詞：時態(tài)時態(tài) 語態(tài)（主

9、被動）的變化語態(tài)（主被動）的變化形容詞、副詞：形容詞、副詞：比較等級的用法比較等級的用法代詞：代詞：單復數(shù)單復數(shù) 人稱代詞人稱代詞 反身代詞反身代詞 指示指示代代 詞詞 關系代詞關系代詞 不定代詞不定代詞 等的用法等的用法連詞：連詞：并列與從屬連詞的用法并列與從屬連詞的用法 詞形的變換名詞：名詞：單復數(shù)形式單復數(shù)形式, , 所有格的用法所有格的用法GZ is one of the most beautiful GZ is one of the most beautiful _. (_. (城市城市) )I met a friend of _I met a friend of _（她的）（她的）

10、. .All the _(All the _(綿羊綿羊) like to eat ) like to eat grass.grass.citiesherssheep詞形的變換動詞：動詞：時態(tài)時態(tài) 語態(tài)（主被動）的變化語態(tài)（主被動）的變化Everyone in our class _(Everyone in our class _(喜歡喜歡) ) watching cartoons.watching cartoons.Ill spend as much time as I can Ill spend as much time as I can _(_(讀讀) these stories.) th

11、ese stories.Yesterday we _(prevent) Yesterday we _(prevent) from getting to school by the heavy rain.from getting to school by the heavy rain.likesreadingwere prevented語態(tài)語態(tài)主動：主動：v/be/情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞被動：被動：be + p.p.詞形的變換形容詞形容詞 副詞：副詞：比較等級的用法比較等級的用法He can _(He can _(容易容易) swim across ) swim across the river.th

12、e river.Because of this, your name is Because of this, your name is _loved by your parents than _loved by your parents than you.you.easilymore詞形的變換代詞：代詞：單復數(shù)單復數(shù) 人稱代詞人稱代詞 反身代詞反身代詞 指示代指示代 詞詞 關系代詞關系代詞 不定代詞不定代詞 等的用等的用法法You can throw _, kick it or hit it.You can throw _, kick it or hit it.Taking too many

13、selfies(Taking too many selfies(自拍自拍) seems to ) seems to encourage(encourage(鼓勵鼓勵) people to only think of ) people to only think of _._.They are very good friends and they They are very good friends and they almost do _ together.almost do _ together.itthemselveseverything自己自己指示代指示代 詞詞it 它/這/不譯this

14、(這個), these(這些)指在時間或空間上較近較近的人或者事物that(那個), those(那些)指在時間或空間上較遠較遠的人或者事物不定代不定代 詞詞連詞連詞1 September 10th is T_Day.2. The f _ day of the week is Sunday.3. A good b _ makes a good ending.4.When you laugh ,you will o_ your mouth and your teeth.irstpeneginning5. Last Sunday，we played h_ in the park, though w

15、e were very tired. eachersappily6.He was very a with the man upstairs and began to shout，“Stop singing！”ngry10.In autumn after a strong wind, the ground is often covered with fallen l_eaves7.This book belongs to Mary. It is h_.9.For years,we played other peoples songs, b_ now we play mostly our own

16、songs.ersut8 .Mrs Green said to the twins,“Help y_ to some fish please. ”ourselves1. September 10th is Teachers Day.2.In autumn after a strong wind, the ground is often covered with fallen leaves.首先考慮名詞的單、復數(shù)，然后注意名詞所有格。首先考慮名詞的單、復數(shù)，然后注意名詞所有格。3.We could not run faster than cheetahs , so we _(發(fā)明發(fā)明)cars

17、and now we can move the fastest考慮動詞的時態(tài)。語態(tài)變化?？紤]動詞的時態(tài)。語態(tài)變化。4.When you laugh ,you will o_ your mouth and your teeth.inventedpenappily6.Summer is the hottest season of the year. 注意形容詞、副詞的比較等級的變化。注意形容詞、副詞的比較等級的變化。 5. Last Sunday，we played h_ in the park, though we were very tired. 8. Mrs Green said to th

18、e twins .“Help yourselves to some fish please. ”此處考代詞用法。此處考代詞用法。7. Help yourself to some fish，Jim. 9.This book belongs to Mary. It is hers.10.For years, we played other peoples songs, but now we play mostly our own songs.11. She didnt go to school yesterday ，because she was ill. 此處考連詞此處考連詞 Through s

19、ome efforts, rescuers cleaned up the ruins _（仔細）（仔細） which covered the mum. Under her body _(躺躺)her baby. The baby was in a small red quilt with yellow flowers. He was about 3 or 4 mold. B the baby was well (保護保護)by his mothers body, he was very safe. He was sleeping well when the rescuer carried hi

20、m out, and his lovely and pface warmed everyone around him. The rescuer found there was a mobile p_ in the quilt. When he looked at the screen, a message was already there. “My dear baby, if you could l, dont forget how mI love you. ” Everyone w_ saw this message burst into tears.rescuers (救援人員救援人員)

21、 ruins 廢墟廢墟 carefullylayonths protected ecauseeaceful iveuch hohoneFill in each blank with the right form Through some efforts, rescuers cleaned up the ruins _（仔細）（仔細） which covered the mum. Under her body _(躺躺)her baby. The baby was in a small red quilt with yellow flowers. He was about 3 or 4 mold

22、. B the baby was well (保護保護)by his mothers body, he was very safe. He was sleeping well when the rescuer carried him out, and his lovely and pface warmed everyone around him. The rescuer found there was a mobile p_ in the quilt. When he looked at the screen, a message was already there. “My dear bab

23、y, if you could l, dont forget how mI love you. ” Everyone w_ saw this message burst into tears.carefullylayonths protected ecauseeaceful iveuch hohone根據(jù)上下語境根據(jù)上下語境,判斷詞義判斷詞義:He was sleeping well確定詞義后確定詞義后,判斷詞形判斷詞形cleaned uprescuers (救援人員救援人員) ruins 廢墟廢墟 The idea of Fathers Day came from an A_lady cal

24、led Dodd in 1909. She wanted a _（特別的）（特別的）day to honour her father. He (撫養(yǎng)撫養(yǎng)) six children by h after his wife died during the birth of their s_ child. Dodd thought there needed to be a day to honour great and loving dads. Her father was born on June 19. so she chose to hold the first Fathers Day ce

25、lebration on his b in 1910. In 1924, US president liked the idea of a national Fathers Day. Finally, in 1966, the third Sunday in June was n _Fathers Day. There are many w to show your love and thanks.mericanixthsixUS presidentraisedimselfirthdayspecialamedays Step1 The passage is about . Step2 The

26、meaning of each blank Step3 The right form of each word Step4 Read the passage again to check the answersHonour 紀念紀念 Dear friends , Im sorry to hear that an earthquake happened to your hometown. The earthquake _(毀壞毀壞)your hometown. Lots of h_fell down and some of you cant see your families any longe

27、r. Please dont feel s_. You should believe in the Party, the government and the people in the country. You should be full of wishes b_ the Party, the government and the people are with you all the time and they take care of you. They try their b_ to solve your troubles. They give away their money an

28、d many t_to you and they _(捐獻捐獻)blood for you. So you should take care of y_. In the future, you should do something u_for our country to _( 回報回報) for their loves. Yours, XXX destroyedouses adecauseestourselvesanswerdonatesefulhingsAll around the world, people drink tea. But tea All around the world

29、, people drink tea. But tea does not _(does not _(意味著意味著)(1) the same thing to )(1) the same thing to e e_(2). In different countries people have _(2). In different countries people have very different very different i i_(3) about drinking tea. _(3) about drinking tea. In China people always have te

30、a _(In China people always have tea _(一起）一起）(4) (4) with their friends. They may drink tea at any time with their friends. They may drink tea at any time of the day. They only put tea leaves in their cups. of the day. They only put tea leaves in their cups. They They l l_(5) the tea with nothing _(5

31、) the tea with nothing _（其他的）（其他的）(6) in it. (6) in it. Tea is also Tea is also i i_(7) in Japan. It is very _(7) in Japan. It is very p p_(8) there. People drink tea every day. _(8) there. People drink tea every day. But they have it in a way different from that in But they have it in a way differe

32、nt from that in China. China. In the USA people drink tea at breakfast or after In the USA people drink tea at breakfast or after m m_(9). They usually use tea bags to make _(9). They usually use tea bags to make their tea. Making tea with bags is faster and their tea. Making tea with bags is faster

33、 and e e_(10) than making it with tea leaves in _(10) than making it with tea leaves in teapots. teapots. meanveryonedeastogetherikeelsemportantealsopularasier 2.26-meter-tall Yao Ming made his NBA debut (初次登臺初次登臺) on October 23, 2002 and got 6 points for the Houston Rockets in the game. The next da

34、y, he got 13 points in a_ game.Most people think that Yao Ming is a born basketball player. But Yao said, “When you watch it on TV, it looks very easy. But when you are playing in the NBA, it is r_ not so easy.” He said that joining the Houston Rockets was a new _（開端）（開端） and a new challenge. “I hop

35、e that through very h_ work I can make everyone happy and help the Rockets w_ more games,” he said.Yao Ming speaks some English. B_ he and his teammates can u_ each other. They dont think there is a language problem. While Yao Ming faces this new challenge, the people of Houston have shown great i_ in him， and they hope Yan Ming will bring new _ (活力活力) to the Rockets. The team has started having lessons to learn more about China, and many people who work for the Rockets have learned to speak some C_.nother eally startard in oth nderstand nterest energyhinese Thank you! Goodbye! We so