(完整版)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯與語(yǔ)法練習(xí)4：虛擬語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題—答案及詳解

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題5練習(xí)4:虛擬語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題Part I. Multiple Choice1. go downtown this afternoon, please post the letter for me.A. Had you B. Were you to C. If you did D. Shall you句意：如果你下午要去市中心，請(qǐng)幫我寄一下這封信。解析：這是省略了 if的條件句，完整的從句為If you were to go downtown this afternoon,從句是針對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用于表示禮貌客氣的態(tài)度。2. You didn ' t let me d

2、rive. If we in turn, you so tired.A. drove, didn ' t get B. were driving, wouldn ' t getC. drove, wouldn ' t get D. had driven, wouldn ' t have got句意：你不讓我開(kāi)車。如果我們輪流開(kāi)車，你就不會(huì)這么累了。解析：這是針對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事情的假設(shè)，開(kāi)車是過(guò)去的事情了，因此從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示虛擬，主句中用 would+have done的形式表示虛擬。3. If it for the snow, we the mounta

3、in yesterday.A. were not, could have climbed B. were not, could climbC. hadn ' t been, could have climbeD. hadn 'been, could climb句意：如果不是因?yàn)槟菆?chǎng)雪，我們昨大本可以爬山的。解析：這是針對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事情的假設(shè)，下雪及爬山說(shuō)的都是之前的事情，因此從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示虛擬，主句中用could+have done的形式表示虛擬。注意：此句中涉及一個(gè)it的句型。It is for一般用于引起原因，If it isn't for， 意為“要不是

4、因?yàn)椤?。此句中用了該句型的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式。4. The new airport if they had not stopped working on it.A. would completeB. had been completedC. had completedD. would have been completed句意：如果他們沒(méi)有停止建設(shè)，新機(jī)場(chǎng)早就建成了。解析：這是針對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事情的假設(shè)，因此從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示虛擬， 主句中用would+have done的形式表示虛擬。新機(jī)場(chǎng)是被建成，這里有一個(gè)完成 加被動(dòng)。5. If he his doctor ' s advice,

5、 he alive.A. had taken, might still have beenB. had taken; might still beC. might have taken; had still beenD. took; might still be句意：如果他聽(tīng)了醫(yī)生的建議，他現(xiàn)在可能還活著。解析：這是錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，從句說(shuō)的是過(guò)去聽(tīng)醫(yī)生的建議， 主句說(shuō)的是現(xiàn)在的 情況。因此從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的假設(shè)， 主句中用“情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 might+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)。6. If you in good health, I you go on a trip ye

6、sterday.A. were; would have letB. had been; would have letC. had been; had letD. were; had let句意：如果你是健康的，昨天我就會(huì)讓你去旅行了。解析：這是針對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事情的假設(shè)，健康狀態(tài)及旅行說(shuō)的都是昨大的事， 因此從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示假設(shè)，主句中用would+have done的形式表示假設(shè)。7. I lost your address, otherwise (or) I you long before.A. had visited B. have visited C. would have vi

7、sited D. should visit句意：我弄丟了你的地址，否則我早就去看你了。T解析：otherwise后面的句子是針對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事情的假設(shè)。因此用would+havedone的形式表示本想做但是沒(méi)有做。8. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody the rules.A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey句意：門口的保安堅(jiān)持要求每個(gè)人都遵守規(guī)則。解析：這是表達(dá)主觀意愿的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。insist在句中意為“堅(jiān)持要求”，其后的 that從句中用動(dòng)詞原形，表示這是主觀意愿。9. The bo

8、ss insisted that John unfit for his work.A. was B. is C. should be D. were句意：老板堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為John不稱職。解析：該句中沒(méi)有虛擬語(yǔ)氣，是直陳句，從句時(shí)態(tài)與主句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致，都為一般 過(guò)去時(shí)。句中的insist意為“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為、堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”，是堅(jiān)持自己的看法，而不是 堅(jiān)持要求別人要做什么的意思，因此表達(dá)的不是主觀意愿，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。10. The officer commanded (ordered) the damaged bridge before dawn.A. must be repairedB. would be rep

9、airedC. be repairedD. should have been repaired句意：長(zhǎng)官命令在天亮前修好損毀的橋梁。解析：這是表達(dá)主觀意愿的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Command/order后的that從句中用動(dòng)詞原 形表示主觀意愿。11. He suggested(advised, proposed) that the wounded to the hospital assoon as possible.A. had been sentB. should have been sentC. would be sentD. (should) be sent句意：他建議盡快把傷員送到醫(yī)院。解析：

10、這是表達(dá)主觀意愿的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Suggest/advise/proposef的that從句中用 動(dòng)詞原形表示主觀意愿。12. He came home with a smile on his face, which suggested that he _ work. A. should find B. had lost C. should have found D. had found 句意：他回家時(shí)面帶微笑，這意味著他找到了工作。解析：該句中沒(méi)有虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句的時(shí)態(tài)與整個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。句子是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而找到工作是在回家之前發(fā)生的，所以要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。該句中的 suggest意為“表明、

11、意味著、暗示”，不表示“建議”，因此不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。13. Most of the members demanded (requested, required, asked) that the meeting till after Friday.A. shouldn ' t put oB . not be put off C. wouldn ' t be put ofD. not put off 句意：大部分成員要求會(huì)議不要推遲到周五以后。解析：這是表達(dá)主觀意愿的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Demand等詞后的that從句中用動(dòng)詞原形 表示主觀意愿。這里相當(dāng)于是 should not be put

12、 off,省H&了 should。14. I wish I how to translate this sentence.A. knew B. know C. have known D. should know句意：我希望我知道如何翻譯這個(gè)句子。解析：這是表達(dá)非現(xiàn)實(shí)的愿望。 Wish后的that從句中，如果是針對(duì)現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間 而言，那么動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)表示非現(xiàn)實(shí)的愿望。15. -Has Fangfang been to New York? -No, but she wishes she. A. would B. will next time C. had D. had next time 句

13、意：芳芳去過(guò)紐約嗎？一一沒(méi)有，但是她希望她去過(guò)。解析：這是表達(dá)與過(guò)去事實(shí)不一致的愿望。 Wish后的that從句中，如果是針對(duì) 已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情而言，那么動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)不一致的愿望。該 句是一個(gè)省略句，完整的句子為 No, but she wishes she had been to New York由 于是對(duì)問(wèn)題的回答，所以省略了問(wèn)題中的相同成分，只保留了助動(dòng)詞had。16. I wish I the TV program last night.A. could watch B. have watched C. watched D. could have watched 句意：

14、我希望我昨晚看了那個(gè)電視節(jié)目。解析：這是表達(dá)與過(guò)去事實(shí)不一致的愿望。 Wish后的that從句中，如果是針對(duì) 已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情而言，那么動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)不一致的愿望， 如 果重點(diǎn)要表達(dá)遺憾情緒，也可以用“情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 +have done的形式。17. The two strangers talked as if they fiends for years.A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been句意：那兩個(gè)陌生人聊起天來(lái)就好像他們是多年的朋友一樣。解析：這是與過(guò)去事實(shí)不一致的比擬。as if從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表達(dá)與過(guò)去事實(shí)

15、不一致的比擬。18. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if (though) it. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. has been broken 句意：當(dāng)一支鉛筆一部分置于水杯中時(shí)，看起來(lái)就好像被折斷了一樣。解析：這是與一般現(xiàn)實(shí)不一致的比擬。as if從句中用過(guò)去時(shí)表達(dá)與一般事實(shí)不一 致的比擬，be動(dòng)詞用were。19. Look at the clouds, it looks as if it rain.A. will B. would C. were D

16、. is going to句意：看那些云，看起來(lái)好像就要下雨了。解析：這是接近于事實(shí)的比擬，不適用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷，下雨是很可能 就要發(fā)生的事情，所以不適用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。20. he were trying to teach them all he knew.A. It seemed thatB. They had hopedC. It seemed as ifD. They thought句意：看起來(lái)好像他要把他所知道的都教給他們。解析：根據(jù)后半句中的were得知，該句中有虛擬語(yǔ)氣，并且是針對(duì)當(dāng)前事實(shí)的 非現(xiàn)實(shí)的比擬，因此需要選擇一個(gè)能使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)。所給選項(xiàng)中只有as if 從句需要

17、使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其他結(jié)構(gòu)不使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。21. The doctor urged that she an operation as early as possible.A. had B. has C. have D. would have句意：醫(yī)生催促她盡早做手術(shù)。解析：這是表達(dá)主觀意愿的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。urge后的that從句中用動(dòng)詞原形表示主觀 意愿。22. Without your encouragement and support, we.A. should not succeedB. would not succeedC. would have succeeded D. would not

18、have succeeded句意：如果沒(méi)有你的鼓勵(lì)和支持，我們不可能取得成功。解析：這是轉(zhuǎn)化了的虛擬條件句，把if條件句轉(zhuǎn)化為without介詞短語(yǔ)，表達(dá)的 仍然是一個(gè)假設(shè)的條件，因此句中仍要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。此處，取得成功是已經(jīng)發(fā) 生的事，針對(duì)過(guò)去的事，使用“情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 +have done'的結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)假設(shè)。23. I think it s high time the children to school.A. goB. are going C. will go D. went句意：我想該是孩子們上學(xué)的時(shí)候了。解析：這是表達(dá)主觀意愿的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句型 it is (high) time t

19、hat從句中要用動(dòng) 詞過(guò)去式表達(dá)主觀意愿，有時(shí)也可以用“ should+動(dòng)詞原形”，但是should不能 省略。24. Given more time and money, he better than what it is.A. didB. had done C. could have done D. would do句意：如果有更多的時(shí)間和錢，他本可以做得比現(xiàn)在更好。解析：這是轉(zhuǎn)化了的虛擬條件句，把if條件句轉(zhuǎn)化為given引起的短語(yǔ)，表達(dá)的 仍然是一個(gè)假設(shè)的條件，因此句中仍要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。此處他做事情是已經(jīng)發(fā)生 的事，針對(duì)過(guò)去的事，使用“情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 +have done'的結(jié)構(gòu)表

20、達(dá)假設(shè)。25. The same thing, happening in war time,great disaster.A. will amount toB. amounts toC. would have amounted toD. would amount to句意：同樣的事，如果發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期，將會(huì)構(gòu)成巨大的災(zāi)難。解析：這是轉(zhuǎn)化了的虛擬條件句，把if條件句轉(zhuǎn)化為happening in war time分詞 短語(yǔ)，表達(dá)的仍然是一個(gè)假設(shè)的條件，因此句中仍要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。此處，是針 對(duì)一般情況的假設(shè)，因此使用針對(duì)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，句中用“情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形”表達(dá)假設(shè)。注意：該句中，

21、amount to sth是重點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，意為“相當(dāng)于、等同于、構(gòu)成”。Part II. Error Analysis1. Your director would have been inclined to favor your request if you would have waited for another occasion when he was less busy with other more important matters.修改： would have waited had waited句意：如果你能等到主管處理不太重要事情的、不太忙的其他時(shí)候，他是有可能愿意接受你的請(qǐng)求

22、的。解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句中時(shí)態(tài)判斷，找主管提出請(qǐng)求這件事已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，針對(duì)過(guò)去事情的假設(shè)，從句中應(yīng)該使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。2. He suggested that the methods popularized at once.修改：is popularized be popularized句意：他建議該方法馬上普及。解析：suggest后的that從句中用動(dòng)詞原形表達(dá)主觀意愿。3. It is important that every citizen who expects to cast his vote takes the time to evaluate the issues openly.修改：takes take句意：重要的是，每個(gè)想要投選票的公民要花點(diǎn)時(shí)間公開(kāi)評(píng)估這些問(wèn)題。解析：It is important that句型中，用動(dòng)詞原形表達(dá)主觀意愿。此處 that從句中 包含個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句 who expects to cast his vote that從句的主語(yǔ)為 every citizen,謂 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為take,只在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞上使用主觀意愿的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其他動(dòng)詞不涉及。4. The traffic was ver