文房四寶（課堂PPT）

1、123Four Treasures of the Study, Four Jewels of the Study or Four Friends of the Study is an expression used to denote the brush, ink, paper and inkstone used in Chinese and other East Asian calligraphic traditions. The name appears to originate in the time of the Southern and Northern Dynasties(420-

2、589 AD).45TypesTypes毛筆毛筆Ink brush6Different kinds of ink brush7Stalk筆桿: Usually normal bamboo, exotic(奇異的) brushes instead may use materials like gold, silver, jade, ivory, red sandalwood(檀香木) or spotted bamboo(斑竹). Hairs source: Normally the brush is made from goat, pig, mouse, buffalo, wolf and ra

3、bbit hair, while exotic ones can be made from tiger, fowl, deer and even human hair. 8Hairs texture(質地): soft hairs(軟毫)mixed hairs(兼毫) hard hairs (硬毫) Hairs size: Generally classified as either big (大楷), medium (中楷) or small (小楷).9It can be considered an unique one in the all kinds of pens. Traditio

4、nal ink brush is not only the essential(基本的) study tool, but also has the special charm and special taste in the expression of Chinese calligraphy(書法) and painting.1011墨墨Inkstick12 The ink stick is a form of artificial ink which was developed during the Han dynasty. Early inks were probably in liqui

5、d form, and therefore did not get preserved. The inksticks of today are generally made using soots from one of three different sources. These include lacquer soot(漆灰), pine soot(松灰), and oil soot(油灰). 13These soots are collected, and then mixed with glue(膠). The glue, soot, and spice mixture is then

6、 pressed into a shape and allowed to dry. This process may take upwards of 6 weeks depending on the dimensions(尺寸) of the inkstick.14Although ink gives an impression of very few varieties, it does the very vital tool for the calligraphy in the ancient. Under this unique material, Chinese Art concept

7、s of wonderfulness could be accomplished perfectly. In the ink world, it fulfilled with fertile characteristics inside without non-nutrition.1516宣紙宣紙Xuan Paper17Paper was first developed in China in the first decade of 100 AD. Previous to its invention, bamboo slips and silks were used for writing m

8、aterial.The paper which was considered of highest value was that of the Jingxian (涇縣) in Xuancheng(宣城), Anhui.This particular form of paper, known as Xuanzhi(宣紙), is soft, fine-textured, moth resistant(防蟲的), has a high tensile(可伸展的) strength, and remarkable longevity for such a product - so much so

9、that it has a reputation for lasting 1,000 years. 18As one of the four great inventions of ancient China, paper has spread to the world widely. Even in the prevalent-paper time , some of the traditional handmade paper still reflects its irreplaceable(不可替代的) role, glow with unique luster.Tough and ca

10、n run 韌而能潤韌而能潤Gloss but not slippery 光而不滑光而不滑Texture pure 紋理純凈紋理純凈 White dense 潔白稠密潔白稠密 Rub fold nondestructive 搓折無損搓折無損Embellish ink is strong 潤墨性強潤墨性強 1920硯臺硯臺The Inkstone21An inkstone ( (硯硯 ) ) is a stone mortar（研缽研缽）for the grinding and containment of ink.22 Duan inkstones (端硯端硯) Zhaoqing, Guang

11、dong She inkstones ( 歙硯歙硯) She County (Anhui ) and Wuyuan County (Jiangxi ) Tao(he) inkstones (洮洮(河河)硯硯) Tao River in Gansu Chengni inkstones ( 澄泥硯澄泥硯) Luoyang, Henan23Although inkstone is the forth place in the “four treasures of study”. In a way, it is the most important one for its solid texture

12、which can pass hundred years. So inkstone is the most common and most widely in this world.24The hometown of four treasures of the study25宣筆Xuan Ink Brush宣紙Xuan Paper26徽墨Hui Inkstick宣硯Xuan Inkstone27 E:資料文房四寶著名導演田文形象片作品之美在宣城.mp428To be honest, Xuancheng is not a big city,nor is it a modern city. But

13、 I firmly believe that, small villages have their unique beauty. I was born in the city , and I grew up in the city. Whatever it is, or whatever it is going to be, I love it consistently. I am proud of the city. A place like this is called our hometown.29China, an old country with a long history of 5000 years, has profound and splendid culture. And, I think compared with the popular culture, the traditional culture is significant .In my mind, the traditional culture is also popular, whats more, it will be always popular.30Important components of Chin