Chapter 5 Drive axle(34-38)

1、Chapter 3 power trainReview 1: Whats the function of drive shaft and UJ? To transmit the drive from the transmission mainshaft to the final drive pinion;To have some allowance for motion between the final drive and transmission. Chapter 3 power train1) The suspension connects the final drive assembl

2、y to the car body. The final drive moves up and down in relation to the engine and transmission. A coupling is needed that permits movement between the final drive and transmission. The universal joints (U-joints) and sliding joints Fig.3-8 provide this coupling. 懸架連接著主減速器總成和車(chē)身。主減速器相對(duì)于懸架連接著主減速器總成和車(chē)身

3、。主減速器相對(duì)于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和變速器上下運(yùn)動(dòng)，這樣在主減速器和變速發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和變速器上下運(yùn)動(dòng)，這樣在主減速器和變速器之間就需要萬(wàn)向節(jié)和滑動(dòng)聯(lián)軸節(jié)等連接裝置來(lái)允器之間就需要萬(wàn)向節(jié)和滑動(dòng)聯(lián)軸節(jié)等連接裝置來(lái)允許其相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)。許其相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)。Chapter 3 power trainReview 2: List the types of UJ (Universal joints). Non-constant Velocity Universal JointConstant Velocity Universal JointNear-constant Velocity Universal JointChapter 3

4、power trainCardan (Hookes) Universal Joint （十字軸式萬(wàn)向節(jié)）（十字軸式萬(wàn)向節(jié)）Double Cardan Universal Joint （雙聯(lián)式萬(wàn)向節(jié)）（雙聯(lián)式萬(wàn)向節(jié)）Rzeppa Universal Joint （球籠式萬(wàn)向節(jié)）（球籠式萬(wàn)向節(jié)）Tripod Universal Joint （三銷(xiāo)軸式萬(wàn)向節(jié)）（三銷(xiāo)軸式萬(wàn)向節(jié)）Weiss Universal Joint （球叉式萬(wàn)向節(jié)）（球叉式萬(wàn)向節(jié)）Flexible Universal Joint （撓性萬(wàn)向節(jié)）（撓性萬(wàn)向節(jié)）Chapter 3 power train2) Here two U-s

5、haped pieces are placed perpendicular to one another and joined with a simple cross Fig. 3-16. The U-shaped pieces are called yokes. The cross that connects them is called a spider. The arms that extend from the spider are called trunnions. The two yokes are at a 90 angle to one another. Most cars h

6、ave two universal joints, one at each end of the propeller shaft. 兩個(gè)兩個(gè)U形片垂直布置，通過(guò)十字叉連接在一起。形片垂直布置，通過(guò)十字叉連接在一起。U形形片稱(chēng)為萬(wàn)向節(jié)叉，連接萬(wàn)向節(jié)叉的十字叉叫作十字片稱(chēng)為萬(wàn)向節(jié)叉，連接萬(wàn)向節(jié)叉的十字叉叫作十字軸，從十字軸延伸出的臂叫作耳軸，兩個(gè)萬(wàn)向節(jié)叉軸，從十字軸延伸出的臂叫作耳軸，兩個(gè)萬(wàn)向節(jié)叉成成90布置。多數(shù)汽車(chē)采用兩個(gè)萬(wàn)向節(jié)，在傳動(dòng)軸布置。多數(shù)汽車(chē)采用兩個(gè)萬(wàn)向節(jié)，在傳動(dòng)軸的每一端各有一個(gè)萬(wàn)向節(jié)。的每一端各有一個(gè)萬(wàn)向節(jié)。Chapter 3 power train3) A shaft whic

7、h receives the drive from a cross type joint varies its speed during rotation; the greater the drive angle the greater the speed variation. A constant rotational speed can be restored by fitting a second joint in a way such that when the first joint increases its speed the second joint decreases its

8、 speed. 傳動(dòng)軸接收十字軸式萬(wàn)向節(jié)傳來(lái)的動(dòng)力，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)其速傳動(dòng)軸接收十字軸式萬(wàn)向節(jié)傳來(lái)的動(dòng)力，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)其速度發(fā)生變化。傳動(dòng)角越大，速度變化越大。要實(shí)現(xiàn)等度發(fā)生變化。傳動(dòng)角越大，速度變化越大。要實(shí)現(xiàn)等速，必須以某種方式安裝第二個(gè)萬(wàn)向節(jié)，這樣第一個(gè)速，必須以某種方式安裝第二個(gè)萬(wàn)向節(jié)，這樣第一個(gè)萬(wàn)向節(jié)使轉(zhuǎn)速增大，第二個(gè)萬(wàn)向節(jié)就使轉(zhuǎn)速減少。萬(wàn)向節(jié)使轉(zhuǎn)速增大，第二個(gè)萬(wàn)向節(jié)就使轉(zhuǎn)速減少。Chapter 3 power trainReview 3: List the main parts of driving axle. Chapter 3 power trainReview 3: Whats the f

9、unction of Final Drive? To reduce the speed of rotation To redirect the line of driveChapter 3 power trainSingle( reduction) final drive(單級(jí)主減速器單級(jí)主減速器)Drive pinionCrown gear( ring gear)主動(dòng)輪主動(dòng)輪從動(dòng)輪從動(dòng)輪Chapter 3 power trainReview 4: List the Gear Types of final drive. Spur Gear（直齒圓柱齒輪）（直齒圓柱齒輪）Helical Gear

10、（斜齒圓柱齒輪）（斜齒圓柱齒輪）Chapter 3 power trainBevel GearBevel Gear（直齒圓錐齒輪）（直齒圓錐齒輪）Spiral/Hypoid BevelSpiral/Hypoid Bevel GearGear（斜齒（斜齒/ /雙曲面圓錐齒輪）雙曲面圓錐齒輪）Chapter 3 power trainWorm GearWorm Gear（蝸輪蝸桿）（蝸輪蝸桿）Chapter 3 power train4) The hypoid gear is in common use today due mainly to the fact that the offset pi

11、nion allows the propeller shaft to be set below (for cars) , or above (for commercial vehicles) , the crown wheel center. This gives either a reduction in the propeller shaft tunnel, which causes a bump in the vehicle floor, or in the case of a commercial vehicle a reduction in the angle through whi

12、ch the universal joint has to operate. 現(xiàn)在的主減速器普遍使用準(zhǔn)雙曲面齒輪，這主要是因?yàn)橹鲃?dòng)現(xiàn)在的主減速器普遍使用準(zhǔn)雙曲面齒輪，這主要是因?yàn)橹鲃?dòng)錐齒輪的偏移允許轎車(chē)上傳動(dòng)軸布置得比從動(dòng)錐齒輪低一些錐齒輪的偏移允許轎車(chē)上傳動(dòng)軸布置得比從動(dòng)錐齒輪低一些，而商用車(chē)上又允許傳動(dòng)軸布置得比從動(dòng)錐齒輪高一些。這，而商用車(chē)上又允許傳動(dòng)軸布置得比從動(dòng)錐齒輪高一些。這就使得就使得轎車(chē)上轎車(chē)上傳動(dòng)軸通道傳動(dòng)軸通道(它會(huì)導(dǎo)致汽車(chē)車(chē)身地板形成凸起它會(huì)導(dǎo)致汽車(chē)車(chē)身地板形成凸起)位置降低，或者使得商用車(chē)上萬(wàn)向節(jié)工作角度減小。位置降低，或者使得商用車(chē)上萬(wàn)向節(jié)工作角度減小。Chapter

13、 3 power trainReview 5: List the types of Final Drive. Single reduction final driveDouble reduction final driveChapter 3 power train Thru-final Drivepenetrable final drive （貫通式主減速器）（貫通式主減速器）Two Speed double reduction Final Drive （雙速主減速器）（雙速主減速器）Chapter 3 power train Planetary Wheel Reductor （行星齒輪式輪邊

14、減速器）（行星齒輪式輪邊減速器）Chapter 3 power trainWheel (Hub) Reductor （輪邊減速器）（輪邊減速器） Spur Geared Wheel Reductor （圓柱齒輪式輪邊減速器）（圓柱齒輪式輪邊減速器）Chapter 3 power train5) Large crown wheels reduce the ground clearance under the differential. In the case of pinion axles and planetary-hub reduction axles, the differential a

15、nd the half-shafts can be made smaller by splitting the reduction. This makes it possible, even in the case of high power outputs, to achieve sufficient ground clearance of the vehicle.從動(dòng)錐齒輪尺寸大，就降低了汽車(chē)的離地間隙。如果采從動(dòng)錐齒輪尺寸大，就降低了汽車(chē)的離地間隙。如果采用行星齒輪式輪邊減速器，通過(guò)分級(jí)減速的形式可極大用行星齒輪式輪邊減速器，通過(guò)分級(jí)減速的形式可極大減小差速器和半軸的尺寸。這樣，汽車(chē)即使

16、要求大功率減小差速器和半軸的尺寸。這樣，汽車(chē)即使要求大功率輸出也可以獲得足夠大的離地間隙。輸出也可以獲得足夠大的離地間隙。Chapter 3 power train6)(選講選講)Planetary gears are used mainly in final drives, rear-mounted splitter boxes and, above all, in automatic transmissions. The simplest form of planetary gear (the planetary-gear train) consists of sun gear, ring

17、 gear and arm with planet gears. Each of the three elements may act as drive, output or may be at rest. Therefore, great variation is possible as regards the transmission ratio, ranging as far as a reversal of the direction of rotation. The parallel meshing of several gears under load permits a comp

18、act construction.行星齒輪系主要應(yīng)用在主減速器、后置副變速器和自動(dòng)變速器上行星齒輪系主要應(yīng)用在主減速器、后置副變速器和自動(dòng)變速器上。最簡(jiǎn)單的行星齒輪系統(tǒng)由太陽(yáng)輪、齒圈、行星輪臂組成。三部。最簡(jiǎn)單的行星齒輪系統(tǒng)由太陽(yáng)輪、齒圈、行星輪臂組成。三部件中任意一個(gè)都可作輸入、輸出或保持靜止。這樣，依照變速比件中任意一個(gè)都可作輸入、輸出或保持靜止。這樣，依照變速比的不同可得到較大的變速范圍，汽車(chē)的倒行也能實(shí)現(xiàn)。承載齒輪的不同可得到較大的變速范圍，汽車(chē)的倒行也能實(shí)現(xiàn)。承載齒輪的平行嚙合使行星輪系結(jié)構(gòu)較緊湊。的平行嚙合使行星輪系結(jié)構(gòu)較緊湊。Chapter 3 power trainReview

19、 6: Whats the function of Differential? To allow the driving wheels rotate in different speeds.side gear半軸齒輪半軸齒輪half shaft /axle shanfe 半軸半軸Case (carrieer) 差速器殼差速器殼pinion （spider）gear /planetary pinion 行星齒輪行星齒輪Pinion shaft 行星行星(主主)齒輪軸齒輪軸driven gearside gear 半軸齒輪半軸齒輪pinion gear行星齒輪行星齒輪Chapter 3 power

20、 trainChapter 3 power train7) When a vehicle is cornered the inner wheel moves through a shorter distance than the outer wheel. This means that the inner wheel must slow down and the outer wheel must speed up. During this period it is desirable that each driving wheel maintains its driving action. T

21、he differential performs these two tasks.當(dāng)汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)，內(nèi)側(cè)車(chē)輪比外側(cè)車(chē)輪行駛的距離要短當(dāng)汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)，內(nèi)側(cè)車(chē)輪比外側(cè)車(chē)輪行駛的距離要短，這說(shuō)明內(nèi)側(cè)車(chē)輪比外側(cè)車(chē)輪轉(zhuǎn)得要慢。在此期間，這說(shuō)明內(nèi)側(cè)車(chē)輪比外側(cè)車(chē)輪轉(zhuǎn)得要慢。在此期間，維持每個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)車(chē)輪的行駛狀態(tài)是很重要的。這兩個(gè)任維持每個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)車(chē)輪的行駛狀態(tài)是很重要的。這兩個(gè)任務(wù)由差速器來(lái)完成。務(wù)由差速器來(lái)完成。Chapter 3 power train8) When the vehicle is travelling straight, the lever will divide the driving force

22、 equally and both discs will move the same amount. When the vehicle corners, the driving force will still be divided equally but the inner disc will now move through a smaller distance; this will cause the lever to pivot about its center which will prize forward the outer disc to give it a greater m

23、ovement. This action shows that the torque applied to each driving wheel is always equal - hence the differential is sometimes called a torque equalizer.汽車(chē)直行時(shí)，杠桿平均分配驅(qū)動(dòng)力，兩個(gè)圓盤(pán)移動(dòng)相同的汽車(chē)直行時(shí)，杠桿平均分配驅(qū)動(dòng)力，兩個(gè)圓盤(pán)移動(dòng)相同的距離。汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)驅(qū)動(dòng)力仍然會(huì)平均分配，但是內(nèi)側(cè)圓盤(pán)距離。汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)驅(qū)動(dòng)力仍然會(huì)平均分配，但是內(nèi)側(cè)圓盤(pán)移動(dòng)的距離要小一些，這使得杠桿繞中心轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，推動(dòng)外側(cè)移動(dòng)的距離要小一些，這使得杠桿繞中心轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，推

24、動(dòng)外側(cè)圓盤(pán)使之移動(dòng)更大的距離。這個(gè)過(guò)程表明扭矩總是平均分圓盤(pán)使之移動(dòng)更大的距離。這個(gè)過(guò)程表明扭矩總是平均分配給每個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)輪，因此差速器有時(shí)也叫做扭矩平衡裝置。配給每個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)輪，因此差速器有時(shí)也叫做扭矩平衡裝置。Chapter 3 power trainLimited Slip Differential (LSD): （防滑式差速器）（防滑式差速器）Locking Differential （強(qiáng)制鎖止式差速器）（強(qiáng)制鎖止式差速器）Multi-disc Selflocking Differential （摩擦片式自鎖差速器）（摩擦片式自鎖差速器）Chapter 3 power trainReview

25、8: Whats the functions of Interaxial Differential? To allow the driving axles rotate in different speeds.Chapter 3 power trainTorsen DifferentialChapter 3 power train1、整體式橋殼、整體式橋殼Separable carrier type axle housing / banio axle housing 與主減速器殼分開(kāi)制造而用螺栓連接在一起的橋殼。與主減速器殼分開(kāi)制造而用螺栓連接在一起的橋殼。2、可分式橋殼、可分式橋殼Trumpet Type axle housing / split axle housing 與主減速器鑄成一體，并在兩個(gè)或多個(gè)鑄件的接合處用螺與主減速器鑄成一體，并在兩個(gè)或多個(gè)鑄件的接合處用螺栓