英式英語和美式英語的區(qū)別

1、American: elevator（電梯） British: lift American: sidewalk（人行道）British: pavement American: apartment（公寓）British: flat American: movie theater（電影院）British: cinemaAmerican: eggplant（茄子）British: aubergine American: cookie（餅干）British: biscuit American: french fries（薯條）British: chips American: chips（薯條或薯片）B

2、ritish: crispsAmerican: pants（褲子）British: trousers American: trash can, garbage can（垃圾桶）British: dustbin American: two weeks（兩周）British: a fortnight 語言提示：pants（褲子）一詞在英國有特殊含義，它指的是男士underwear（內(nèi)褲）。美式英語和英式英語的語法差異 美式英語和英式英語的語法大部分相同，不過還是有一些差異。雖然這些差異不一定都很明顯，但如果能認出它們是很有幫助的。 美國人通常用have來表示擁有（財產(chǎn)）；而說英

3、國人有時會有have got。 American: I have a car. British: I've got a car.    American: Do you have a cellphone? British: Have you got a mobile phone?美國人經(jīng)常用一般過去式表示最近發(fā)生的事。相比之下，英國人常用現(xiàn)在完成時。 American: Elijah already 

4、;returned from London.British: Ella has already returned from New York.  American: I just went shopping.British: I've just been shopping. 在遇到例如 team 和 family 這樣的集合名詞時，說美式英語的人用動詞的單數(shù)形式，而說英式英語的人則用復數(shù)形式。 Am

5、erican: My son's team is the best.British: My daughter's team are the best.  American: Her family volunteers at the local library.British: Her family volunteer at the local library. 美國人和英國人對于介詞的用法也不盡相同。 American:

6、 My grandparents visit on the weekends.British: My grandparents visit at the weekends.  American: Sofia played on our soccer team.British: Sofia played in our football team. 美國人經(jīng)常使用動詞take+賓語表示日?；顒?。相比之下，英國人通常使用動詞have+賓語。 

7、American: Let's take a break.British: Let's have a break.  American: I'm going to take a shower.British: I'm going to have a shower.  文化提示：有時候人們會認為英式英語更正式，而美式英語更隨意。然而事實并非如此；它們只是某些方面不一樣罷了。 討論表述事物的方法 使用這些表達來詢問和解釋如何表述事物。 A

8、: What's the British English word for 'eggplant'?英式英語里“茄子”用哪個詞？B: The British English equivalent is 'aubergine.'英式英語里“茄子”是“aubergine”。 A: How do you say 'trash can' in British English?英式英語里“垃圾桶”怎么說？B: We call it the 'dustbin.'我們管它叫“dustbin”。 A: Is it correct to sa

9、y 'at the weekend' in American English?美式英語里“at the weekend”（在周末）是正確的說法嗎？B: No, we don't really say it like that. We use 'on the weekend.'不是的，我們一般不這么說。我們會說“on the weekend”（在周末）。 A: Can you tell me where the lift is?你能告訴我lift（電梯）在哪嗎？B: Sure, it's right over there. But 'lif

10、t' has a different meaning in the US. Here, we say 'elevator.'當然，就在那邊。但是“l(fā)ift”在美國有不同的意思。我們這管它叫“elevator”。 If you travel in China, you'll certainly hear people speaking Chinese. It's also likely, however, that you will hear a foreign language English spoken, for example, between a

11、 Brazilian consultant collaborating with a Chinese entrepreneur, or a Swedish translator meeting a Nigerian CEO. English is a world language that has created a new global community of people who can communicate with each other. Nearly 100 countries identify English as their main language, as an offi

12、cial language or as a language of government. About 1 billion people worldwide say they speak English.Most people would agree that English plays a major role in the business world. Many companies require employees to speak English; and international meetings, travel and contracts are often carried o

13、ut primarily in English. People who speak English may earn a better living and, in some industries, may work in more innovative environments.Although business English has developed as a tool for survival, English also seems to have been willingly adopted into world culture through the internet, movi

14、es, TV shows, computer games andadvertisements. Indeed, most countries have 'borrowed' the English word 'internet' itself. In Spain, people may say they play 'basketball,' and Koreans grab a quick cup of 'coffee.' Some US television programs that are popular in the St

15、ates are even more popular in other countries. What's more, English-language media paint a positive image of the US and even have the power to improve international relations, according to one US television producer.But is this positive image always accurate, especially when one language dominat

16、es to such an extent that it can set a global, cultural agenda? By the next century, half of the world's estimated 7,000 languages may already have disappeared, as people abandon them in favor of a global language such as English, Mandarin or Spanish. Although it's convenient to share an int

17、ernational language, we mustn't forget the smaller languages, and cultures, that are in danger because of the rapid ride of English. 敘述一個別人跟你講過的故事 用諸如say、ask、tell和think這樣的動詞來幫助你敘述別人跟你講過的故事。在這個例子中，請注意引號表示別人說過的話。還要注意在敘述時，過去時和現(xiàn)在時的不停轉換。 Gavin, who's from the UK, says, 'I just bought a new lo

18、rry.' 加文是英國人，他說：“我剛買了一臺新lorry（卡車）?！盇nd I thought, 'What's a lorry?' 我心想，“什么是lorry？” 你敘述故事時還可以不直接引用別人的話。請注意這時不能用引號。 So, I asked him what he meant. 所以我問他什么意思。He begins by telling me that a lorry is the British English word for truck. 他就開始跟我說lorry在英式英語里是卡車的意思。你可以用不那么常用的動詞，比如admit、claim、

19、confirm、 deny 和 insist 來更準確地表述故事。這類動詞也可以讓你的敘述更加豐富多彩。 Then, Gavin claims that he can use recycled cooking oil from restaurants as 'petrol' in his new truck. 然后加文說他的新車可以用餐館回收的食用油當“petrol”（汽油）。First, I confirmed that 'petrol' means 'gas' in American English. 首先，我確定“petrol”就是美式英語

20、里的“gas”（汽油）。Then, I insisted that we use real gasoline. 然后，我堅持說我們要用真汽油。At first Gavin denied I had a point, but he later admitted it. 起初加文不認為我的話有道理，但后來又承認了。在敘述中使用問句可以增加戲劇性和懸念。 Anyway, we drive in his new truck to grab some french fries at the local burger place. And guess what? 總之，我們開著他的新卡車去當?shù)氐臐h堡店買薯

21、條。然后你猜怎么著？Gavin asks the waitress um, what was it? Oh, yeah: 'Can you cook my fries in extra oil?' 加文問服務員 嗯，什么來著？哦，對了：“炸薯條時可以多放點油嗎？”And I said, 'Are you kidding me?' 我說：“你開什么玩笑？”Do you ever feel like someone misunderstands you when you're speaking English? And, vice versa, do you

22、 ever feel like you don't understand someone else? Guess what? You're not alone. Most people experience these misunderstandings, which are also known as 'communication breakdowns.' Communication breakdowns usually occur because of differences in pronunciation, the way words are used

23、or cultural misunderstandings.Fortunately, there are strategies you can use to help avoid or repair a communication breakdown and keep a conversation going. First, don't worry. Everybody makes mistakes when speaking. Focus on the language you can say instead of what you can't say. For exampl

24、e, if you can't think of the word 'hood' when talking about your car, simply describe it: 'It's the thing you pop open to see the car engine.'During a conversation, remember to look at the other person's facial expressions. Does he or she seem confused? Has the person sai

25、d, 'Sorry I'm not sure what you mean?' If so, make sure you are clearly pronouncing your words. Repeat what you have said. You can also repeat it using different language with the same meaning. Let's say you described a 'hood' as 'the thing you pop open to see the car eng

26、ine.' If the other person is confused, you could say: 'It's the big metal cover you lift up to try to fix the parts of a car.'On the other hand, when you're having trouble understanding what someone else is saying, inform the person of this. You can look confused. You can politel

27、y use expressions like:'I'm having trouble understanding. Could you please slow down?''Sorry I didn't catch that. Would you mind repeating what you just said?''Sorry what was that?''I missed that. Could you say it again?'If you're not sure you understand w

28、hat the speaker just said, you could try to confirm your understanding by paraphrasing what you heard. Use expressions like these to confirm your understanding.'If I understand you correctly, you're saying that _.''If I'm following you correctly, they claim that _.''Just

29、to be sure I understand, she's denying that _.'If you're feeling uncertain about your language ability during a conversation, you might want to avoid using language that depends on culture, like humor or certain very informal words. Language that depends on culture can more easily create

30、 a communication breakdown.Next time you're feeling nervous about a conversation or experience a communication breakdown, try these strategies. Even more important, perhaps just relax and enjoy the conversation. 美國和英國的汽車詞匯 從18世紀到20世紀，工業(yè)革命改造了產(chǎn)業(yè)界，但同時也改變了英語語言。英國和美國是工業(yè)革命的兩個領導者，兩國的工程師不斷發(fā)明成百

31、上千的新機器，并為這些機器創(chuàng)造出新的詞匯。有時兩個國家的工程師們會發(fā)明同一種機器，但是用不同的詞命名。 這是汽車零件詞匯差異的幾個例子。請注意美式英語tire和英式英語tyre的拼寫差異。 American: trunk(后備箱) American: windshield（擋風玻璃）British: boot British: windscreen     American: hood( 引擎蓋） American: tire（輪胎）B

32、ritish: bonnet British: tyre 更多汽車(vehicle)詞匯差異的例子：       American: gas, gasoline （汽油） American: parking lot （停車場）British: petrol British: car park     American: truck （卡車

33、） American: highway, freeway（高速公路）British: lorry British: motorway, dual carriageway 在美國，highway和freeway路面寬、行駛速度快、有多條車道。在英國，motorways是有六條道的高速路，而dual carriageways有四條道。 有時同一個詞在英式英語和美式英語中含義不同。比如，美國人說的trunk可以指car trunk也可以指elephant trunk。然而在英國trunk通常指的是elephant trunk或cl

34、othes trunk。 更多美英兩國含義的不同的詞匯： American: A boot is a piece of clothing worn on your foot.British: A boot can be a car boot or a piece of clothing worn on your foot. American: A hood is a piece of clothing worn over your head or the hood of a car.British: A&

35、#160;hood is only a piece of clothing worn over your head.描述語言的術語 你從小開始學說的第一種語言通常被稱為你的first language。你的祖國使用的語言是你的native language。你還可以用一個不那么常見的術語mother tongue。 She was born in Japan, so Japanese is her native language. 她出生在日本，所以日語是她母語。 除first language以外你說得最流利、或者最經(jīng)常說的語言叫做你的second language。 Englis

36、h is his second language. His first language is Norwegian. 英語是他第二語言。他的第一語言是挪威語。 如果你兩種語言說得同樣好，你就是bilingual。 He's bilingual; he speaks German and French fluently. 他是雙語人士；他的德語和法語說得很流利。用 dialect、accent 和 pronunciation 來表示某人語言的構成。其中包括發(fā)音、詞匯、語法和對話結構。 There are hundreds of dialects in the English langua

37、ge. 英語語言有數(shù)百種方言。I like your accent. What part of the States are you from? 我喜歡你的口音。你是美國哪個地方來的？People have trouble understanding me, so I'm working on my pronunciation. 別人聽不太懂我說話，所以我正在努力糾正發(fā)音。 語言提示：有些人認為有standard（標準）或proper（正規(guī)）英語一說，但其他人認為英語有幾百種可以接受的varieties。accent通常是件好事：每個人說話都有accent，甚至母語人士也有口音。用fl

38、uently或proficiently來描述一個人說某種語言的水平。這兩個詞都有形容詞和副詞形式。 Swahili is my mother tongue, but I speak English fluently. 斯瓦西里語是我的母語，但我英語也很流利。I'm fairly proficient in German, but I still have things to learn. 我雖然精通德語，但還是有很多東西要學。 用這類詞來談論語言在你生活中的作用。 Many people are keen to learn Spanish. 很多人喜歡學西班牙語。In Germany,

39、 English-language education is mandatory. 在德國，英語教育是強制性的。During my undergraduate education, I studied for a bachelor's in German. 我本科學歷學的是德語。簡化關系從句 你可以用that is、that are、who is、who are、which is和which are來reduce或縮短關系從句。要簡化句子，只要省略關系代詞+be。 看例句。注意省略關系代詞+be是如何把兩個相連的從句變成一個短語的。 He's part of a group o

40、f parents that is encouraging schools to offer English as a second language. 他是一個家長組的成員，這些家長鼓動學校開設英語作為第二語言課程。He's part of a group of parents encouraging schools to offer English as a second language. 他是鼓動學校開設英語作為第二語言課程的家長組成員。更多簡化關系從句例子。 Charlotte, who was born in the northern part of Belgium, sp

41、eaks Flemish as her native language. 出生在比利時北部的夏洛特母語是弗萊芒語。Charlotte, born in the northern part of Belgium, speaks Flemish as her native language. 夏洛特出生在比利時北部，她的母語是弗萊芒語。 They speak Caribbean English, which is a variety of English based on 17th-century English and African languages. 他們說的是加勒比海英語，這是在17世紀

42、英語和非洲語言的基礎上發(fā)展起來的各式英語。They speak Caribbean English, a variety of English based on 17th-century English and African languages. 他們說的是加勒比海英語在17世紀英語和非洲語言的基礎上發(fā)展起來的各式英語。請注意：關系從句中只有帶that、who或which + be的才可以簡化。雖然有這些代詞、但動詞不同，以及帶whose、when或where的從句不可簡化。 She's the only one who speaks Urdu fluently. 她是唯一一個可以流

43、利說烏爾都語的人。I went to a school that taught German as a second language. 我上是一個提供德語作為第二語言課程的學校。Matheus, whose mother tongue is Portuguese, also speaks English and Spanish. 母語是葡萄牙語的馬修斯同時也能說英語和西班牙語。寫作段落結構很多時候一段英語文字是由幾個表達同一中心思想的段落組成。每一段又有一個段落中心思想，連同其它段落的中心思想一起支持作者的主要觀點。此例中，作者第一句就表達了中心思想: I've been learn

44、ing English all my life。I've been learning English all my life. I started studying it when I was 7 at a private international school in Hong Kong. Then my family moved to Seattle, and I began practicing it at school and after school with friends. I became very proficient in English when I worked

45、 on my undergrad degree in advertising and in my first job. In fact, I think that my constant efforts to learn English made a big difference when I interviewed for advertising positions in the US.如該例所示，作者應通過提及上一段來平順過渡到下一段的主旨。你覺得作者第三段的主要內(nèi)容應該是什么？I've been learning English all my life. I started st

46、udying it when I was 7 at a private international school in Hong Kong. Then my family moved to Seattle, and I began practicing it at school and after school with friends. I became very proficient in English when I worked on my undergrad degree in advertising and in my first job. In fact, I think tha

47、t my constant efforts to learn English made a big difference when I interviewed for advertising positions in the US.During my interviews, it became obvious that the people who spoke English fluently were the ones who got the jobs. Candidates who had extensive experience or impressive titles in their

48、 native countries didn't necessarily get the jobs. Indeed, the VP of media at an advertising agency in Hong Kong interviewed for my first job. Unfortunately for him, his English proficiency was severely limited. I was hired because I had an undergraduate degree in advertising and English fluency. For many people, English not only leads to better job opportunities