表語從句詳解

1、表語從句詳解一、概念表語從句是在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句放在系動詞之后，一般結構是主語+系動詞+表語從句可以接表語從句的連系動詞有 be, look, remain, seem 等.可以接表語從句的系動詞有：1. be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were）2. feel , seem , look, appear ,so und, taste , smell3. sta nd , lie , rema in ,keep, stay4. become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run, fall5. prove, turn outThe

2、 trouble is that we are short of money.困難是我們資金短缺 .That is why stone walls are used in stead of fences around New En gla nd fields.這就是為什么在新英格蘭用石頭墻而不用柵欄的原因.At that time, it seemed as if I could n't think of the right word an yhow. 當時，我似乎怎么也想不出一個恰當?shù)淖盅蹃硪龑П碚Z從句的詞：從屬連詞 that、whether、as though、 as if （Th

3、at引導表語從句時，在口語中，間或可以省略.）關系代詞 who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等；關系副詞 when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever 等.由從屬連詞 that, whether弓丨導的表語從句 .that在引導表語從句時無詞義，而 whether有詞義，意為、是否這時主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞，如question（問題）,trouble（麻煩）,problem（問題）,result（結果）,chanee（可能性）,su

4、ggestion（建議）,idea（想法）,reason（理由）等.表語從句對 主句主語進行說明、解釋，使主語的內容具體化.例如：The trouble is （that） she has lost his money.麻煩的事是他丟了錢 .The questi on is whether we n eed more ice cream .問題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋.The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use .問題是它作為日常之用太貴重了What she couldn ' t understand was t

5、hat fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lesson我們不能理解越來越少的學 生對他的課不感興趣.由關系代詞引導的表語從句.關系代詞 who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引導表語從句，在句中作主語、賓語、表語，關系代詞不能省略.例如：The question is which of us should go.問題是我們哪一個應該去.The problem was who could do the work.問題是誰能做這項工作

6、.That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在擔心的事 .That's what we should do.那是我們應該做的.由關系副詞引導的表語從句.關系副詞 when, where, how, why除在句子起連接作用外，在從句中還充當時間，地點，方式或原因狀語，本身具有詞義.例如：Go and get your coat. It's where you left it.去把雨衣拿來.就在你原來放的地方.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thatwhy I got wet't

7、hrough.我們既沒傘也沒雨衣，這是我們淋濕的原因That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year. 那就是老鼠是怎樣每年損害大量糧食的.That is what he is worried about.那就是他所擔心的.由連詞 because, as if/as though 等引導的表語從句It looked as if it was going to snow.看起來好像要下雪了That's because we never thought of it.這是因為我們從未想過此事 It seems as if he did

8、n' t know th好Oh他w不知道答案 .A. 表語從句一定要用陳述語序False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel. Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.B. 不可以用if,而用whether連接表語從句（as if例外）.引導賓語從句時可以互換if/whether位于介詞后要用 whether位于句首時要用 whether.引導表語從句，主語從句，同位語從句時要用whether.False: The questi on is if the

9、en emy is march ing towards us.Right: The questi on is whether the en emy is march ing towards us.Right: It looked as if he had un derstood this questio n.C. 不像賓語從句，在有表語從句的復合句中，主句時態(tài)和從句時態(tài)可以不一致Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right: The question is why he cried yester

10、day.D. that在表語從句中不可以省掉.基本用法表語從句只能置于主句之后，而主句的動詞只能是聯(lián)系動詞.名詞性從句在be等系動詞后作表語時被稱為表語從句例如： The problem is how we can get the things we need.問題是我們怎樣能弄到我們需要的東西.（how在表語從句中充當方式狀語）The scissors are not what I need.這把剪刀不是我所需要的.（what在表語從句中充當賓語 ）What I told him was that I would find him a good play.我告訴他的是我會給他找個好劇本.（w

11、hat在主語從句中作直接賓語that作為表語從句的引導詞在該表語從句中不充當句子成分，不能省略）That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要對你講的.（what在表語從句中充當直接賓語）That is why she failed to pass the exam.那就是她考試不及格的原因 .（why在表語從句中充當原因狀語 ）What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告訴他的是我會給他找個好劇本 .（what在主語從句中作直接賓語，that作為表語從句的引導詞在該表語從句中不充當句子成分，不

12、能省略）That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要對你講的.（what在表語從句中充當直接賓語）That is why she failed to pass the exam.那就是她考試不及格的原因.（why在表語從句中充當原因狀語）That is why.是常用句型，意為這就是”的原因/因此”，其中why引導的名詞性從句在句中作表語，該句型通常用于針對前面已經說明過的原因進行總結，又如：That is why you see this old woman before you know，Jeanne.珍妮，這就是現(xiàn)在這個老太婆出現(xiàn)在你面前的原因.（前文提到

13、Jeanne對老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異，說話人對她講述了其中的原因之后，用這一句來進行概括）.That is why I came.這就是我來的原因.下面是兩個與That is why.形式相似的結構，它們與That is why.結構之間的關系要能夠辨析清楚：（1）That is why.與 That is the reason why.同義，只不過從語法結構上講 ，That is the reason why.中 why 引導的是一個定 語從句，將其中的the reason去掉則與That is why.結構一樣，例如：That is （the reason） why I cannot

14、agree.這就是我不能同意的理由.（2）That is because.句型中從屬連詞because引導的名詞性從句在此作表語，這也是個常用句型，意為這就是為什么,，/因為” .That is because.與That is why.之間的不同在于 That is because.指原因或理由，That is why.則指由于各種原因 所造成的后果，例如：He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework. 昨天晚上他沒有去看電影 那是因

15、為他得幫助他的妹妹做作業(yè).（第一句話說明結果，第二句話說明原因）He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看過那部電影，因此他昨天晚上沒有去看一句話說明原因，第二句話說明結果）表語從句與賓語從句的關系賓語從句和表語從句都屬于名詞性從句.其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同.故充當賓語的句子叫賓語從句，充當表語的句子叫表語從句.賓語從句（1）對于賓語從句要掌握以下三點 語序：從句的語序必須是陳述句語序，即主語+謂語這種形式. 時態(tài)：當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時的時候，從句可以是任何時態(tài)，而當主句是

16、一般過去時的時候，從句，從句時態(tài)必須是過去時范圍的時態(tài)，即（一般過去時，過去進行時，過去完成時，過去將來時）. 連接詞：當從句意思完整，主句意思肯定時，連接詞用that,且可以省去，當從句意思完整，主句意思不確定或含否定含 意時，常用if或whether（是否）,當從句意思不完整時，連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問詞表語從句在句子中起表語作用的從句叫做表語從句，位于主句系動詞的后面.表語從句的引導詞和主語從句的引導詞相同也是名詞性從句的一種.如： What the police want to know is when you entered red the room 警察想知道的是你什么時

17、候進的房間The trouble is that we are short of fun ds 困難是我們缺乏資金 .This is what we should do 這是我們應當做的.注意：從句中的疑問句用正常語序，即陳述語序.as if, as though, because也可用來引導表語從句.She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起來好像做了一件大事.It is because you eat too much 是因為你吃得太多了單項選擇1. The questi on iswe will have our sports meet n

18、 ext week. A. thatB. ifC. whe nD. whether2. The reason why he failed is3. Go and get your coat. Ithe was too careless. A. becauseyoAfhereB. thereB. thatC. forD. because ofC. there whereD. where there4. The problem isto take the place of TedA. who can we getB. what we can get C. who we can get5. What

19、 I want to know is he likes the gift give n by us.I missed the bus. A. that6. The reas on is7. That iswe were late last time. A. thatA. thatB. whe nB. whe nshe were ten years youn ger.A. that B. like9. I fell sick!-I think it isyou are doing too much.t come is8. She lookedA. whyD. that we can getB.

20、ifC. whetherD.不填C. whyC. whyD. whatD. whatD. as thoughB. whe nC. whatC. asD. because10. The reas on why he has n A. because his mother is illB. because of his mother's being illC. that his mother is illD. for his mother is ill11. He was born here.- That is12.That isLu Xun once lived.he likes the

21、 place so much.A. whatB. whereA. that B. whatD. howC. whyC. thatD. why13. your father wants to know isgetting on with your studies.A. What; how are youB. That; how you are C. How ; that you areD. What; how you are14. The trouble iswe are short of tools. A. what B. that C. how D. why that15. America

22、waswas first called In dia by Columbus.A. what B. whereC. the place D. there where16. Chi na is beco ming stron ger and stron ger. It is no longer.A. what it used to be B. what it was used to being C. what it used to being D. what it was used to be17. he really means ishe disagrees with us.A. What t

23、hat B. That what C. What whatD. That what18. The en ergy ismakes the cells able to do their work. A. that B. which C. what D. such19 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is thatyou had a few days off ?A. whyB .whatC. whe nD. where20had n either a rain coat nor an umbrella I got wet through.

24、A. It ' s the reason That ' s whC. There ' s whyD. It ' s how21. See the flags on top of the buildi ng? That waswe did this morning.A. whe nB. which C. where D. what22. - Are you still thinking about yesterday-Ohs glaate'? s.A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited

25、 aboutC. how I feel about itD. whe n I feel excited23. What surprised me was not what he said buthe said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. i n the way D. the way which句子翻譯1. 這就是我想做的 2. 這房子正是他最需要的東西.3. 這就是Henry怎樣解決問題的 4. 問題是誰能完成這項困難的任務 5. 今天討論的話題是未來的學校會是怎樣的 6. 他遲到的原因是交通擁堵 .7. 事實是他對我撒謊了.8. You are s

26、ayi ng that every one should be equal, and this is. (disagree)你一直說每個人應該是平等的江這就是我不同意之處.9. Your coat is still. (where) 你的外套仍然在你放的地方.10.I had n either a rain coat nor an umbrella. That isthrough. (get) 我既沒有雨衣江也沒有雨傘.這就是為什么我全身被淋濕的原因.11. It soundsthe door.(as if) 聽起來好像某人正在敲門.12. It seemsinterested in Henr

27、y. (become)好像倫敦所有人都變得對亨瑞感興趣13. The last time we had great fun wasthe Water Park.(visit)上一次我們玩得很開心的時候是我們正在參觀水族公園的時候that/what的區(qū)別1. your father wants to know isgetting on with your studies.A. What; how are youB. That ; how you are C. How ; that you are D. What; how you are2. The trouble iswe are short

28、of tools. A. what B. that C. how D. why that3. America waswas first called In dia by Columbus. A. what B. where C. the place D. there where4. China is beco ming stron ger and stron ger. It is no longer.A. what it used to beB. what it was used to being C. what it used to being D. what it was used to

29、be5. he really means ishe disagrees with us.A. What thatB. That what C. What whatD. That what6. The en ergy ismakes the cells able to do their work. A. that B. which C. what D. such系動詞分類：一、 根據(jù)系動詞后所跟結構，我們可以把英語系動詞分為兩大類：完全系動詞（其后只能跟表語的動詞，如be, seem） 和半系動詞（其后既可跟表語作系動詞用法，也可跟賓語或狀語作實義動詞用，如look）例如：1）He looked

30、 sadly at the boy.（看著，實義動詞用法 ） He looks a clever boy .（看起來，系動詞用法）2）He looks at a clever boy.（看著，實義動詞用法）在英語中，某一動詞是多義詞，既有實義動詞用法，又有系動詞用法二、根據(jù)系動詞的意義，我們把英語系動詞分為四類：A .五大感官系動詞B.狀態(tài)系動詞 C .動態(tài)系動詞 D .雙謂語系動詞 A.五大感官系動詞，描述一種感官性質.由實義感官動詞變化而來，都是半系動詞1. look看起來像是，后接 adj.、n.、分詞、介詞短語、不定式等The girl bit her lips and looked

31、thoughtful.這位女孩咬著嘴唇，看上去若有所思2. smelI聞起來，后接 adj.分詞.The flowers smell sweet.這些花氣味真香.3. sou nd聽起來，后接分詞.The music sou nds sweet .這首詩聽起來真悅耳 .4. taste嘗起來，后接 分詞.The apples taste very good.這些蘋果很好吃.5. Feel摸起來，給感覺；覺得，后接 adj./p.p.You will feel better after a night ' s sleep.睡上一晚，你會覺得好些.B .狀態(tài)系動詞：1. be,是，屬完全系

32、動詞.I am a student.我是一個學生.2. seem似乎，好像，完全系動詞.They seem quite happy.他們似乎很快樂.3. 即pear,顯得，看起來好像，半系動詞.It appeared（to be）a true story.看來這是一個真實的故事.4. keep,保持的狀態(tài)，半系動詞，后接adj或介詞短語.You' d better go to bed and keep warm.你最好躺在床上去暖和一下.5. remain,仍是，半系動詞.I remained silent.我仍然緘默.6. stay保持（某種狀態(tài)），半系動詞，后接 adj.、過去分詞

33、.The window stayed open all the night.7. prove證明是，半系動詞，后接adj.n.The treatme nt proved to be successful.這種療法證明是成功的.C .動態(tài)系動詞：都屬于半系動詞，描述狀態(tài)變化過程1. get變成，變得起來，后可接形容詞、分詞、介詞短語The days are gett ing Ion ger and Ion ger. 白天變得越來越長了 .2. fall進入（某種狀態(tài)），成為，后常接以下形容詞：asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat.The old me n,

34、un able to express himself, fell sile nt. 那位老人說不清自己的意思，就不做聲了My father fell ill and died.我的父親生病死了 . 3. grow漸漸變得起來，長得It' s growing warm. 天氣漸漸暖和起來了 .4. turn轉變成（新的與原來完全不同的色彩或性質），變質（色）.Maple trees turn red in autum n. 楓葉在秋天變紅了 .It was cloudy this morning, but fortun ately it has turned fine.今天早上是陰天，幸

35、好已經轉晴了.5. go,變成（某種壞的狀態(tài)）The telephone has gone dead.電話不通了 .The material has go ne a funny colour.這料子的顏色變得奇怪了.go 之后常接的 adj.還有：bad, bli nd, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hun gry, mad, red, with, an ger, white, pale, blue, grey.6. become變成，成為（好壞均可的情況）I became interested in drawing. 我開始對素描感興趣了. He became angr

36、y with me.他對我生氣了 .They became good friends.他們成了好朋友 .7. come，變成為（已知的狀態(tài)），證實為，后常接形容詞或前綴un-的過去分詞作表語，表示狀態(tài)或情況的變化His wish to become a pilot has come true.他想當飛行員的愿望實現(xiàn)了If you look into the matter, everythi ng will come clear.如果你調查一下這事，一切都會清楚后面常接的形容詞還有：apart, dear （昂貴），natural, open, short, right （好了），unstuck

37、 （沒有粘?。?，untied （松開）.8 run,變成，后接 adj. The price ran high. 價格上升了 .9. make，達到某種狀態(tài)后接形容詞，女口 sure, certain, merry, bold, freeWe must make certa in of facts.我們一定要弄清事實 .D 雙謂語系動詞 此類系動詞既有系動詞的功能，后接表語，又保留原實義動詞本身的含義例如：The run rose red.太陽升起紅艷艷.She stopped and stood quite still.她停下來然后一絲不動地站著.The snow lay thick on

38、the ground.雪厚厚地堆積在地上.He married you ng.他結婚很早.Lei Fe ng died you ng.雷鋒早逝.He contin ued sile nt.他繼續(xù)沉默不語.系動詞單項選擇題 The story sounds(MET 89) A. to be true B. as true C. bei ng true D. true Those oran ges taste(MET 91) A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well -Are you feeling? -Yes, I 'm fine now/(

39、NMET92) A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better -Ca n I joi n the club, Dad.-You can whe n youa bit older.(NMET 94) A. get B. will get C. get D. will have got -Do you like the material? -Yes, itvery soft.(NMET 94) A. is feeli ng B. felt C. feels D. is felt I love to go to the seaside

40、 on Summer. Itgood to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.(NMET 96)A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes Clea ning wome n in big cities usually getby the hour.(NMET 98) A. pay B. pay ing C. paid D. to pay Why don ' t you put the meat in the fridge? It willfor several days.(NMET2003 )A. be stayed

41、B. stay C. be stay ing D. have stayed系動詞鞏固練習 What you have said.A is sounded interesting B sounds interesting C . sound interested D listens interested The class beg ins. Please keep. A. sile nt B . sile nee C. the sile nee D. sile ntly Look! Several people in the crowd seemed. A . to be fighting B . to have fought C . being fought D . having fought Howthe song she sings