必修3Module1Europe單元重難知識點總結(jié)

1、Unit 1. Europe一. 重點詞匯及拓展 1. across prep.橫過；穿過2face vt.面向；面對3mountain n山脈4project n計劃；項目；工程5civilisation n文明6ancient adj.古代的7opposite prep.在對面8geographical adj.地理的 9. feature n特點10situate v使位于situated adj.坐落(某處的)situation n位置；處境11locate v位于的location n位置12govern vt.統(tǒng)治，治理government n政府13continental adj

2、.大陸的；大洲的content n大陸14agreement n協(xié)議，契約agree v同意disagreement(反義詞)n.不同意 二. 重點短語 1. off the coast離海岸線不遠的海上2be famous for因而著名be known as作為而聞名3ever since 自此，自從一直4in terms of依據(jù)；依照，在方面 5. have control over對加以控制6little by little逐漸地；一點兒點地7be faced with 面臨8on the other hand另一方面 三. 重點句型1. France is Europes thir

3、d largest country.法國是歐洲的第三大國 2Italy is in the south of Europe.意大利在歐洲南部 3.twice as big as the population of the United States.是美國人口的兩倍。 四. 語法 1.Passive voice：present and past forms(現(xiàn)在時和過去時的被動語態(tài))2Subject and verb agreement(主謂一致)zxxkw 一. 重點詞匯及拓展1face nC臉；相貌；表面；C面容；表情；C(物質(zhì)的)表面；(建筑物的)正面vt.面臨(困難等)，面對歸納拓展(

4、1)face to face面對面(作狀語)face­to­face面對面(作定語)in (the) face of面臨；在面前l(fā)ose one's face失去面子 歸納拓展(2)face danger/difficulties面對危險/困難be faced with面臨，面對例句：I was faced with a new problem.A new problem faced me.我面臨著新的問題。France is Europes third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the

5、English channel.法國是歐洲第三大國，與英國隔海相望。【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Let's fix a time _ a _ interview.Ato；face­to­face Bfor；face­to­faceCto；face to face Dfor；face to face _ with such great difficulty，Jack felt at a loss _.AFacing；what to sayBFaced；what to sayCHaving faced；how to tellDBeing faced；how to s

6、peak 2range nC山脈，排；行；一系列；(變化等的)幅度；(知識等的)范圍；區(qū)域；射程 v排列；將排成行；(在一定范圍內(nèi))變動；變化歸納拓展(1)in/within range (of)在射程以內(nèi)；在范圍內(nèi)beyond/out of range在射程以外，在范圍外a wide range of interests興趣廣泛mountain range 山脈(2)range from.to.在范圍內(nèi)變化range.in rows把排成列 例句：The student has _.那個學(xué)生的興趣廣泛。The price of the house is _.這所房子的價格遠遠超出了我們能承受

7、的范圍。The prices of the cars _.汽車的價格在5萬美元和12萬美元之間。 What's the cost of your shirts here，sir?It depends on which fashion you want to buy，and the prices _ from 100 dollars to 500 dollars.Aincrease Brange Crank Ddiffer3situated adj.坐落于(某處)的；位于(某處)的歸納拓展(1)be situated on/in/at.位于的，坐落在的；處于地位(境遇、狀態(tài))的be lo

8、cated at/in/on.位于的，處于位置注意：situated作形容詞用時，多用于描述人或事物，意思是“處于境況”。be badly/well situated境況困難/良好(2)situate vt.使位于，使處于，坐落于situation n形勢，境遇，情況；(建筑物等的)位置；立場，局勢 例句：All the apartments are beautifully situated overlooking the beach.所有的公寓都環(huán)境優(yōu)美，俯瞰海濱。Ski Apache _southern New Mexico.阿帕契滑雪場位于新墨西哥州南部。Having six child

9、ren and no income，I_.我有六個孩子卻沒有收入，生活十分困難。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】London is a most beautiful city in Britain，_the River Thames.Alocated in Blied onCsituated on Dstood in 4opposite prep.在的對面(后面跟與位置相關(guān)的名詞)adj.相反的，對面的adv.在對面；在對過n對立面；對立的人或物；反義詞歸納拓展(1)be opposite to在對面；與相反just the opposite恰恰相反(2)opposition n反對；抵抗；反擊in oppos

10、ition to反對(3)oppose vt.反對；使對立；抵抗be opposed to反對，對抗 例句：The building _ to the bank.那棟建筑物在銀行的對面。Marthas not shy at all_ in fact.瑪莎一點兒都不靦腆，事實上正好相反。 We are bitterly _the racial discrimination.我們強烈反對種族歧視。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】There is a KFC _ the bookstore. Cross the street and you'll find it easily.Aon the contrary

11、 of Bopposite toCopposite from Din front of5sign n記號，符號；跡象；征兆；痕跡；姿勢 v簽(名)；做手勢；做記號；簽署(文件、協(xié)議書等)歸納拓展(1)sign language手勢語make/give a sign to對做手勢a sign of.的標(biāo)志/跡象(2)sign in簽到sign out簽字離開sign sb. to do sth.打手勢讓某人做某事(3)signature n簽名put ones signature on/to the contract在合同上簽名 例句：A red sky at sunset_.日落時的晚霞是好天

12、氣的征兆。The policeman signed the driver to stop.那警察做手勢讓那司機停下來。He _ on the painting which he had just finished.他在剛剛畫好的畫上簽上了名字。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The president_the telecommunications reform bill into law yesterday.Awrote Bsigned Cput Dplaced6agreement n同意，一致；協(xié)定，協(xié)議歸納拓展(1)in agreement with符合；同意；和一致make an agreement wi

13、th與達成協(xié)議make/reach/come to/arrive at an agreement達成協(xié)議；取得一致意見(2)agree vi.&vt.同意，贊成的意見；與一致；承認(rèn)，適合disagree vi.不一致，不適宜disagreement n意見不同；爭執(zhí)，不和，爭論 例句：If our talks go on like this，we will never _.倘若我們的談判照這樣進行下去的話，是永遠不會達成什么協(xié)議的。His opinion is _ mine.他的意見和我的一致。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】He appears honest，why do so few people

14、believe in him?Because what he does is not always in_with what he says.Aagreement Bconflict Ctouch Drelation二. 重點短語1because of因為；由于歸納拓展(1)because of在句中一般用作狀語，可置于句首或句末。(2)owing to意為“由于，因為”，在句中通常用作狀語，可置于句首或句末。(3)due to意為“由于”，它引導(dǎo)的短語在句中一般用作表語或定語，但在很多場合，可與owing to通用，作狀語。(4)on account of意為“因緣故，由于”，它引導(dǎo)的短語在

15、句中通常作狀語，可置于句首或句末。 (5)as a result of意為“由于的結(jié)果”，一般用作狀語。(6)thanks to是介詞短語，含有“幸虧、多虧、由于、因為”等意思。它引導(dǎo)的短語在句中用作狀語時，大多放在句首，但也可以置于句末。例句：The plane arrived late _ the snowstorm.飛機因暴風(fēng)雪晚點了。All flights into London Heathrow have been delayed _ the thick fog.所有飛往倫敦希斯羅機場的航班均因大霧而延誤。 _the publics generosity，weve been able

16、 to build two new schools in the area.多虧公眾慷慨解囊，我們才得以在該地區(qū)建造了兩所新學(xué)校。The accident was largely _ human error.這起事故主要出自人為的過錯?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】He was late not only _ his illness but also _ he missed the train.Abecause；for Bbecause of；becauseCfor；because of Dbecause of；because of2in terms of用字眼；從的觀點(角度)；從方面來說歸納拓展in the

17、 long/short term就長/短期而言keep/be on good/bad terms with sb.與某人交情好/不好be on equal terms關(guān)系平等例句：_ customers satisfaction，the policy can not be criticized.說到顧客的滿意情況，這個政策無可挑剔。 The company's prospects look good _.公司的遠景看好。 My sister and I are _ each other.我和我姐姐之間的關(guān)系很好。 Do you approve of the idea that succ

18、ess can be measured _ money alone?Ain case of Bin terms of Cin the opinion of Din favor ofI feel sure that_qualification，ability and experience，you are abundantly suited to the position we have in mind.Aon account of Bin spite of Cby means of Din terms of3on the other hand另一方面，反過來說歸納拓展at hand在手邊，在附近

19、；即將到來，即將發(fā)生at first hand第一手地，直接地at second hand第二手的；間接的；舊的；用過的hand in hand手牽手，攜手；共同地in hand在手邊；進行中的；在掌握中on (the) one hand.；on the other (hand).一方面另一方面 例句：Father and mother wanted to go for a ride. The children，on the other hand，wanted to stay home and play with their friends.父母想騎車出去兜風(fēng)，另一方面，孩子們卻想在家與朋友一

20、起玩。On the one hand theyd love to have kids，but on the other，they dont want to give up their freedom.一方面，他們想要孩子，但另一方面，他們又不想放棄自由自在的生活。She stayed there to experience village life_.她留在那兒親身體驗鄉(xiāng)村生活。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】I don't want to buy the dictionary._， it's too expensive；_I don't have enough money with m

21、e at present.ABecause；and BAt first；thenCOn one hand；on the other handDOn one hand；on other hand三. 重點句型1Their work has influenced other writers ever since. ever since自從一直；從那時起，一直到現(xiàn)在歸納拓展ever since自此，自從。表示以過去某一時間為起點持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的某一動作或狀態(tài)，常與完成時連用。與完成時連用的常見短語或詞語有：by now到現(xiàn)在為止so far/up to now到目前為止 in the last/past

22、時間段在過去的內(nèi)by the end of到為止recently/already近來/已經(jīng)例句：Weve been friends _ we met at school.我們自從在學(xué)校見面至今，一直是朋友。I havent seen my MP3_.從那以后我再也沒見過我的MP3。We haven't had any trouble_.迄今為止我們沒碰上什么麻煩。 _ when has the country been open to international trade?1978，I suppose.ASince BIn CFrom DAfterHave you known Dr.

23、 Jackson for a long time?Yes，since she _ the Chinese Society.Ahas joined Bjoins Chad joined Djoined2Italy is in the south of Europe on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. 歸納拓展表示“某物在哪個方向”可用south/west/north/east等，構(gòu)成如下幾種表達方式：(1).is in the south of在的南部(在內(nèi)部).is on the south of在南邊(接壤).is to the south of在以

24、南(在外部，不接壤)(2).is south of在南部(不指明在內(nèi)部還是在外部)(3)借助there構(gòu)成there be結(jié)構(gòu)。 注意：把表示方位、地點的介詞或副詞短語放到句首，句子用倒裝語序。例句：In the south/west/north/east of the city is the house.South/West/North/East of the city is the house. 例句：Guangdong is_.廣東在中國的南部。Jiangsu is _.江蘇在山東南面。 Mexico is_ the USA.墨西哥位于美國的南面。There is a river_ ou

25、r village.我們村莊北面有一條小河。East of our school lies a railway.我們學(xué)校東面有一條鐵路。【鏈接訓(xùn)練】_ of the Pacific Ocean _ Canada.AThe east；lies BEast；liesCTo the east；does lie DOn the east；does lie四. 語法1現(xiàn)在時與過去時的被動語態(tài)(1)一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成形式：am/is/arep.p.(過去分詞)例句：Rice is grown in the south of the state. (2)一般過去時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成形式：was/werep

26、.p.(過去分詞)例句：The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. (3)被動語態(tài)的用法不知道或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時。例句：The bridge was built last year. He was elected chairman. 當(dāng)更加強調(diào)動作的承受者時。此時動作的執(zhí)行者由by引導(dǎo)，置于謂語動詞之后，不需要時可以省略。例句：The tiger was killed by him. 當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者不是人時，多用被動語態(tài)。例句：The window was blown open by wind. 表示客觀

27、的說明，常用“It is過去分詞”句型。例句：It is said that Lucy has gone abroad. 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The number of deaths from traffic accidents will be reduced greatly if people _ to obey the rules.Apersuade Bwill persuadeCbe persuaded Dare persuaded It is said that the pen _，so I bought one yesterday.Awrites well Bwrites goodCis w

28、ell written Dis good written Officials say that few patients _ with the virus owing to the effective prevention.Ainfected Bare infectedChave infected Dbe infectedThe flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time.Asold Bhad been sold Cwere sold Dwould sell Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles acro

29、ss this open sea，which _ the Pacific，and we met no storms.Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called2主謂一致主謂一致是指主語和謂語必須保持人稱和數(shù)的變化的一致，即句中謂語的變化形式要根據(jù)句子主語的人稱和數(shù)的形式?jīng)Q定。(1)有些集體名詞，如crowd，family，team，orchestra (管弦樂隊)，group，government，committee，class，school，union，firm，staff，public等，它們作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)

30、語言內(nèi)容而定。如果它們作為一個集體單位時，動詞用單數(shù)形式，如就其中的各個成員來說，則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 例句：His family is going to move. His family are very well. (2)有些表示總稱意義的名詞，形式上是單數(shù)，而意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如people，police，militia，cattle，poultry (家禽)等。例句：It was common that cattle were allowed to graze on the village. (3)單數(shù)主語、單個動詞不定式、動名詞短語以及句子作主語，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形

31、式。復(fù)數(shù)主語，用and或both.and連接的動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語以及主語從句作主語，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例句：Serving the people is my great happiness. Both you and I are students. 注意：(1)在what引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，如果表語是復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例句：What mother bought are some books. (2)修飾語對主語的數(shù)沒有影響。例句：The performance of the first three clowns was very funny. (3)and所連接的兩個詞如指

32、同一主體時，謂語則用單數(shù)形式，否則，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。例句：A singer and dancer was present at the party today. (4)有些代詞只能指單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，當(dāng)它們在句子中作主語時，盡管在意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞仍要用單數(shù)形式。這類代詞有either，neither，each one，the other，another，somebody，someone，something，anyone，anything，anybody，everyone，everything，everybody，no one，nothing，nobody等。例句：Neither likes th

33、e friends of the other. Everything around us is matter. (5)none接不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞為單數(shù)；接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)均可。例句：None of us seem/seems worried. (6)兩個主語用or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，not.but.連接起來，謂語與靠近的主語的數(shù)一致。例句：You or I am wrong. (7)在There be.句型中，如果有兩個以上的并列主語，謂語往往與第一個主語一致。例句：There is a book and two pens on the desk. Ther