英語(yǔ)句子成分詳解

1、英語(yǔ)句子成分詳解一 、主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于句子的話(huà)題或主題，即要說(shuō)明的人或物。主語(yǔ)一般位于句首，且不能省略。但在某些特定的句式里，如：疑問(wèn)句倒裝句祈使句感嘆句等，句子主語(yǔ)也可以位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后或省略?！鞠胍幌搿磕男┰~類(lèi)或短語(yǔ)可以用作主語(yǔ)？（答：能用來(lái)做主語(yǔ)的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)從句等。）名詞（或名詞詞組）My penisgreen. (單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)Jane  is  an  American  girl. (專(zhuān)有名詞)、代詞I  am  a  student. (主格人稱(chēng)代詞

2、)Her pen is blue, and mine is red.（名詞性物主代詞）These are my books. (指示代詞)Who is not here today? (疑問(wèn)代詞)Nothing was wrong with his eyes. (不定代詞)、數(shù)詞Two and one is three. (基數(shù)詞)The second was a tall man. (序數(shù)詞)、動(dòng)名詞Eating too much is bad for your health. (動(dòng)名詞)Playing games is much better than staying at home. (

3、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))、形容詞The rich are not always happy.(少數(shù)形容詞前邊加the 相當(dāng)于名詞)、動(dòng)詞不定式To  see  is to believe.(動(dòng)詞不定式)It will take you 2 hours to get to the station.(it作形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作真正主語(yǔ))、主語(yǔ)從句（僅作了解）What the teacher said yesterday is important.幾個(gè)常見(jiàn)加the后可以名詞化的形容詞是：poor, rich, young, old，happy,blind, beautiful等。主語(yǔ)和

4、謂語(yǔ)的順序有兩種：（1）自然順序，即主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后；（2）倒裝語(yǔ)序，即謂語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)的一部分在前， 主語(yǔ)位于其后。例如：Are you a student？Do you like English songs?What do you speak?There is a bird in the tree. (there be 句型)Here is your pen. (以副詞here/there開(kāi)頭的句子習(xí)慣上主謂倒裝)There stands a policeman.二 、謂語(yǔ)句子中用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)的部分，叫謂語(yǔ)。謂語(yǔ)一般位于主語(yǔ)之后，謂語(yǔ)中最重要的部分是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，它有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)

5、氣的變化，并受主語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的影響；既然謂語(yǔ)是以動(dòng)詞為中心的，那么，我們研究謂語(yǔ)就從動(dòng)詞入手。（附：動(dòng)詞）（一）、動(dòng)詞的意義：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。（二）、動(dòng)詞的用法：1、作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；2、可以有自己的狀語(yǔ)；3、及物動(dòng)詞有自己的賓語(yǔ)。（三）、動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)：1、行為動(dòng)詞（或?qū)嵙x動(dòng)詞,v.），占動(dòng)詞數(shù)量的絕大多數(shù)，具有明確的動(dòng)作意義,行為動(dòng)詞分為不及物動(dòng)詞和及物動(dòng)詞，不及物動(dòng)詞本身詞義完整，可以獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，及物動(dòng)詞本身詞義不完整，必須后跟賓語(yǔ)共同作謂語(yǔ)；2、連系動(dòng)詞(link v.)，起連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的作用，本身有一定的詞義，但是較弱，它和實(shí)意動(dòng)詞一樣有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，也受主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的影響。連系動(dòng)詞可分

6、為兩大類(lèi)：1）表示存在的連系動(dòng)詞，如：be，keep，look, smell, taste, sound, feel, remain(仍是，保持), seem(好像)，lie(處于)，appear(呈現(xiàn))等; 2）表示變化、形成的連系動(dòng)詞，如：become, get, turn, fall（變成），come(實(shí)現(xiàn))，grow(變成)等。3、助動(dòng)詞(aux v.),用以幫助行為動(dòng)詞和聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣，或構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)、否定、強(qiáng)調(diào)等句子結(jié)構(gòu)；常見(jiàn)的助動(dòng)詞有：be, do, have, will ( shall )。助動(dòng)詞一般無(wú)詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和行為動(dòng)詞或聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞共同作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

7、。注意：上述四個(gè)助動(dòng)詞都兼有另外的動(dòng)詞類(lèi)別，在不同的語(yǔ)境中扮演著不同的角色：bea、助動(dòng)詞，幫助動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)；幫助動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；We are running on the playground.The flowers are often watered by me.b、聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞，表示存在，和它的表語(yǔ)共同構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。We are ready for the exam.I am in Beijing now.doa、助動(dòng)詞，幫助行為動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成否定句、疑問(wèn)句、或?qū)π袨閯?dòng)詞加以強(qiáng)調(diào)。I dont know the man.I do believe my answer is rig

8、ht.b、行為動(dòng)詞，“做”，例如：do shopping , do homework , do sports 等等。havea、助動(dòng)詞，幫助動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成完成時(shí)。.b、行為動(dòng)詞，“有”、“讓?zhuān)ㄗ觯梗ㄗ觯?。I have a new MP4. /  I have had my hair cut.willa、助動(dòng)詞，幫助行為動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)。He will visit China next year.b、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示意愿。 ill you please? Sorry, I won't.、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又被稱(chēng)作情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞，有一定的詞義，主要用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的

9、態(tài)度或看法，表示能力、允許、請(qǐng)求、必要、可能、需要等。初中階段出現(xiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can / could,  may/might,  must,  shall/should,由此可見(jiàn)，行為動(dòng)詞、聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的核心，助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中起輔助作用（幫助構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣、疑問(wèn)、否定和強(qiáng)調(diào)）。因此，行為動(dòng)詞和聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞決定著謂語(yǔ)的形式，從而演變出了簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型（ 、 ）：、當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的形式是：聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)，所構(gòu)成的簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型是：“主語(yǔ)聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)”，即“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)。、當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，又分為以下四種情況：（）、當(dāng)

10、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，獨(dú)自構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，所構(gòu)成的簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型是：“主語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞”。即“主謂”結(jié)構(gòu)。（）、當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后必須跟賓語(yǔ)，及物動(dòng)詞和其賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。根據(jù)所跟賓語(yǔ)的形式（單賓語(yǔ)、雙賓語(yǔ)、復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)），又構(gòu)成了三種簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型：“主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)”，即“主謂賓”結(jié)構(gòu)?！爸髡Z(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)”，即“主謂雙賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)?！爸髡Z(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”，賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)稱(chēng)作復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，所以稱(chēng)作“主謂復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。下面就針對(duì)謂語(yǔ)中所包含的表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行闡述：、表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)在句中用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)、職業(yè)、內(nèi)容、數(shù)量、（動(dòng)作）方向或處所等。表語(yǔ)

11、一般位于連系動(dòng)詞之后，二者共同構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)?？梢該?dān)任表語(yǔ)的有：名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、數(shù)詞以及從句（表語(yǔ)從句）等。例如：（）、名詞Mr. Black is a worker. (名詞，表示身份。)Ann is an American girl.Five years later, he turned an engineer.（）、形容詞Those flowers are nice.(形容詞，表示性質(zhì)或特征。)I felt sorry for them. (形容詞，表示狀態(tài)。)We must keep healthy. (連系動(dòng)詞keep形容詞作表語(yǔ))This book look

12、s new.The baby falls asleep.（連系動(dòng)詞fall表語(yǔ)形容詞作表語(yǔ)）（）、代詞 Who is it? (疑問(wèn)代詞，表示身份。) Its  me. (代詞賓格，表示身份。)These are something new. (不定代詞，表示內(nèi)容。)The man in the picture is himself. (反身代詞，表示身份。)The right answer is that. (指示代詞，表示內(nèi)容。)（）、動(dòng)詞不定式To see is to believe. (動(dòng)詞不定式，表示內(nèi)容。)My aim is to become a doctor.（系動(dòng)詞

13、be不定式作表語(yǔ)，表示內(nèi)容。）（）、動(dòng)名詞Seeing is believing. (動(dòng)名詞，表示內(nèi)容。)My job is teaching English. (動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，表示內(nèi)容。)（）、介詞短語(yǔ)Mike is from England. (表示動(dòng)作方向)Your book is on the desk. (表示處所。)（）、副詞 Is Bill in? (此處的in是副詞：“在家”，表示處所。) No, he is out. (此處的out是副詞：“在外面”，表示處所。)（）、數(shù)詞The telephone number is 3332117. (基數(shù)詞，表示內(nèi)容。)Three min

14、us two is one. (基數(shù)詞，表示內(nèi)容。)Who is first in the high jump? (序數(shù)詞獨(dú)立作表語(yǔ)時(shí)前面不加the)He is always the first to come. (to come 作 first 的定語(yǔ)，前面加the 。)（）、表語(yǔ)從句Thats why I want to stay here. (表語(yǔ)從句，表示內(nèi)容。)、賓語(yǔ)句子中，表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作對(duì)象的成分叫賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受著。英語(yǔ)中，及物動(dòng)詞（或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）、介詞后須帶賓語(yǔ)，少數(shù)形容詞后也可以帶賓語(yǔ)?？梢該?dān)任賓語(yǔ)的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）、動(dòng)名詞、名詞

15、化的形容詞以及從句（賓語(yǔ)從句）等。（）、名詞I am reading a book. 名詞作動(dòng)詞read的賓語(yǔ)。）Im going to Beijing with my father. (名詞作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)。)We couldnt finish the work without his help. (同上)In the past, many parents couldnt afford education for their children.（）、代詞Yesterday, Tom mother looked after him at home.(代詞賓格him作短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞look aft

16、er的賓語(yǔ)。)Please look it up in the dictionary. (代詞賓格it 作短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞look up的賓語(yǔ))I have something to tell you.（不定代詞短語(yǔ)作動(dòng)詞have的賓語(yǔ)）What would you like? (疑問(wèn)代詞作動(dòng)詞like的賓語(yǔ)。)Yesterday my father bought me  a new bike. (分別作動(dòng)詞bought的間接賓語(yǔ)和直接賓語(yǔ))We got lost and couldnt find each other. (反身代詞)（）、數(shù)詞Give me three, please! (

17、數(shù)詞作直接賓語(yǔ)。)（）、動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))like to play basketball. (作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。)Glad to meet you. (作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。)Nice to see you again!（同上）Im sorry to trouble you. (同上)I think it impossible to climb the mountain. (it作形式賓語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作真正賓語(yǔ)。)I dont want to there again.I really like/hate to go shopping.（）、動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))I enjoy listening to mu

18、sic very much. (作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ))Nice meeting you here today! (作形容詞nice的賓語(yǔ))（）、形容詞We must help the poor. (作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ))The new always takes place of the old. (作介詞of的賓語(yǔ))（）、賓語(yǔ)從句He knows who is right. （作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)）I want to know what color is her favorite. (作動(dòng)詞不定式to know 賓語(yǔ))Im sure that shell come soon.（作形容詞sure的賓語(yǔ)）Im think

19、ing of where I should go during the vacation. (作介詞of的賓語(yǔ))幾個(gè)常見(jiàn)加the后可以名詞化的形容詞是：poor, rich, young, old，happy, blind, beautiful等。賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)特別注意的三要素是：時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)序、連接詞。少數(shù)能跟賓語(yǔ)的形容詞有：happy, glad, nice, sure, certain, surprised, pleased, aware, afraid, proud, sorry, worried, ashamed等。直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)中，一些及物動(dòng)詞如：give, pass, show

20、, send, bring, tell, teach, buy, lend等，可以帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)。一個(gè)指人，叫間接賓語(yǔ)；一個(gè)指物，叫直接賓語(yǔ)。間接賓語(yǔ)一般放在直接賓語(yǔ)的前面。如果放在其后，則間接賓語(yǔ)前一般加介詞to，以表示動(dòng)作對(duì)準(zhǔn)誰(shuí)；或加介詞for，以表示動(dòng)作為誰(shuí)做。例如：He gave me an interesting book.He give an interesting book to me.Please bring me some snacks.Please bring some snacks to me.Mother told me a story last night.Mother

21、told a story to me last night.My uncle often teaches me English songs.My uncle often teaches English songs to me.Jim bought me a beautiful present.Jim bought a beautiful present for me.如果直接賓語(yǔ)是代詞，則必須放在間接賓語(yǔ)之前，并且在二者之間加上介詞to或for。例如：Give it to me, Lily. 不能說(shuō) Give me it, Lily.There two pencils on the desk,

22、 pass them to me. 不能說(shuō)   pass me them.復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中，一些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)須在其后加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，對(duì)其進(jìn)一步作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，意思才夠完整和明確，該補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)即叫賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)和其補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，二者之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。能擔(dān)任賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有：名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞）。例如：We must keep our classroom clean. (形容詞，Classroom和clean之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,即：Our classroom is clean.)We call the bird “Polly

23、”.(名詞)(the bird和Polly之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即：The bird is Polly.)Our teacher told us to do Exercise One. (動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ))(us 的主格we 和to do Exercise One之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即：We should do Exercise One.)She always thinks others above herself. (介詞短語(yǔ))(Others is always above herself.)I brought my dog here. (副詞，My dog was here.）

24、I saw Jack playing under a tree. (現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，Jack was playing under a tree.）In one place I saw children working for a cruel boss.常見(jiàn)的可帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：call, find, believe, think, see, feel, make, keep, hear, name, tell, ask, want, invite, let, make, have等。因此我們常用到以下短語(yǔ)：ask( tell / want / invite ) sb. to do sth.;l

25、et ( make / have / get ) sb. do sth. ;see ( hear / watch / feel ) sb. do sth.;see ( hear / watch / feel ) sb. doing sth. 。其中，感官動(dòng)詞（see, hear ）和使役動(dòng)詞 （ let, make, have ）后，如果是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則習(xí)慣上去掉不定式符號(hào) to ；但是，當(dāng)把這類(lèi)句子轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，又須將去掉的 to 加上。試比較：My father made me stay at home last night. I was made to stay at

26、 home last night by my father.Tom saw me come back today. I was seen to come back today by Tom.三、定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，叫定語(yǔ)，也稱(chēng)之為名詞的修飾語(yǔ)。與現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)都是前置的所不同的是，英語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)可以前置，也可以后置。獨(dú)立的單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，習(xí)慣上放在被修飾的詞之前作前置定語(yǔ)；短語(yǔ)或句子（定語(yǔ)從句）作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾的詞后面，作后置定語(yǔ)。能擔(dān)任定語(yǔ)的有：形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、名詞所有格（s 或 of ）、分詞（短語(yǔ)）、動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）、動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）、介詞短語(yǔ)、冠詞以及名詞性從

27、句（定語(yǔ)從句）。例如：、冠詞Mr. Smith gave me a book.、形容詞The beautiful picture was drawn by a famous artist.、代詞Our teacher is coming.(形容詞性物主代詞)Which book is mine.(疑問(wèn)代詞)、數(shù)詞Mike has two brothers.(基數(shù)詞)Jim sits in the third row.(序數(shù)詞)、名詞The apple trees were planted 3 years ago.The women doctors are from Beijing.Group

28、One are girl students and Group Two are boy students.We met some men workers in the factory.、名詞所有格Marys brother is an engineer.These are some photos of my father.(名詞所有格作后置定語(yǔ)，爸爸本人的片)These are some photos of my father's.(名詞所有格作后置定語(yǔ)，爸爸收藏的照片)、副詞The people there are very friendly.(地點(diǎn)副詞作后置定語(yǔ))The newsp

29、aper today is sold out.(時(shí)間副詞作后置定語(yǔ))Would you like anything else?（后置定語(yǔ)）、介詞短語(yǔ)The boy under the tree is Jack. (介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ))I'd like to write an article about teenagers around the world.Now children in cities and villages can get a good education.Canada is a country with a lot of snow in winter.、分詞The

30、destroyed bridge was rebuilt last winter. (過(guò)去分詞)I know a boy called Tom.（過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)）The flying birds are moving towards the south because of the coming winter. (現(xiàn)在分詞)The car running in the playground is my uncle's.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ))It shows that the population in developing countries is larger than

31、that in developed countries.I lived in a small mountain town called Fairmont.、動(dòng)詞不定式At last, we had nothing to eat but a little water.(動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ))In the 1960s, few children had the chance to receive a good education.She has two children to take care of.(動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ))They worked day and night and neve

32、r had enough food to eat.、動(dòng)名詞I often go to the reading room in the evening.(動(dòng)名詞)The habit eating too much is not good for your health.(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ))、定語(yǔ)從句I know the 2 boys who broken the window yesterday.(定語(yǔ)從句) 后置定語(yǔ)的使用情形：使  用  情  形                典

33、    型   示   例、短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)后置。          The girl in a hat.戴帽子的那個(gè)女孩。The boy swimming in the river.在河里游泳的那個(gè)男孩。a city called Beijing .一個(gè)叫北京的城市、副詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)后置（1）、表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的副詞the newspaper yesterday昨天的報(bào)紙作定語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)后置。常見(jiàn)的有： the people here 這里的人民today , yesterday ,     &

34、#160;   the food there 那里的食物tomorrow，here,there,       the words below 下面的單詞bellow,above,upstairs,      the room upstairs 樓上的那個(gè)房間downstairs,abroad 。（2）、副詞else 與不定代詞、 what else , anything else ,疑問(wèn)代詞連用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)后置。      somebody else 。（）、不定代詞的定語(yǔ)應(yīng)后置。例如：somet

35、hing,anything,nothing。    something new 一些新的東西anything to drink 一些（任何）喝的東西nothing important 沒(méi)有什么重要的東西、基數(shù)詞、英文字母作定語(yǔ) No. One , 第一個(gè) ；表示排序時(shí)應(yīng)后置。           Book One 第一冊(cè) ；Section A , A 部分；Picture C  第C 幅圖、enough 作形容詞修飾名They worked day and night and never had   &#

36、160;  詞時(shí)，可放在名詞之前，也可 enough food /food enoughto eat.      以放在其后。 他們過(guò)去日夜勞作，卻沒(méi)有足夠的食物。、定語(yǔ)從句放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。      I like to have friends who are different from me.I dont like those who are selfish 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，與所修飾的詞通常存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。例如：Please give me something to eat. 存在的邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系是

37、：to eat something;There is no chair sit to sit on. 存在的邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系是：to sit on the chair; 所以介詞 on 不能省略； 名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般不需要與其所修飾的詞在數(shù)上保持一致，但是man 和woman 作定語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)和其所的名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。例如：An apple tree, three apple trees ; a bus driver, some bus drivers ;a man worker , two men workers ; many women teachers . 現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞以及動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)

38、別：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，表示所修飾的詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義，表示所修飾的名詞所施加的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作已完成；動(dòng)名詞雖然在形式上與現(xiàn)在分詞一樣，但是不表示動(dòng)作，而是表示所修飾的名詞的內(nèi)容或用途。 相互之間意義獨(dú)立的形容詞修飾共同的名詞時(shí)，一律放在前面。例如：a beautiful young American girl ; an English training school.四、狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句（狀語(yǔ)從句），叫狀語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)在句中可以表示：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、程度、方式、比較、方向以及伴隨等情況。能擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)的有：副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)

39、詞不定式、名詞以及if,whether，when,while,as soon as,because , until ,before 等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：、副詞He can play the guitar well. (程度)Please read aloud!（方式）I'm going to Beijing today.（時(shí)間）It is raining hard.（方式）Luckily, he didnt hurt himself.（方式）We all went into the classroom excitedly.（方式）Come in , please!（方向）2 、介詞短語(yǔ)He stayed at home.（地點(diǎn)）Thank you for your help.（原因）Ann run to the door quickly.（方向）My teacher went into his office with a smile.（方式）Lily is taller than her sister. (比較)Im going to the hospital .（地點(diǎn)）I