句子分類與句子成分

1、第二部分  課后鞏固一、句子分類1. 句子：由詞、短語構(gòu)成，能表達一個完整的意思。至少包含一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。2. 句子分類：簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句· 簡單句：只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。· 并列句：至少有兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，且結(jié)構(gòu)之間有并列連詞and, but, so, or等連接。· 復(fù)合句：由類似if這樣的關(guān)聯(lián)詞連接多個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，其中一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的主要部分（主句），其他的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)只在句中作某個成分（主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、同位語）。關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：when, while, although, so that, what等。探討：下面句子是簡單句還是并列句？&

2、#160;1.My sister and I must stop and get some sleep.(第一個and連接并列主語my sister和I；第二個and連接并列謂語must stop和get，因此該句是簡單句。)2. He likes reading, but his brother likes sports.（并列連詞but連接兩個簡單句，因此是并列句。）· 簡單句中的并列詞是連接并列成分。· 并列句是并列連詞連接兩個或兩個以上的簡單句。下列句子是簡單句、并列句，還是復(fù)合句? 請完成第1-4小題?！?/p>

3、使用手機客戶端的同學(xué)，可將紅色的分欄線上下滑動，調(diào)整分屏大??；請在紅色的分欄線下方，左右滑動屏幕進行試題切換】1.We often go shopping on Friday afternoon.(3分)A. 簡單句B. 并列句C. 復(fù)合句我的答案：2.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.(3分)A. 簡單句B. 并列句C. 復(fù)合句我的答案：3.My brother and I go to school at 7:30 am and come back home at 7:00 pm.(3分)A. 簡單句B. 并列句C. 復(fù)合句我的答案

4、：4.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.(3分)A. 簡單句B. 并列句C. 復(fù)合句我的答案：二、句子成分（一）句子的主干成分He is a bank clerk.Li Hua usually exercises on the playground.Tom, my cousin, played happily yesterday.     My friends have a lot of work to do.Her son asked me to help him with his English.She must

5、 work hard to catch up with others.The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangdong.Mary heard him singing in the next room.We must keep our classroom clean.主語: He, Li Hua, Tom, My friends, Her son, She, The weather, Mary, We。主語是一個句子的頭，是主要成分，通常由名詞或代詞等充當。謂語：is, exercises, played, have, as

6、ked, must work, is, heard, must keep。謂語由動詞充當。表語：a bank clerk, colder。通常由名詞或形容詞、介詞短語等充當，緊跟系動詞后。賓語：work, me, him, our classroom。賓語是謂語動作的對象，通常由名詞或代詞等充當。 請根據(jù)括號里的要求找出對應(yīng)成分的詞。請完成第5-9小題?！臼褂檬謾C客戶端的同學(xué)，可將紅色的分欄線上下滑動，調(diào)整分屏大??；請在紅色的分欄線下方，左右滑動屏幕進行試題切換】5.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.賓語： 

7、;                                                  

8、;     (4分)6.My brother and I go to school at 7:30 am and come back home at 7:00 pm.主語：        謂語：         ，        (9分)7.The farmer is showing the boy

9、 how to plant a tree.主語：                              賓語：               

10、60;              (10分)8.Im fine, but tired.表語：                              ，

11、60;                                                 

12、60;      (10分)9.He made me very angry.賓語：                                      &

13、#160;                 (5分)（二）句子的修飾成分除了主干成分就是修飾成分，主要有：定語、狀語、賓語補足語、同位語，主要修飾主語、謂語動詞、賓語等。1. 修飾成分：定語He is a bank clerk.        My friends have a lot of work to do.Her

14、0;son asked me to help him with his English. The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangdong.Mary heard him singing in the next room.定語：通常由形容詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞、不定式、介詞短語等充當，常譯為“的”；常放在被修飾詞前，但是若短語或句子作定語，通常后置。2. 修飾成分：狀語 Li Hua usually exercises&#

15、160;on the playground.  Tom, my cousin, played happily yesterday.She must work hard to catch up with others.Mary heard him singing in the next room.狀語：通常由副詞尤其是以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞或副詞短語、不定式、介詞短語等充當；表頻率、程度、時間、地點、方式、目的、比較等，常譯為“地”；狀語位置比較靈活，常放在動詞、賓語或賓語補足語的后面，但是表示頻率的狀語通常放在主要動詞前，如果想要強調(diào)某個狀語，可以把狀語放在

16、句首。3. 修飾成分：賓語補足語Her son asked me to help him with his English. Mary heard him singing in the next room.We must keep our classroom clean.賓語補足語：是對賓語意義進行補充，一般位于賓語后，通常由不定式、分詞、形容詞、介詞短語、名詞等充當。4. 修飾成分：同位語Tom, my cousin, played happily yesterday.  Beijing, the capital

17、, is very beautiful. 兩個指同一個事物或人的句子成分放在同等位置，一個被用來說明或解釋另外一個，前者就叫后者的同位語。同位語多由名詞或代詞充當，通常放在其所說明的名詞或代詞后。 請判斷畫線部分的成分。（1） The students got on the school bus.（2） They, my friends, went hunting together early in the morning.（3） He took many photos of the places in

18、Beijing.（4） We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.Keys:（1）定語；（2）同位語，狀語；（3）定語，狀語；（4）賓語補足語三、簡單句分類1. 謂語動詞分類：系動詞：is, feel, become, smell, taste, sound, get, turn, look .不及物動詞：live, start, arrive, wait, come, go, begin .及物動詞：tell, give, ask, bring, pay, decide, help, invite, show, shake .2. 簡單

19、句的五種基本句型 注意：有的及物動詞后面可以接雙賓語，如:   (1) 雙賓語易位時需借助介詞to的常用動詞tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告訴某人某情況bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物帶給某人hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物遞給某人lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借給某人mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄給某人offer sb. sth. = offer st

20、h. to sb. 將某物給某人pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物遞給某人pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付給某人某物（錢）post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄給某人read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物讀給某人聽return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物還給某人send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送給某人sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物賣給某

21、人serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿給某人show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 把某物給某人看teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某事throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔給某人write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 給某人寫（信）(2) 雙賓語易位時需借助介詞for的常用動詞 buy sb. sth. = buy

22、sth. for sb. 為某人買某物choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 為某人選某物cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 為某人煮某物draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 為某人畫某物fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 為某人去取某物find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 為某人找到某物get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 為某人拿來某物make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb.

23、為某人做某物order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 為某人訂購某物pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 為某人采摘某物prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 為某人準備某物save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 為某人節(jié)省某物 判斷下列句子的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。（1）We often do homework in the evening.（2）Some students walk to school.（3）The teacher is telling the boy

24、 a story.（4）It tastes delicious.（5）He made me speak louder.keys:（1）主語+謂語+賓語（2）主語+謂語（3）主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語（4）主語+系動詞+表語（5）主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語四、復(fù)合句形式1. 名詞性從句（1）Who will go there has not been decided.· 我們前面講過謂語之前都是主語，因此Who.there都是主語，是句子充當，因此叫主語從句。（2）The problem is when we can get there.· is是系動詞，其后是表語，故

25、when we can get there作表語，是句子充當，因此叫表語從句。（3）Her son asked me if I can help him with his English.· ask是及物動詞，而且其后是雙賓語，也就是if.his English從句充當賓語，因此叫賓語從句。（4）The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.· 該句主語是The news，is是系動詞，true是表語，that we are having a holiday tomorrow是對主語進行補充說明消息的具

26、體內(nèi)容，因此是同位語從句。句子充當主語叫主語從句。句子充當表語叫表語從句。句子充當賓語叫賓語從句。句子充當同位語叫同位語從句。主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句，都具有名詞功能，因此又統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。 2. 修飾性從句（1）He is a clerk who works at a bank.The birds that can't fly live on a small island.· who works at a bank和that cant fly都是作定語，分別修飾前面的名詞clerk和birds。· 這些句子作定語，叫定語從句。定語從句相當于形容詞起修飾作用，所以又叫形容詞性從句。（2）I exercise when I am free.If it is sunny, I will go shopping.· when I am free是時間狀語，If it