定語(yǔ)從句解題技巧（含例題）

1、. 定語(yǔ)從句解題技巧含例題英語(yǔ)中兩個(gè)意義相關(guān)的分句不能不用連詞而直接放在一起，也不能只用逗號(hào)來(lái)連接，可以說(shuō)英語(yǔ)并列句和復(fù)合句構(gòu)成的根本規(guī)律是：英語(yǔ)的兩個(gè)分句之間有且只有一個(gè)連詞。這條規(guī)律為我們學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用這類句型提供了重要的根據(jù)。定語(yǔ)從句是英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句的一種，它是指用一個(gè)句子去修飾限制另一個(gè)句子中的某個(gè)名詞、代詞，兩個(gè)句子之間通過(guò)關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom, whose, as.或關(guān)系副詞when, where, how連接起來(lái)，關(guān)系代詞有時(shí)可以省略；在特定情況下，關(guān)系代詞which, as也可指代主句整句話或一部分句子成分所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。當(dāng)我們解題時(shí)遇到復(fù)合句的考察題目時(shí)

2、，我們便可以根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的上述含義判斷該題是不是定語(yǔ)從句，假如是，我們可先將不是關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的選項(xiàng)去掉，然后采用“代入原那么并同時(shí)結(jié)合定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞之間的相關(guān)區(qū)別來(lái)進(jìn)展解題。所謂“代入原那么就是試著把先行詞即被定語(yǔ)從句修飾限制的那個(gè)詞放進(jìn)從句中，能直接代入的就用關(guān)系代詞不包括whose，不能直接代入的可能有三種情況，要么用關(guān)系副詞，要么用介詞加關(guān)系代詞which或whom，要么就用關(guān)系代詞whose。下面就用例句來(lái)詳細(xì)說(shuō)明這種解題技巧。一直接代入的情況：1  Women_ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a

3、 greater chance of having heart disease than those_ dont. A. who; /     B. /; who    C. who; who    D. /; /該題中的先行詞women和those都可直接代入各自的從句中，都在從句中做主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)關(guān)系代詞的使用規(guī)律，我們應(yīng)該用who或that，而且不能省略，所以答案是C。2  Do you still remember the chicken f

4、arm_ we visited three months ago?A. where     B. when     C. that         D. what  該題的先行詞the chicken farm就是visited的賓語(yǔ)，只能用關(guān)系代詞that, which或省略關(guān)系代詞，所以答案是C。3  The United States is made up of fift

5、y states, one of_ is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean. A. them      B. those     C. which       D. whose通過(guò)分析可以看出，fifty states 是one of中of的賓語(yǔ)，能直接放在介詞后充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，用來(lái)表示物的關(guān)系代詞只有which，同時(shí)直接做介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞which, whom

6、不能省略。所以答案是C。4  Is this the reason_ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A         he explained         B. what he explainedC.   how he explained     

7、 D. why he explained  從句中動(dòng)詞explained是及物動(dòng)詞，其賓語(yǔ)是the reason，所以只能用關(guān)系代詞that或which，根據(jù)關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ)可以省略的原那么，該題的答案是A。5  Jim passed the driving test, _surprised everybody in the office. A. which      B. that       C. this 

8、60;     D. it該題中后句缺少主語(yǔ)，通過(guò)意義分析該主語(yǔ)正是主句整句話的內(nèi)容，所以答案是A。因?yàn)閠hat既不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也不能代替主句整句話的內(nèi)容。該題給我們的提示是：在確定該用關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，我們必須考慮相關(guān)關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別，除了剛提到的這一點(diǎn)的外，還包括以下內(nèi)容：在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞只能用which, who, whom，且做賓語(yǔ)是不能省略的；在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，指物時(shí)假如先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)，序數(shù)詞或all, any, every, no, much, little等詞修飾限制時(shí)，或先行詞就是上述這些詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞

9、只能用that；在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞是有表示人和表示物的詞組充當(dāng)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that。6  _is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It     B. As     C. That    D. What 通過(guò)意義分析可以看出，前一句所缺的主語(yǔ)就是后句整個(gè)句子所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，這是一種特殊的定語(yǔ)從句，as可以引導(dǎo)非限制

10、性定語(yǔ)從句，代替主句整句話的內(nèi)容，該從句可以放在主句之前，插入到主句之間，也可放在主句之后。而which引導(dǎo)的這類從句卻只能放在主句之后，除此之外，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞還有意義上的區(qū)別，as的意義是“正如、正像，而which的意義是“這、這一點(diǎn)。例如：6a. She passed the exam, as/ which we had expected.6b. She passed the exam, which we hadnt expected.同時(shí)我們還必須注意，as也可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。領(lǐng)先行詞被such, as, the same修飾限制時(shí)，我們通常用關(guān)系代詞as來(lái)引導(dǎo)該從句。例如：7&

11、#160; On the subject of reading, Francis Bacon, who lived at about the same time as Shakespeare, 8  They felt such heat in the jungle as they had never felt before. 9  Some people have no doubt that their cat understands as m

12、any words as does a dog. 二 不能直接代入的情況：在不能直接代入時(shí)，我們可以試著根據(jù)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系給先行詞補(bǔ)加一些成分或改變先行詞的形式后，將補(bǔ)加后的詞組或改變后的形式放進(jìn)從句中，并據(jù)此確定正確的引導(dǎo)方式。該引導(dǎo)方式主要包括三種形式：關(guān)系副詞where, when, why；介詞加關(guān)系代詞which, whom; 關(guān)系代詞whose.一使用關(guān)系副詞：1  A fast food restaurant is the place _, just as the name suggests, eating is perfor

13、med quickly.A. which    B. where   C. there   D. what 該句中的先行詞the place顯然是不能直接代入從句中的，但根據(jù)句意補(bǔ)全從句的話，從句的完好形式應(yīng)該是eating is performed quickly in the place，由此便可看出從句缺少的是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)該用where或in which，答案是B。2  We are living in an age_ many things are do

14、ne on computer           A. which   B. that   C. whose   D. when該題與上題的解題思路是一樣的，從句缺少的是in the age這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以我們要么用when，要么用in which。答案是D。3  At the meeting, he explained the reason _he was absent last

15、Monday.A. which   B. that   C. why    D. in which在高考中，關(guān)系副詞where, when是屢次被考過(guò)的內(nèi)容，但why卻很少見(jiàn)，這應(yīng)該引起我們的注意，當(dāng)我們看到先行詞為the reason時(shí)，我們同樣要關(guān)注它在從句中的作用，如筆者在第一部分所列的上海2019年的那道高考題，先行詞reason可以直接代入從句中，所以用關(guān)系代詞，而該句中的the reason卻無(wú)法直接代入，從句中明顯缺少原因狀語(yǔ)，所以我們應(yīng)該用why或for which。因此答案是C

16、。上述三個(gè)例子中的先行詞都是明確表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因的詞，很容易使人聯(lián)想到關(guān)系副詞where, when, why。但有些時(shí)候先行詞不是明確表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間的詞，我們?nèi)匀灰玫絯here和when，這就要求我們根據(jù)句意做出合理的判斷，如：4  If a shop has chairs_ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A. that    B. which    C. when  

17、;  D. where5  There were dirty marks on her trousers_ she had wiped her hands.A. where  B. which    C. when    D. that   6  I can think of many cases_ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressi

18、ons but couldnt write a good essay. A. why    B. which   C. as    D. where上述三個(gè)例子中的先行詞都不是明確表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，但都在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，所以答案分別是D，A，D。7  In a sports team each player has a clear role, and there are few occasions when members are confus

19、ed or uncertain of their roles. 上句中的先行詞occasions通常被翻譯成“。的情況，不是一個(gè)明確表達(dá)時(shí)間的名詞，但用英語(yǔ)解釋的話，一切都一目了然了，其意思是“a time when something happens，因此應(yīng)該使用關(guān)系副詞when。二使用介詞+which/whom領(lǐng)先行詞不能直接代入定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，選項(xiàng)中沒(méi)有關(guān)系副詞或不能使用關(guān)系副詞時(shí)，我們就要考慮是否可以使用介詞+which/whom。這時(shí)介詞的選用就非常重要了。那么如何確定介詞呢？一般有三種方法：8 American women usually identify their bes

20、t friend as someone_ they can talk frequently. A. who     B. as     C. about which   D. with whom9  I saw a women running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction_ she had

21、 come. A. of which     B. by which       C. in which      D. from which上述兩題都牽扯到介詞+which/whom的用法，用什么介詞主要取決于定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞。與某人交談是talk to/with sb.。從某處來(lái)是come from。所以答案分別是D，D。10 Many people who had seen the film were afra

22、id to go to the forest when they remembered scenes_ people were eaten by the tiger. A. in which     B. by which       C. which        D. that11 Do you still remember the day_ you joined our club.A.

23、60;     in which     B. on which       C. which        D. that上述兩題的介詞選用主要取決于先行詞與介詞連用的規(guī)律，與scene連用的通常是in，而特指某一天通常用on，所以答案分別是A，B。12 I have many friends, _ some are businessm

24、en. A. of them      B. from which    C. who of     D. of whom13 There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, _five are mine.A. on which     B. in which      C. of whic

25、h    D. from which   14 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, _80% are sold abroad. A. of which       B. which of       C. of them    D. of that15The

26、schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs_ they are being trained. 死記硬背是一種傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)方式,在我國(guó)有悠久的歷史。但隨著素質(zhì)教育的開(kāi)展,死記硬背被作為一種僵化的、阻礙學(xué)生才能開(kāi)展的教學(xué)方式,漸漸為人們所摒棄;而另一方面,老師們又為進(jìn)步學(xué)生的語(yǔ)文素養(yǎng)煞費(fèi)苦心。其實(shí),只要應(yīng)用得當(dāng),“死記硬背與進(jìn)步學(xué)生素質(zhì)并不矛盾。相反,它恰是進(jìn)步學(xué)生語(yǔ)文程度的重要前提和根底。A. in that      

27、0;  B. for that        C. in which   D. for which16 There are two buildings, _ stands nearly a hundred feet high.A.      the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 以上題目中

28、介詞的選用主要依靠?jī)删鋬?nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系，我們把先行詞放進(jìn)從句中便可以得出以下形式：some of my friends; five of the books; 80% of the shoes; be trained for the job; the larger of the two buildings，然后就可以得出正確答案，依次為：D，C，A，D，D。三使用關(guān)系代詞whosewhose在定語(yǔ)從句中是一個(gè)具有形容詞性質(zhì)的關(guān)系代詞，不能單獨(dú)使用，必須用來(lái)修飾一個(gè)名詞，構(gòu)成一個(gè)詞組共同引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，它可以指人，也可以指物，意義上相當(dāng)于its和ones.17 George Orwel

29、l, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.A the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name 18Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from_ effects the people are still suffering. A. that    B. whose    C. thos

30、e    D. what19Look out! Dont get too close to the house_ roof is under repair.A.      whose   B. which   C. of which   D. that 上述三題的答案都是whose，但第19題應(yīng)該引起我們的注意，因?yàn)槁晕⒆兓幌?，將roof變成the roof，我們就不能再使用whose，答案是C，這時(shí)便構(gòu)成了the roof of the ho

31、use， 引導(dǎo)方式變成了of which the roof或the roof of which。三特殊用法20What surprised me was not what he said but_ he said it. A.      the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which該題的考察牽扯到兩個(gè)方面，一是句子成分的分析，but之后所缺的是一個(gè)只能用名詞而不能用介詞充當(dāng)?shù)谋碚Z(yǔ)，因此應(yīng)在A和D之間做出選擇；二是應(yīng)該用什么關(guān)系詞修飾先行詞way的問(wèn)題，假如先行詞wa

32、y在從句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的話，我們可以用that或which；但假如先行詞way在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，我們有三種選擇：that, in which或省略關(guān)系代詞，因此該題的答案是A。要練說(shuō)，得練聽(tīng)。聽(tīng)是說(shuō)的前提，聽(tīng)得準(zhǔn)確，才有條件正確模擬，才能不斷地掌握高一級(jí)程度的語(yǔ)言。我在教學(xué)中，注意聽(tīng)說(shuō)結(jié)合，訓(xùn)練幼兒聽(tīng)的才能，課堂上，我特別重視老師的語(yǔ)言，我對(duì)幼兒說(shuō)話，注意聲音清楚，上下起伏，抑揚(yáng)有致，富有吸引力，這樣能引起幼兒的注意。當(dāng)我發(fā)現(xiàn)有的幼兒不專心聽(tīng)別人發(fā)言時(shí)，就隨時(shí)表?yè)P(yáng)那些靜聽(tīng)的幼兒，或是讓他重復(fù)別人說(shuō)過(guò)的內(nèi)容，抓住教育時(shí)機(jī)，要求他們專心聽(tīng)，用心記。平時(shí)我還通過(guò)各種興趣活動(dòng)，培養(yǎng)幼兒邊聽(tīng)邊記，邊聽(tīng)邊想，邊聽(tīng)邊說(shuō)的才能，如聽(tīng)詞對(duì)詞，聽(tīng)詞句說(shuō)意思，聽(tīng)句子辯正誤，聽(tīng)故事講述故事，聽(tīng)謎語(yǔ)猜謎底，聽(tīng)智力故事，動(dòng)腦筋，出主意，聽(tīng)兒歌上句，接兒歌下句等，這樣幼兒學(xué)得生動(dòng)活潑，輕松愉快，既訓(xùn)練了聽(tīng)的才能，強(qiáng)化了記憶，又開(kāi)展了思維，為說(shuō)打下了根底。   21In the office I never seem to have time u