英語(yǔ)九種時(shí)態(tài)完全解析（課堂PPT）

1、1初中英語(yǔ)初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)點(diǎn)撥時(shí)態(tài)點(diǎn)撥2一、定義一、定義在英語(yǔ)中，不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作要用不同的動(dòng)詞形式來(lái)表示，這每一種不同的形式就叫做時(shí)態(tài)。3二、時(shí)態(tài)的種類（44）一般時(shí)態(tài)-強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作本身。具有敘述性質(zhì)。進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)-強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的過(guò)程。具有描繪性、 生動(dòng)性完成時(shí)態(tài)-強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果。具有邏輯推導(dǎo) 性。完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)-強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連貫不斷和結(jié)果。 具有原因和過(guò)程的描述性。 4 狀態(tài)狀態(tài) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)基本結(jié)構(gòu) 時(shí)間時(shí)間 一一般般進(jìn)進(jìn)行行完完成成完成完成進(jìn)行進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過(guò)去過(guò)去將來(lái)將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成現(xiàn)在完成 時(shí)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)行時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一

2、般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)將來(lái)完成將來(lái)完成 進(jìn)進(jìn)行時(shí)行時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成過(guò)去將來(lái)完成 時(shí)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行完成進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)5 狀態(tài)狀態(tài) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)基本結(jié)構(gòu) V時(shí)間時(shí)間 一一般般進(jìn)進(jìn)行行完完成成完成完成進(jìn)行進(jìn)行be+ V-ing現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過(guò)去過(guò)去將來(lái)將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)have+ P.Phave been +V-ingV/ V3V-ed+will+wouldworkworksam workingis workingare workinghave workedhas

3、 workedhave been working has been workingworkedwas workingwere workinghad workedhad beenworkingwill workshall workwill be workingshall be working will have workedshall have worked will have been working shall have been workingwould workshould workwould be workingshould beworkingwould have been worki

4、ng should have been workingwould have workedshould have worked6三、常見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)9種時(shí)態(tài)7 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)狀態(tài)狀態(tài) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)基本結(jié)構(gòu) 時(shí)間時(shí)間 一一般般進(jìn)進(jìn)行行完完成成完成完成進(jìn)行進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過(guò)去過(guò)去將來(lái)將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)8完成進(jìn)行狀態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu) 時(shí)間 一般進(jìn)行完成9A、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.構(gòu)成形式（1）肯定式：1）S +be(am/is/are）+表語(yǔ)（狀態(tài)/處所/年齡

5、/職業(yè)等） 2) S(I/ We /You /They /Sbs)+v. 3)單數(shù)第三人稱構(gòu)成形式：He /She /It )+Vs /Ves.（2)否定和疑問(wèn)式：1) S+be(am/is/are) + not . is not = isnt are not= arent Am/ Is/ Are+S+表語(yǔ)？2) S(I/ We/ You / They / Sbs)+dont+V. Do +S+V? dont= do not 3) S(He /She / It /Sb) +doesnt? Does +S+v? doesnt= does not102.用法表示目前或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)或特征.表示客觀

6、存在及普遍真理。表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常和習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與 sometimes,often,usually,always,every等時(shí)間裝于連用。在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，主將從現(xiàn)。表示按時(shí)間或計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，長(zhǎng)與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，常用動(dòng)詞為：come,begin,go,leave,arrive,stop,start,return,open,close etc etc.113.ExamplesHe looks tired.The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.Practice makes perfect.They usua

7、lly come to school earlier.When he comes, well go out to meet him.The train leaves at 17:40.12B、一般過(guò)去時(shí)1.構(gòu)成形式:)肯定形式：was /were+表語(yǔ) Ved +.)否定形式： was/were not+ 表語(yǔ) didnt+V. wasnt= was not werent= were not didnt= did not)疑問(wèn)形式：Was/ were+S+表語(yǔ)? Did +S+V?132.用法表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。表示過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。在狀語(yǔ)從句中表示過(guò)

8、去將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的一連串動(dòng)作，最后兩動(dòng)詞之間用and連接。since 從句常用過(guò)去時(shí)。注：表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作時(shí)，可以用used to或would，但used to側(cè)重于過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在的比較，指現(xiàn)在已不那樣了；would注重過(guò)去習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。143.examplesHe was in Beijing some years ago.She traveled in Europe last year.When I was at collage, I wrote home once a week.He said he would go for a holiday when he finis

9、hed his work.He wet to town ,bought some books and visited his daughter last Sunday.You havent changed much since we last met.She used to take her dog out for a walk along the river.At night she would hear a long low voice.15C、一般將來(lái)時(shí)1、構(gòu)成形式：（1）肯定式(I/We) shall +V. S+ will +V. (2)否定式S+(I /We) shant +V.

10、shant = shall notS+ wont +V. wont = will not（3）疑問(wèn)式Shall +S(I /we) + V?Will + S + V?162.用法表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)（為模糊概念）。will帶有意愿色彩意味，在第二人稱時(shí)，用來(lái)詢問(wèn)對(duì)方是否愿意或客氣的命令。shall用于第一、三人稱時(shí)，用來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或表示建議，相當(dāng)于Lets?3. ExamplesIll go to see a film tomorrow.Will /Would you please bring my book next time?Shall we go and see Mi

11、ss Wang? =Lets go and see miss Wang, shall we?174.表示將來(lái)的其它形式Be going to do sth 表示計(jì)劃、打算、準(zhǔn)備做某事。Be to do sth 表示擬定或計(jì)劃中要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或按之則必須做的事情。Be about to do sth 常when從句于連用，表示將要做某事時(shí)，正在這時(shí)。Be on the way to do sth 表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)有時(shí)也可以表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作（1、在狀語(yǔ)從句中。2、按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示安排、計(jì)劃好要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用的動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, sta

12、rt begin, arrive, return等。185.examplesI am going to leave for Japan next year.The meeting is to be held at 9:00 next morning.You are to hand in your homework this afternoon. She is about to go bed when the telephone rings.He is leaving for Beijing soon.The train starts at 8:00 next morning.When he c

13、omes, well go out to meet him.19D、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1.形式S +would /should +V.Was/ were going to do sth.Was /were to do sth.Was /were about to do sth.2.用法表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。would為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣；現(xiàn)在客氣的請(qǐng)求和愿望。He said that he would go back to his hometown the next week.The old man would sit in

14、the cocking chair.I would like to a cup of tea.20E、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1、S+ be (am /is /are) +Ving 2、用法：表示此時(shí)此刻或現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。某些動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。同always, often等連用是表示贊揚(yáng)、厭煩。在狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。He is writing a letter nowIm hoping to hear from you.The boy is always talking in the class.When you are crossing the street, be car

15、eful. 213.下列幾類動(dòng)詞不用進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)感知或感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞：hear, see, seem, smell, sound, look, feel等。表示心理或情感的動(dòng)詞：like, love, hate, prefer, wish等。表示狀態(tài)存在的動(dòng)詞：be, exist, remain, stay, 等。表示占有或存屬關(guān)系動(dòng)詞：have, own, belong, contain等。表示思考、理解等心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞：believe, doubt, forget, know, remember, understand等。22F、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在S+ was /wer

16、e+ Ving.進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。描述故事發(fā)生的背景。come, go, leave等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)。I was doing my homework this time last night.The wind was blowing and it was raining.He said that the train was leaving the station.23G、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)S+ has /have+ pp.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，常于already, ever, never, just, yet, still等詞連用。表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作

17、或狀態(tài)（常與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用）。且常與for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即：for+一段時(shí)間或since+過(guò)去時(shí)間或從句。在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)。24注：常與so far, in the past /lastyear, week, day, month等連用。常在It /This /That is+序數(shù)詞time that 從句應(yīng)用。不與when從句或過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。S has /have been+地點(diǎn)/here /there ，表示到過(guò)或去過(guò)某處（有過(guò)盡歷）。S has /have gone+地點(diǎn)here /there,表示去了某處（即不在這里、已離開(kāi)）。25exampl

18、esHe hasnt yet turned off the light.She has ever read this book.Ill returned the book to you as soon as I have finished it.He has lived here since last summer.We have been here for 3 years. He has worked in the factory since last year/he came here.China has changed greatly in the past ten years .Thi

19、s is the first time that they have come here.He has been to Australia.He has gone to Australia.26終止性動(dòng)詞和持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作不但可以延續(xù)，而且可以產(chǎn)生持久的影響。常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞有：be，have，keep，know，learn，lie，live，read，sing，sleep，stand，stay，wait，walk，watch等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法很廣，但常見(jiàn)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的句子中，且常與for，how，long，since等引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句連用。例如：

20、 1I have learned more than 1，000 Chinese words since I came to China 自從來(lái)到中國(guó)，我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了l，000多個(gè)漢字。 2We have lived in Linqing since we came here自從來(lái)到這兒，我們就一直住在臨清。 3I have kept the picture for about three years這張畫(huà)我保存了大約三年。 27終止性動(dòng)詞 終止性動(dòng)詞又稱為瞬間動(dòng)詞或非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，它表示的動(dòng)作不能延續(xù)，也就是說(shuō)動(dòng)作一旦發(fā)生就立即結(jié)束，并產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果。常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞有：accept，arrive，

21、become，begin，borrow，break，buy，catch，close，come，die，end，fall，finish，get，give，go，join，leave，put，reach，receive，shut，start，stop等。終止性動(dòng)詞用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)要注意下面三點(diǎn)： 1.終止性動(dòng)詞可直接用來(lái)表示某一動(dòng)作的完成。例如： They have reached Shanghai他們已經(jīng)到達(dá)了上海。 Has he gone to London? 他已經(jīng)到倫敦去了嗎? 2.終止性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)，所以，在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中一般不能和以since，for等引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間

22、的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如： 那老人已經(jīng)死了一周了。The old man has died for a week(誤) 他三天前就已經(jīng)來(lái)這兒了。He has come here since three days ago(誤) 在以上兩句中，die和come都是終止性動(dòng)詞，可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但不能與以 since或for引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。28 1把終止性動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞。例如： The old man has been dead for a week He has been here since three days ago 2把原句中的一段時(shí)間改為表示“過(guò)去”的時(shí)間，時(shí)態(tài)由現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)改

23、變成一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如： The old man died a week ago He came here three days ago 3用“It is+時(shí)間+since”句式。例如： It ishas been a week since the old man died It has beenis three days since he came here 4用“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間+has passed+since”句式。例如： A week has passed since the old men died Three days had passed since he came here 29exa

24、mplesexamples1.他來(lái)北京五天了。He has been in Beijing for 5 days.He has come to Beijing for 5 days. ()2.小明入團(tuán)三年了。Xiao Ming has been in the League for 3 years.Xiao Ming has been a League member for 3 yearsXiao Ming has joined the League for three years.3. 這本書(shū)他買了一年了He has had this book for a year.He has bought this book for a year. 這本書(shū)他借了三天了。He has kept the book for 3 days.He has borrowed the pen for three days.5. 我們離開(kāi)廣州六年了。We have been away from Guangzhou for 6 years.We have left