一短文改錯萬能公式

1、一短文改錯萬能公式1.謂語動詞的錯誤是歷年考試的重點和熱點,常見動詞錯誤類型有:一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去時錯用;and前后動詞時態(tài)不一致;主謂不一致;缺少動詞,特別是be動詞;第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯用;主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)錯用。2.名詞的常見錯誤:單復數(shù)名詞錯用,可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯用。3.連詞錯誤:連詞包括關系代詞、副詞,并列連詞and/or/but等。關于連詞,一般考查從句關系: who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。4.冠詞錯誤:誤用a和an(根據(jù)單詞的第一個音素來判定;誤用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠

2、詞或少冠詞5.形容詞和副詞錯誤:系動詞后用形容詞(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動詞smell/feel;詞性的誤用(形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾動詞、形容詞。6.代詞錯誤:代詞的主格和賓格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us; they/them錯誤;反身代詞(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves使用錯誤;代詞的單數(shù)和復數(shù)使用錯誤;代詞指代錯誤;多代詞或少代詞。7.非謂語動詞的常見錯誤:不定式、動名詞作主語、賓語時;and連接的不定式或動名詞前后不一致(尤其距離較遠時;介詞

3、后用動名詞形式作賓語;某些動詞后要求接動名詞或不定式。8.介詞錯誤:詞組中的介詞誤用;介詞意思理解偏差;介詞的多用或少用。二短文改錯解答口訣動詞形,名詞數(shù); 注意形和副;非謂動詞細辨別;習慣用法要記住;句子成分多分析; 邏輯錯誤須關注。1.動詞形主要包括兩類錯誤:動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤,以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。例如:My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. Now my picture and prize were hanging in the library. ( were are上述

4、例子屬于時態(tài)錯誤。找出此類錯誤的關鍵是樹立牢固的時態(tài)概念,注意短文內容發(fā)生或存在的時間,保持時間概念的一致性。2.名詞數(shù)指名詞單、復數(shù)形式的用法錯誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。例如:so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subject subjects3.區(qū)分形和副即區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯的常考點。例如:Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully wonderfulUnfortunate, there are too man

5、y people in my family. (Unfortunate Unfortunately需要注意的是,形容詞多用來做定、表、補語等,而副詞只能在句子中作狀語,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time,第二句的Unfortunately 作狀語修飾整個句子。4.非謂動詞細辨別這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動名詞類錯誤,也包括不定式類錯誤。例如:in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interesting interestedPlay football not o

6、nly makes us grow up tall and strong but also (Play PlayingMy parents love me and will do all they can make sure (to上述二、三例分別是動名詞作主語,和不定式作目的狀語。一般的,現(xiàn)在分詞有主動態(tài)和進行時的含義,而過去分詞具有被動態(tài)和完成時的含義,不定式有將來時態(tài)的含義。5.習慣用法要記住主要考查習慣搭配方面的基礎知識。這也是歷年高考的?？键c,其錯誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種:多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。例如:It was very kind for them to meet me at the

7、railway station and ( forof We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. ( of 6.句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語境要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對句子結構和句子成分作細致的分析,才能找出用詞不當?shù)腻e誤。例如:Theyeager to know everything about China and(areI live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (where which第一例漏掉了謂語動詞are,

8、這是受漢語習慣的影響而導致的錯誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副詞,不能作主語。7.邏輯錯誤須關注與句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,屬于邏輯性錯誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴,人名、地名、時間、方位等方面的錯誤,常是這類錯誤的考查對象。例如:The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(his theirFirst, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more上述第一例中的主語是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆,因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的

9、意思,才開始告訴別人,怎么能說“再告訴你一些事”?除了上述錯誤類型外,?？嫉腻e誤形式還有:連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯誤,以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。例如:She was smiling but nodding at me.(but andIt looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(and or We may be one family and live under a same roof.(a the三短文改錯參考原則1.改動以最少為原則;2.虛詞以添加或刪除為原則;3.實詞以改變詞形為原則;4.以保持句子原意為原則;5.核對錯項時,若的確有一