高考倒裝句詳解

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高考倒裝句詳解倒裝句一、 倒裝句之全部倒裝全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：1）here， there， now， then， thus等副詞置于句首， 謂語動詞常用be， come， go， lie， run.There goes the bell.Then came the chairman.Here is your letter.2）表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置于句首，謂語表示運動的動詞。Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.Ahead sat

2、an old woman.注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如：Here he comes. Away they went. 二、倒裝句之部分倒裝部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需添加助動詞do， does或did，并將其置于主語之前。1）句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no， not， never， seldom， little， hardly， at no time， in no way， not until 等。Never have I seen such a perfor

3、mance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。I have never seen such a performance.The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例題1）Why cant I smoke here？ At no time_

4、 in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permittedB.smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permittedD.does smoking permit答案A. 這是一個倒裝問題。當(dāng)否定詞語置于句首以表示強調(diào)時，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 這些否定詞包括no， little， hardly， seldom， never， not only， not until等。本題的正常語序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2）Not until the earl

5、y years of the 19th century _ what heat is.A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know答案D. 看到Not until的句型，我們知道為一倒裝句，答案在C，D 中選一個。改寫為正常語序為， Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現(xiàn)在將not提前，后面就不能再用否定了，否則意思就變了。 三、以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝如 Not onlybut also， Hardly/Scarc

6、elywhen， No sooner thanNot only did he refuse the gift， he also severely criticized the sender.Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.典型例題No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began B.has the game begunC. di

7、d the game begin D.had the game begun答案D. 以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時，一般采用倒裝句（謂語前置）。這類表示否定意義的詞有never， seldom， scarcely， little， few， not， hardly， 以及not onlybut （also）， no soonerthan， hardly when scarcely when等等。注意：只有當(dāng)Not only but also連接兩個分句時，才在第一個分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only but also僅連接兩個并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Not only you bu

8、t also I am fond of music. 四、so， neither， nor作部分倒裝表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒裝。Tom can speak French. So can Jack.If you wont go， neither will I.典型例題-Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother？-I dont know， _.A. nor dont I careB. nor do I careC. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also答案：B. nor為增補意思“也不關(guān)心”

9、，因此句子應(yīng)倒裝。A錯在用 dont 再次否定， C neither 用法不對且缺乏連詞。 D缺乏連詞。注意： 當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對上文內(nèi)容加以證實或肯定時，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為“的確如此”。Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.-Its raining hard.-So it is. 五、only在句首要倒裝的情況Only in this way， can you learn English well.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meetin

10、g.如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝Only when he is seriously ill， does he ever stay in bed. 六、as， though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 （形容詞， 副詞， 分詞， 實義動詞提前）。注意：1）句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。2）句首是實義動詞， 其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語， 隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。Try hard as he will， he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意：讓步狀

11、語從句中，有though，although時，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。考點！考點1； “強調(diào)否定狀語的倒裝句”的基本用法“強調(diào)否定狀語的倒裝句”是指為了強調(diào)句子中針對全句的否定狀語，將其置于句首所引起部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。?？嫉姆庞诰涫滓鸩糠值寡b的含有否定意義的狀語有： never, seldom, rarely, little, few, hardly/scarcely . when ., no sooner . than ., at no time, by no means, no longer, not only . but also ., not unti

12、l, nowhere, neither . nor . 等。例如： Never shall I forget this lesson. 我絕對不會忘記這個教訓(xùn)。/ Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person. 我一生中很少遇見這樣意志堅定的人。/ No sooner had we reached the station than the train left. 我們剛到車站， 火車就開了。/ No longer will I believe a word you say. 你的話我以后一個字也不相信了。/ Not only

13、 was Churchill a statesman, but also (he was) a poet.(not only . but also . 連接兩個句子時， 前一個句子倒裝， 后一個不倒裝)丘吉爾不僅是一位政治家，還是一位詩人。/ Not until quite recently did I have any idea what a guided missile was like. 直到最近我才知道導(dǎo)彈是個什么樣子。注意： 如果放在句首的否定狀語只否定主語或句中的副詞， 而不針對全句， 就不用進行倒裝。例如： Not a soul was anywhere visible. 到處見

14、不到一個人。/ Hardly anybody believes that. 幾乎沒有人相信那件事。/ Not long ago it rained. 不久前下過雨。考題1 Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _ with my progress. (2006重慶)A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied答案 D解析題干中

15、的but表明其后的句子應(yīng)表示與“Ive tried very hard to improve my English.”相反的意義， 即“老師并不對我的進步感到滿意”。否定主句的狀語by no means放于句首表示強調(diào)時， 主句應(yīng)進行部分倒裝，而且不應(yīng)再在句中加入否定詞not， 據(jù)此可以排除A、 B、 C而選出D?？碱}2 Little _ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business. (2007安徽)A. he realized B. he didnt r

16、ealizeC. didnt he realize D. did he realize答案 D解析 句首作狀語的副詞little本身含有否定意義， 不需另外加not， 由此排除選項B、 C；由于句首little之后應(yīng)使用部分倒裝， 由此進一步排除正常語序形式的選項A而選出D。考題3 They have a good knowledge of English but little _ they know about German. (2005天津)A. have B. did C. had D. do答案 D解析 含有否定意義的狀語little(在這里little作副詞)位于分句的句首時， 主句

17、要進行部分倒裝?！皌hey have a good knowledge of English”這一分句采用的是一般現(xiàn)在時， 下劃線處所表示的時態(tài)應(yīng)與此一致， 故應(yīng)填入do。考題4 Did Linda see the traffic accident? No, no sooner _ than it happened. (2006天津)A. had she gone B. she had goneC. has she gone D. she has gone答案 A解析 hardly/scarcely. when., no sooner. than. 都表示“一就”， 前面的主句通常用過去完成時

18、， 后面的從句通常用一般過去時， 而且當(dāng)hardly, scarcely或no sooner放于句首時， 前面的主句應(yīng)采用部分倒裝。考題5 Not only _ interested in football but _ beginning to show an interest in it. (2002上海春)A. the teacher himself is; all his students areB. the teacher himself is; are all his studentsC. is the teacher himself; are all his studentsD.

19、is the teacher himself; all his students are答案 D解析 not only. but (also). 連接兩個并列分句并且包含否定含義的not only放于句首時， not only后的分句要進行部分倒裝， but (also) 后的分句不進行倒裝， 因此本題應(yīng)選D。考題6 Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. (1995)A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realizedC. the

20、 villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize答案 A解析 not. until. 表示“直到才”， 在為了表示強調(diào)而把否定主句的not until提至句首時，主句要采用倒裝語序(until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句不倒裝)， 因此本題應(yīng)選A?？碱}7 Never before _ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. (2005上海)A. has this city been B. this city has beenC. was this city D. t

21、his city was答案 A解析 否定主句的狀語never before放于句首表示強調(diào)時， 主句應(yīng)進行部分倒裝， 又因為描述的是一個與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，并對現(xiàn)在有影響的動作， 所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時， 本題應(yīng)選A。考題8 The old couple married for 40 years and never once _ with each other. (2003)A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreledC. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled答案 C解析 并列句的后一分句把否定性狀語never o

22、nce放在了句首表示強調(diào)， 該分句應(yīng)進行部分倒裝，又因為描述了一個與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)， 且對現(xiàn)在有影響的動作， 所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時， 本題應(yīng)選C。考題9 I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _ so happy! (2000北京、 安徽春)A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt答案 D解析 否定性狀語never in all my life放于句首時， 該句要進行部分倒裝， 又因為需要表示說話人得到夢寐以求的工作之前沒有這么開心過這一“過去的過去”的情況，

23、 下劃線處應(yīng)采用過去完成時， 所以本題應(yīng)選D。考題10 Never in my wildest dreams _ these people are living in such poor conditions. (2006安徽)A. I could imagine B. could I imagineC. I couldnt imagine D. couldnt I imagine答案 B解析 否定性狀語never in my wildest dreams放于句首時， 該句要進行部分倒裝，排除選項C、 D； never本身已經(jīng)表示否定， 不應(yīng)再重復(fù)使用否定形式， 因此進一步排除D而選出B?？碱}

24、11 I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _ so lonely as now. (2007遼寧)A. have I felt B. I had feltC. I have felt D. had I felt答案 A解析 否定性狀語seldom位于but之后分句的句首， 該分句應(yīng)該進行部分倒裝， 由此排除選項B、 C； 下劃線所在的分句描述現(xiàn)在的情況而不是描述“過去的過去”， 因此應(yīng)進一步排除過去完成時形式的選項D而選出A?？键c2： “only狀語置于句首引起的倒裝句”的基本用法副詞only

25、置于句首，強調(diào)方式狀語、 條件狀語、 地點狀語、 時間狀語等狀語時， 主句要進行部分倒裝。如果被only所強調(diào)的狀語為狀語從句， 該狀語從句不倒裝， 只對主句進行倒裝。例如： Only in a big city was it possible to buy a new wheelchair. 只有在大城市里才能買到新輪椅。/ Only when we had studied the data again did we realize that there was a mistake. 只有當(dāng)我們再次研究了這些數(shù)據(jù)的時候， 我們才意識到出了一個錯。/ Only because there we

26、re some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end. 一些預(yù)訂被取消了，他才得以買到了幾張票。注意： 如果放于句首的only所修飾的不是狀語時， 該句不用倒裝。例如： Only John can save me. 只有約翰能夠救我。Only some of the children passed the examination. 只有幾個孩子通過了考試?？碱}1 _ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. (

27、2006浙江)A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet答案 A解析 放于句首的only修飾方式狀語by keeping down costs時， 全句要進行部分倒裝，而just, still, yet都無此用法?？碱}2 Only in this way _ to make improvements in the operating system. (2003上海春)A. you can hope B. you did hopeC. can you hope D. did you hope答案 C解析 only在題干中放于句首并修飾方式狀語in this way， 全句應(yīng)進

28、行部分倒裝。又由于該句不是介紹過去的情況而是表述現(xiàn)實的一種狀況，所以不應(yīng)采用一般過去時， 本題應(yīng)選C?？碱}3 _ can you expect to get a rise. (2001北京、安徽春)A. With hard work B. Although work hard C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard 答案 C解析 題干中句子的結(jié)構(gòu)顯然為部分倒裝語序，四個選項中只有C選項修飾方式狀語with hard work的only可以引導(dǎo)倒裝句， 因此本題應(yīng)選C?？碱}4 Only when your identity has bee

29、n checked, _. (2003上海)A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed inC. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in答案 D解析 放于句首的only修飾when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句時， 主句應(yīng)進行部分倒裝(從句中不進行倒裝)?？碱}5 Only then _ how much damage had been caused. (2006陜西)A. she realized B. she had realizedC. had she realized D. did she realize答

30、案 D解析放于句首的only修飾時間狀語then時， 主句應(yīng)進行部分倒裝，而且主句中“她意識到”這一過去的動作對應(yīng)的是“已導(dǎo)致?lián)p失”這一發(fā)生得更早的動作， 所以下劃線應(yīng)與后面賓語從句中的過去完成時相呼應(yīng)，采用一般過去時的形式， 據(jù)此可以分別排除選項A、 B和C而選出D?？键c3： “作狀語的介詞短語放于句首引起的倒裝句”的基本用法有時為了強調(diào)而將作狀語的介詞短語放在句首，而將主語放到句末從而形成倒裝， 這種倒裝句中的謂語多為以下不及物動詞： come, lie, stand, walk, 且為全部倒裝的形式。例如： Under the big tree was sitting an old fa

31、rmer. 大樹下坐著一個老農(nóng)夫。/ Along the dusty road came a group of tourists. 一群游客沿著塵土飛揚的路走來。/ In the distance could be seen the purple mountains. 在遠處， 可見到紫紅色的群山。采用這樣的倒裝形式有時也是出于全句平衡的考慮：當(dāng)主語較長時， 為了使句子平衡， 常以作狀語的介詞短語開頭。例如： On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities. 地上放著一些

32、空調(diào)， 它們會被船運到其他城市去。考題1 Just in front of our house _ with a history of 1,000 years. (2006上海春)A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall treeC. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands答案 B解析 狀語前置引起全部倒裝， 主語a tall tree要完全放于謂語stands之后?？碱}2 At the foot of the mountain _. (2006四川)A. a village lie B. lies

33、 a villageC. does a village lie D. lying a village答案 B解析 狀語前置引起全部倒裝， 主語a village要完全放于謂語lies之后?？碱}3 In the dark forests _, some large enough to hold several English towns. (2005遼寧)A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakesC. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand答案 B解析狀語前置引起全部倒裝， 主語many lakes要完全放于謂語lies(stand通

34、常不與lake連用表示“存在”)之后?？键c4： “結(jié)果狀語從句對應(yīng)的so/such位于句首引起的倒裝句”的基本用法當(dāng)“so/such . that .”結(jié)構(gòu)中的so, such連同它所直接修飾的成分共同位于句首表示強調(diào)時，主句要進行倒裝(that后面的結(jié)果狀語從句不倒裝)。例如： So angry was he that he couldnt speak. 他憤怒得一句話也說不出來。(so與作表語的形容詞放于句首， 主句呈現(xiàn)全部倒裝的形式) / So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others. 他跑得如此快， 以至于遠遠領(lǐng)先于其他人。(so

35、與修飾謂語run的副詞fast放于句首，主句呈現(xiàn)部分倒裝的形式) / To such an extent do the parents love their son that they have tried to satisfy every demand of his. 父母倆愛子愛到了如此程度， 以至于盡量滿足他的任何要求。(to such放于句首， 主句呈現(xiàn)部分倒裝的形式) 考題1 So difficult _ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. (2006廣東)A. I did find B.

36、did I find C. I have found D. have I found答案 B解析 so difficult放于句首要引起主句的倒裝， 結(jié)果狀語從句中的“I decided to ask Tom for advice”表明整句話是針對過去的(不強調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)聯(lián))， 不宜用現(xiàn)在完成時而應(yīng)采用一般過去時， 因此本題應(yīng)選B?？碱}2 _ homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest. (2006福建)A. So much B. Too much C. Too little D. So little答案 A解析結(jié)

37、果狀語從句中的“we had no time to take a rest”意味著休息時間很少， 應(yīng)先排除選項C、 D， 又由于放于句首的表語too much不能引起倒裝， 而且意思上也難以與全句融合， 所以進一步排除B?？键c99： “順說倒裝句”的基本用法“順說倒裝句”是順應(yīng)前面所出現(xiàn)的表述、 表明另一種類似情況而形成的部分倒裝形式的倒裝句，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“so/neither/nor助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞be主語”， 用放在句首的so(針對前面肯定性的內(nèi)容)或者neither, nor(針對前面否定性的內(nèi)容)表明與前面所說的情況類似的情況。例如： He can ride a bike, a

38、nd so can I. 他會騎自行車， 我也會。/ The boy died, and a week later, so did his friend. 那男孩死了， 一周后，他朋友也死了。/ Society has changed and so have the people in it. 社會變了，人也跟著變了。/ Tom doesnt like bananas. Neither/Nor does his wife. 湯姆不喜歡吃香蕉。他妻子也不喜歡。/ If you wont go, neither will I. 如果你不去，我也不去。注意： 如果只是重復(fù)前面所說的情況， 表示同意或

39、強調(diào)(意為“是的， 確實”)， so(針對前面肯定性的內(nèi)容)或者neither, nor(針對前面否定性的內(nèi)容)引導(dǎo)的句子不用倒裝， 其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“so/neither/nor主語助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞be”(這里的主語應(yīng)與前面句子的主語一致)。例如： She knows little English, so she does. 她英語懂得不多， 的確如此。/ It was very hot yesterday. 昨天天氣很熱。 So it was. 是很熱?？碱}1 If Joes wife wont go to the party, _.(2007)A. he will either B.

40、 neither will heC. he neither will D. either he will答案 B解析 表示Joe跟他妻子一樣將不出席宴會， 應(yīng)選用四個選項中倒裝形式的“neither will he”， 選項A、 D不能選是因為“either”表示“也”而不含否定含義?？碱}2 Its burning hot today, isnt it? Yes. _ yesterday. (2006福建)A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it答案 A解析 表示昨天的炎熱狀況跟今天的炎熱狀況一樣，應(yīng)選用倒裝句的結(jié)構(gòu)， 由此先排除選項B

41、和C， 又由于描述昨天的情況應(yīng)用一般過去時而不是一般現(xiàn)在時，應(yīng)進一步排除D而選出A?？碱}3 Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? I dont know, _. (1991)A. nor dont I care B. nor do I careC. I dont care neither D. I dont care also答案 B解析 在否定句表示“也”要用either(表示此意時通常放于句末)， 在肯定句中表示“也”則用too(較為通俗，表示此意時通常放于句末)或also(較為莊重， 使用時通常放于句中)， 本題下劃線對應(yīng)于否定句， 不能

42、用also， 所以首先排除了選項D； neither, nor表示“也不”， 本身包含否定意義， 不能與dont連用， 所以進一步排除選項A、 C而選出B。本題中， nor引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝的倒裝句表示前面的否定性的內(nèi)容也適合于另一個人， 其帶上了謂語部分的實義動詞care(若“順說倒裝句”中謂語部分的實義動詞與前一句子謂語部分的實義動詞相同，則一般省略掉該倒裝句中謂語部分的實義動詞)。考題4 You forgot your purse when you went out. Good heavens, _. (2002上海)A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D

43、. I so did答案 B解析 重復(fù)前面表述的同一種情況， 表示強調(diào)時， so引導(dǎo)的句子不進行倒裝?？碱}5 Well. I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast. _.(2005遼寧)A. So it is B. So is it C. So does it D. So it does答案 A解析 肯定前一句話中的賓語從句“the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal”， so引導(dǎo)的句子不進行倒裝， 而且so引導(dǎo)的句子中謂語動詞要與該賓語從句中的謂

44、語動詞相一致?？碱}6 My room gets very cold at night. _.(2007江蘇)A. So is mine B. So mine isC. So does mine D. So mine does答案 C解析 下劃線處肯定對方所述情況、 表示“我的房間的確如此”， 應(yīng)采用不倒裝的形式， 而且其謂語動詞形式應(yīng)該與對方所說陳述句的謂語動詞形式一致。本章補充強化訓(xùn)練題1. Never _ time come back again.A. will you lose B. will lostC. have I lost D. am I losing2. Not until he arrived home _ that his wallet had been stolen.A. he had found B. he foundC. did he find D. had he founded3. Not until _ home _ his parents had been ill for three days.A. he got; he knew B. did he get; he knewC