非謂語動詞之動詞的-ed形式

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上詞法：非謂語動詞之動詞的ed形式1. 動詞的-ed形式的結(jié)構(gòu)特征動詞的-ed形式，又稱過去分詞，通常是動詞原形后加-ed構(gòu)成的，但也有不規(guī)則的形式（詳細參閱詞法之動詞）。動詞的-ed形式仍保留著動詞的許多特征，因此在句中可以有自己的狀語和邏輯主語，帶雙賓語的及物動詞構(gòu)成的動詞的-ed形式還可以有自己的賓語，其否定形式是在其前加not。Given enough care , the children can cooperate better .（帶有自己的賓語）如果給予足夠的關(guān)心，孩子們會合作得更好。Greatly encouraged , we made up our

2、 mind to carry on the hard work .（帶有自己的狀語）2. 動詞的-ed形式的語法功能動詞的-ed形式既有副詞的特征也有動詞的特征，在句中可作表語、定語、賓語補足語、主語補足語、狀語等成分。（1） 作表語動詞的-ed形式作表語表示主語的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。狀態(tài)性動詞的-ed形式作表語The shops have remained shut for a week .All the people present were already seated , waiting for the conference to open .All of us were moved to

3、 tears at the sorrowful story .形容詞性的動詞的-ed形式作表語作表語的動詞的-ed形式表示事物的性質(zhì)，這些詞往往被視為形容詞，可以用very進行修飾（詳細參閱詞法之形容詞）。Most of middle school students are interested in pop stars and NBAstar players .I was very surprised to see little Jimmy run so fast in the game .N：有些表示位置移動的不及物動詞的-ed形式也可作表語。Spring is gone and summ

4、er is come .The sun is already set .（2） 作定語動詞的-ed形式作定語有的置于被修飾詞的前面，有的置于被修飾詞的后面。置于被修飾詞的前面單個的-ed形式作定語往往置于被修飾詞的前面，通常為及物動詞的-ed形式，表示被動和完成意義。We only sell used books in our bookstore .She is wearing an excited expression today .今天她臉上一直帶著興奮的表情。The lost time can never be found again .N：少數(shù)表示位置移動和狀態(tài)改變的不及物動詞的-ed

5、形式也可作前置定語，但不表示被動，只表示完成。the changed situation 改變了的形勢 a retired teacher 退休的教師 the fallen leaves 落葉 a returned overseas Chinese 歸國的華僑 a developed country 發(fā)達國家 置于被修飾詞的后面單個動詞的-ed形式作定語時偶爾也可置于被修飾詞的后面，但大多數(shù)作后置定語的動詞的-ed形式是短語形式，此時它更具有動詞的某些性質(zhì)，常起邏輯謂語的作用，在句法上相當于定語從句。Things seen are mightier than things heard .眼見為

6、實，耳聽為虛。The story written by a middle school student is popular in schools .（相當于The story which was written by a middle school student is popular in schools .）C：有些動詞的-ed形式可作前置定語，也可作后置定語，有的意義相同，但大多數(shù)意義不同。All the broken windows have been repaired . = All the windows broken have been repaired .所有壞了的窗戶都已經(jīng)

7、修理好了。Weve collected a large quantity of used books .You should put all the books used at hand and the others in order on the shelf .特殊的動詞的-ed形式作前置定語有些經(jīng)常不單獨用作定語的動詞的-ed形式，在加上前綴un-或與某些副詞、名詞和形容詞構(gòu)成復合語后，可作前置定語。有些名詞，特別是當其前面有修飾語時，可加-ed形式構(gòu)成復合形容詞作定語。untold sufferings 說不盡的痛若 newly laid eggs 剛下的雞蛋 deep-set eyes

8、 深陷的眼睛 unfinished work 沒完成的工作kind-hearted people 心地善良的人 warm-hearted people 熱心腸的人 cold-blooded animals 冷血動物 a blue-eyed girl 藍眼睛的姑娘 short-sighted students 近視眼的學生 a white-haired woman 一位白發(fā)婦女 a three-legged table 三條腿的桌子 a fifteen-storeyed building 十五層的大樓 （3） 作補足語動詞的-ed形式可作表語補足語，也可作主語補足語。作賓語補足語作賓語補足語的動

9、詞的-ed形式多來自及物動詞，說明賓語的狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)，與賓語一起構(gòu)成復合賓語。此時它前面的賓語就是其邏輯主語。If you want to make yourself respected , you are above all to respect others .I found myself lost and couldnt sense the right direction .I would prefer all the difficulties in the books marked .N：在have,get兩個動詞后，可用動詞的-ed形式作賓語補足語，表示特殊的含義。I am going

10、 to have/get all the letters mailed .（自己寄或找人寄）I must go to town to have/get my DELLcomputer repaired .（找人修理）I had my bike broken on half way home .（遭受某種不愉快或不幸，此時只能用have不能用get .）作主語補足語把作賓語補足語的句子改為被動句，原來的賓語補足語便隨之變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語。The boy was found lost and couldnt find his way back .Almost no student is seen pu

11、nished in this school .（4） 作狀語動詞的-ed形式在句中作狀語，它可以表示時間、原因、讓步、結(jié)果、方式、條件等。時間狀語作時間狀語的動詞的-ed形式可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有時也置于主語和謂語之間。Asked about his family , he made no answer . He asked about his family , made no answer ,He made no answer , asked about his family .當被問到有關(guān)他的家庭情況時，他沒有回答。Lost in the forest , you should fi

12、rst of all remain where you are , waiting for help to come .原因狀語表示原因的分詞短語一般置于句首，偶爾也置于句尾或句中。Seriously injured ,he had to be taken to hospital .The child learns fast well brought up by his parents .條件狀語表示條件的狀語常位于句首。United , we stand ; divided , we fall .聯(lián)合起來我們就能站立，分裂我們必然倒下。Seen in the distance , the v

13、illage looks more beautiful .Given more time and money , we would have done the work better . 伴隨或方式狀語這種狀語可位于句首、句中或句尾。The hunter walked slowly in the forest , followed by his wolf dog .Followed by his wolf dog , the hunter walked slowly in the forest .The hunter,followed by his wolf dog , walked slowly in the forest .獵人在森林里慢慢地走著，后面跟著一條狼狗。N：根據(jù)需要，-ed形式前面也可加上when,while,until,once,though,although,as long as , so long as,unless,as if,as though,even if;even though 等詞。As后不能跟-ed形式。在before,after,without等詞后