七年級(jí)英語 下冊下冊Unit 3-4的語法歸納

1、.七年級(jí)英語 人教版下冊下冊Unit 3-4的語法歸納一、學(xué)習(xí)目的掌握下冊Units 3-4的語法內(nèi)容。二、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)：1. how引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句；2. 祈使句的用法；3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have to, must。難點(diǎn)：祈使句的用法?！菊Z法學(xué)習(xí)】一、how引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句【用法1】how引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，可用來詢問做某事的方式或方法，也可用來詢問某人或某物的狀況?！居梅?】how可與其他詞連用，來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句。 how old 多大，提問年齡。【例句】How old is your sister? 你的妹妹多大了？ how many 多少，提問可數(shù)名詞的量?！纠洹縃ow many ban

2、anas do you want? 你想要多少香蕉? how much 多少，提問不可數(shù)名詞的量。 多少錢；提問價(jià)格?！纠洹縃ow much water is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少水？How much is the sweater? 這件毛衣多少錢？ how long 多長時(shí)間，提問一段時(shí)間。 多長，提問物體的長度?！纠洹縃ow long does it take you to get home? 你到家要花費(fèi)多長時(shí)間？How long is the classroom? 這教室多長？ how far 多遠(yuǎn)，提問間隔 。【例句】How far is the

3、 park from here? 公園離這兒多遠(yuǎn)？【拓展】 how soon 多快?！纠洹縃ow soon will he be back? 他多快回來？ how often 多久一次，提問頻率。【例句】How often do you go to the movie? 你多久去看一次電影？【考題鏈接】1. _ is it to the train station? About six kilometers.A. How long B. How far C. How much D. How often答案：B思路分析：根據(jù)答語“大約六公里可知問句詢問間隔 ，故排除A, C, D三項(xiàng)。2. _

4、 do you live here?For about five months.A. How much B. How often C. How long D. How far答案：C思路分析：根據(jù)答語“大約五個(gè)月可知問句提問一段時(shí)間，應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。3. _ are the socks?Theyre 10 yuan.A. How old B. How much C. How soon D. How many答案：B思路分析：根據(jù)答語“它們10元可知問句提問價(jià)格，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。對畫線部分提問1. I go hiking twice a week._ _ do you go hiking?2. It tak

5、es me 15 minutes to walk to school._ _ _ it _ you to walk to school? 3. Its three miles from my home to school._ _ is it from your home to school?4. I go to school by car._ _ you go to school?5. I sleep nine hours every night._ _ _ do you sleep every night?6. His son is 11 years old._ _ is his son?7

6、. The boy will finish his homework in 2 hours. _ _ will the boy finish his homework?8. I want two glasses of milk._ _ milk do you want?9. I think the book is interesting. _ do you _ the book?10. My skirt is 20 dollars. _ _ is your skirt?答案：1. How often 2. How long does; take 3. How far 4. How do 5.

7、How many hours 6. How old 7. How soon 8. How much 9. How; like 10. How much二、祈使句的用法1. 定義用來表示懇求、命令、建議、號(hào)召、警告等的句子。說話的對象大多為第二人稱you，且常被省略。句末用感慨號(hào)或句號(hào)，讀時(shí)用降調(diào)。為了表示客氣，常用please一詞。放在句首時(shí)，其后不加逗號(hào)；放在句末時(shí)，其前通常加逗號(hào)。2. 構(gòu)成祈使句分為肯定祈使句和否認(rèn)祈使句。1 肯定祈使句的構(gòu)成： Do型，即以行為動(dòng)詞原形開頭。【例句】Stand up, please! 請起立！ Be型，即以動(dòng)詞be開頭。【例句】Be quiet plea

8、se! 請安靜！ Let型，即以let開頭?！纠洹縇ets play basketball. 讓咱們?nèi)ゴ蚧@球吧。【考題鏈接】1. Please _ the blackboard.A. look B. look at C. to look D. to look at答案：B思路分析：本句是一個(gè)祈使句，動(dòng)詞用原形。look是不及物動(dòng)詞，后接賓語時(shí)要先接介詞at，故B項(xiàng)正確。2. Let Lily _ piano.A. play B. to play C. to play the D. play the答案：D思路分析：閱讀題干，piano是樂器“鋼琴，故“彈鋼琴用play the piano；l

9、et sb.后接動(dòng)詞原形，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。2 否認(rèn)祈使句的構(gòu)成： Do型和Be型的否認(rèn)式，在動(dòng)詞前加dont或never。【例句】Dont come in. 不要進(jìn)來。Never be angry. 絕不生氣。 Let型的有兩種否認(rèn)形式：在let前加dont 或在let sb. 后加not?！纠洹緿ont let them cry. = Let them not cry. 不要讓他們哭。Let me not go there. = Dont let me go there. 不要讓我去那兒。No +v.-ing形式/名詞，用于警示人們不要做某事。No swimming! 制止游泳！No photo

10、s! 制止拍照！【考題鏈接】1. _ late for school.A. Not be B. Not is C. Dont be D. Dont is答案：C思路分析：閱讀題干和選項(xiàng)可知此題考察否認(rèn)祈使句。開頭用Dont，后接動(dòng)詞原形，故C項(xiàng)正確。句意為“上學(xué)不要遲到。2. _ smoking!A. Not B. Dont C. No D. Doesnt答案：C思路分析：smoking是動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，故其前用No。句意為“制止吸煙！。3. 答語祈使句的動(dòng)作通常是將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以答復(fù)祈使句時(shí)，一般用will或wont?！纠洹縋lease pass me that book. 請把那

11、本書遞給我。OK, I will. 可以。【注意】在答復(fù)具有否認(rèn)意義的祈使句時(shí)，要注意形式一致和意義相反。即：yes與will；no與wont要一致；yes意為“不；no意為“是?！纠洹緿ont go out. Its raining hard. 不要出去了。天正下著大雨。Yes, I will. Lily is waiting for me. 不，我要去。莉莉在等我呢。【考題鏈接】Peter, dont step on the grass. _. A. It doesnt matter B. I cant do it C. Dont worry D. Sorry, I wont do it

12、 again答案：D思路分析：閱讀題干可知是否認(rèn)祈使句“不要踐踏草地，其答語應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)“對不起，我不會(huì)再那樣做了。其他三項(xiàng)不合句意。4. 注意祈使句和陳述句的連用祈使句與陳述句連用，有兩種形式：1祈使句+ and/ then + 陳述句，二者之間表示一種順承關(guān)系?！纠洹縎tudy hard, and you can get good grades. 努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就會(huì)獲得好成績。2祈使句+ or +陳述句，二者之間表示一種否認(rèn)條件關(guān)系?！纠洹縃urry up, or well be late. 快點(diǎn)，否那么我們會(huì)遲到的?！究碱}鏈接】Hurry up, _ you will miss the e

13、arly bus.A. or B. and C. so D. but答案：A思路分析：閱讀各選項(xiàng)可知A項(xiàng)意為“或者；否那么；B項(xiàng)意為“和，表示并列關(guān)系或順承關(guān)系；C項(xiàng)意為“所以，表示因果關(guān)系；D項(xiàng)意為“但是，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意“快點(diǎn)和“你會(huì)耽誤早班車可知用or，意為“否那么。句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. You must come here early tomorrow. 改為祈使句_ here early tomorrow!2. Look at the picture! 改為否認(rèn)句_ _ at the picture!3. Let her help you. 改為否認(rèn)句_ _her help you.4

14、. You cant be late next time. 改為祈使句_ _ late next time.5. You can drink and eat in the dining hall. 改為否認(rèn)祈使句_ drink _ eat in the dining hall.答案：1. Come 2. Dont look 3. Dont let 4. Dont be 5. Dont; or 三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have to, must1. have to意為“不得不，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要，能用于多種時(shí)態(tài)。本身有第三人稱單數(shù)形式has to?！纠洹縈y brother is ill. I have to

15、look after him at home. 我弟弟生病了。我不得不在家照看他?！究键c(diǎn)1】一般如今時(shí)態(tài)中，have to 的否認(rèn)句要借助助動(dòng)詞dont / doesnt，再加have to?！纠洹縔ou dont have to come here so early. 你不必那么早來這兒。Lucy doesnt have to wear school uniforms. 露西不必穿校服?！究键c(diǎn)2】一般如今時(shí)態(tài)中，have to的一般疑問句要借助于助動(dòng)詞do/ does放在開頭，后接have to。【例句】Does he have to wear a hat? 他必須戴帽子嗎？【考點(diǎn)3】一般

16、如今時(shí)態(tài)中，特殊疑問句是：特殊疑問詞+ do/ does+主語+have to +其他？【例句】What does he have to do? 他必須做什么？【考題鏈接】Its too late. We _ go home.A. can B. have to C. may D. must答案：B思路分析：根據(jù)“天太晚了可知“我們不得不回家，是客觀上的必須，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。2. must意為“必須；應(yīng)當(dāng)，表示義務(wù)、命令或必要。強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法，沒有時(shí)態(tài)變化。否認(rèn)式mustnt表示“制止，嚴(yán)禁。【例句】He must work today. 今天他必須工作。You mustnt take the book

17、 away from the library. 你不可以把這本書帶出圖書館。假如將書帶出圖書館將違背相關(guān)法律法規(guī)?！究键c(diǎn)4】以must開頭的一般疑問句，簡單肯定答復(fù)用must，簡單否認(rèn)答復(fù)用neednt或dont have to。neednt 相當(dāng)于dont have to，意為“不必?！纠洹縈ust I do the dishes today? 我今天必須洗餐具嗎？Yes, you must. / No, you neednt/ dont have to. 是的，必須。/ 不，你不必。【考題鏈接】1. May I go to the cinema, Mom?Certainly. But y

18、ou _ be back by 11 oclock.A. can B. may C. must D. need答案：C思路分析：根據(jù)答語“當(dāng)然可以了和轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知后句句意為“你必須11點(diǎn)以前回來。應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C正確。can意為“能；會(huì)；可以；may意為“可以；need意為“需要；有必要。2. Dad, must I finish my homework today?No, you _. You may do it tomorrow.A. neednt B. mustnt C. dont D. wont答案：A思路分析：以must開頭的一般疑問句，其簡單否認(rèn)答復(fù)用neednt或dont have

19、 to。閱讀各選項(xiàng)可知A項(xiàng)正確。句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. He has to eat in the dining hall. 改為否認(rèn)句He _ _ to eat in the dining hall.2. We must be on time. 改為一般疑問句_ we _ on time?3. Bill has to listen to the music outside. 改為一般疑問句_ Bill _ to listen to the music outside?4. Must they follow the rules? 作否認(rèn)答復(fù)_, they _.5. The students have to read books in the morning. 對畫線部分提問_ _ the students _ to read books?答