開頭萬能公式：

1、英語寫作絕招開頭萬能公式：1 開頭萬能公式一：名人名言有人問了，“我沒有記住名言，怎么辦？尤其是英語名言？”，很好辦：編！原理：我們看到的東西很多都是創(chuàng)造出來的，包括我們欣賞的文章也是，所以盡管編，但是一定要聽起來很有道理呦！而且沒準(zhǔn)將來我們就是名人呢！對吧？經(jīng)典句型：A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” （適用于已記住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （適用于自編名言）更多經(jīng)典句型：As everyone knows, No one can deny tha

2、t2 開頭萬能公式二：數(shù)字統(tǒng)計(jì)原理：要想更有說服力，就應(yīng)該用實(shí)際的數(shù)字來說明。原則上在議論文當(dāng)中十不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)虛假數(shù)字的，可是在考試的時候哪管那三七二十一，但編無妨，只要我有東西寫就萬事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型：According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起來這個數(shù)字文鄒鄒的，其實(shí)都是編造出來的，下面隨便幾個題目我們都可以這樣編造：Honesty根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，大學(xué)生向老師請假的理由當(dāng)

3、中78%都是假的。Travel by Bike根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，85%的人在近距離旅行的時候首選的交通工具是自行車。Youth根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，在某個大學(xué)，學(xué)生的課余時間的70%都是在休閑娛樂。Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型：A recent statistics shows that 寫作的“七項(xiàng)基本原則”：一、 長 短 句原則工作還得一張一馳呢，老讓讀者讀長句，累死人！寫一個短小精辟的句子，相反，卻可以起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首

4、或者段末，也可以揭示主題：As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.如此可見，長短句結(jié)合，抑揚(yáng)頓挫，豈不爽哉？牢記！強(qiáng)烈建議：在文章第一段（開頭）用一長一短，且先長后短；在文章主體部分，要先用一個短句解釋主要意思，然后在闡述幾個要點(diǎn)的時候采用先短后長的句群形式，

5、定會讓主體部分妙筆生輝！文章結(jié)尾一般用一長一短就可以了。二、 主 題 句原則國有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否則會給人造成“群龍無首”之感！相信各位讀過一些破爛文學(xué)，故意把主體隱藏在文章之內(nèi)，結(jié)果造成我們稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉勸各位一定要寫一個主題句，放在文章的開頭（保險(xiǎn)型）或者結(jié)尾，讓讀者一目了然，必會平安無事！特別提示：隱藏主體句可是要冒險(xiǎn)的！To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主題句）. Without sufficient preparat

6、ion, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 一 二 三原則領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講話總是第一部分、第一點(diǎn)、第二點(diǎn)、第三點(diǎn)、第二部分、第一點(diǎn) 如此羅嗦?？僧吘惯€是條理清楚?？脊賯兛次恼乱脖厝灰ㄟ^這些關(guān)鍵性的“標(biāo)簽”來判定你的文章是否結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，條理自然。破解方法很簡單，只要把下面任何一組的詞匯加入到你的幾個要點(diǎn)前就清楚了。1）first, second, third, last（不推薦，原因：俗）2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推薦，原因：俗）3）the first, the

7、second, the third, the last（不推薦，原因：俗）4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推薦，原因：俗）5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（強(qiáng)烈推薦）6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（強(qiáng)烈推薦）7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（強(qiáng)烈推薦）8）most important of all, moreov

8、er, finally9）on the one hand, on the other hand（適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況）10）for one thing, for another thing（適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況）建議：不僅僅在寫作中注意，平時說話的時候也應(yīng)該條理清楚！四、 短語優(yōu)先原則寫作時，尤其是在考試時，如果使用短語，有兩個好處：其一、用短語會使文章增加亮點(diǎn)，如果老師們看到你的文章太簡單，看不到一個自己不認(rèn)識的短語，必然會看你低一等。相反，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)亮點(diǎn)精彩的短語，那么你的文章定會得高分了。其二、關(guān)鍵時刻思維短路，只有湊字?jǐn)?shù)，怎么辦？用短語是一個辦法！比如：I cannot bear it.可以用短

9、語表達(dá)：I cannot put up with it.I want it.可以用短語表達(dá)：I am looking forward to it.這樣字?jǐn)?shù)明顯增加，表達(dá)也更準(zhǔn)確。五、 多實(shí)少虛原則原因很簡單，寫文章還是應(yīng)該寫一些實(shí)際的東西，不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實(shí)詞，少用虛詞。我這里所說的虛詞就是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們說一個很好的時候，不應(yīng)該之說nice這樣空洞的詞，應(yīng)該使用一些諸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之類的形象詞。再比如：走出房間，general的詞是：wa

10、lk out of the room但是小偷走出房間應(yīng)該說：slip out of the room小姐走出房間應(yīng)該說：sail out of the room小孩走出房間應(yīng)該說：dance out of the room老人走出房間應(yīng)該說：stagger out of the room所以多用實(shí)詞，少用虛詞，文章將會大放異彩！六、 多變句式原則1）加法（串聯(lián)）都希望寫下很長的句子，像個老外似的，可就是怕寫錯，怎么辦，最保險(xiǎn)的寫長句的方法就是這些，可以在任何句子之間加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后關(guān)系或者并列關(guān)系。比如說：I enjor music and he is fond of pl

11、aying guitar.如果是二者并列的，我們可以用一個超級句式：Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.其它的短語可以用：besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover2）轉(zhuǎn)折（拐彎抹角）批評某人缺點(diǎn)的時候，我們總習(xí)慣先拐彎抹角說說他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，然后轉(zhuǎn)入正題，再說缺點(diǎn)，這種方式雖然陰險(xiǎn)了點(diǎn)，可畢竟還比較容易讓人接受。所以呢，我們說話的時候，只要在要點(diǎn)之前先來點(diǎn)廢話，注意二者之間用個專這次就夠了。The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condit

12、ion.The coat was thin, but it was warm.更多的短語：despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding3）因果（so, so, so）昨天在街上我看到了一個女孩，然后我主動搭訕，然后我們?nèi)タХ葟d，然后我們認(rèn)識了，然后我們成為了朋友可見，講故事的時候我們總要追求先后順序，先什么，后什么，所以然后這個詞就變得很常見了。其實(shí)這個詞表示的是先后或因果關(guān)系！The snow began to fall, so we went home.更多短語：then,

13、 therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that4）失衡句（頭重腳輕，或者頭輕腳重）有些人腦袋大，身體小，或者有些人腦袋小，身體大，雖然我們不希望長成這個樣子，可如果真的是這樣了，也就必然會吸引別人的注意力。文章中如果出現(xiàn)這樣的句子，就更會讓考官看到你的句子與眾不同。其實(shí)就是主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句的變形。舉例：This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.同樣主語、賓語、表語可以改成如

14、下的復(fù)雜成分：When to go, Why he goes away5）附加（多此一舉）如果有了老婆，總會遇到這樣的情況，當(dāng)你再講某個人的時候，她會插一句說，我昨天見過他；或者說，就是某某某，如果把老婆的話插入到我們的話里面，那就是定語從句和同位語從句或者是插入語。The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.I dont enjoy that book you are reading.Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.其實(shí)很簡單，同位語-要解釋的東西刪除后不影響整個句子的構(gòu)

15、成；定語從句借用之前的關(guān)鍵詞并且用其重新組成一個句子插入其中，但是whom or that 關(guān)鍵詞必須要緊跟在先行詞之前。6）排比（排山倒海句）文學(xué)作品中最吸引人的地方莫過于此，如果非要讓你的文章更加精彩的話，那么我希望你引用一個個的排比句，一個個得對偶句，一個個的不定式，一個個地詞，一個個的短語，如此表達(dá)將會使文章有排山倒海之勢！Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays, energy can be obt

16、ained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. （氣勢恢宏）要想寫出如此氣勢恢宏的句子非用排比不可！七、 挑戰(zhàn)極限原則既然十挑戰(zhàn)極限，必然是比較難的，但是并非不可攀！原理：在學(xué)生的文章中，很少發(fā)現(xiàn)諸如獨(dú)立主格的句子，其實(shí)也

17、很簡單，只要花上5分鐘的時間看看就可以領(lǐng)會，它就是分詞的一種特殊形式，分詞要求主語一致，而獨(dú)立主格則不然。比如：The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.如果您可一些出這樣的句子，不得高分才怪！文章主體段落三大殺手锏：一、舉實(shí)例思維短路，舉實(shí)例！提出一個觀點(diǎn)，舉實(shí)例！提出一個方案，舉實(shí)例！而且者也是我們揭

18、示一個觀點(diǎn)最好的方式，任何情況下，只要我們無法繼續(xù)文章，不管三七二十一，盡管舉例子！In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actr

19、ess to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.更多句型：To take as an example, One example is, Another example is, for example二、做比較方法：寫完一個要點(diǎn)，比較與之相似的；又寫完一個要點(diǎn)，再比較與之相反的；世界上沒有同樣的指紋，沒有相同的樹葉，文章亦同，只有通過比較，你才會發(fā)現(xiàn)二者的相同點(diǎn)（through comparison）和不同點(diǎn)（through contrast）。下面是一些短語：相似的

20、比較：in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner相反的比較：on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with , 三、換言之沒話說了，可以換一句話再說，讓你的文章在多一些字，或者文鄒鄒地說，是讓讀者更充分的理解你的觀點(diǎn)。實(shí)際就是重復(fù)重復(fù)再重復(fù)！下面的句子實(shí)際上就三個字 I love you!I am enthusiastic about you. Tha

21、t is to say, I love you.I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love with you.或者上面我們舉過的例子：I cannot bear it.可以用短語表達(dá)：I cannot put up with it.因此可以這樣說：I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.更多短語：in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it

22、more simply結(jié)尾萬能公式：1 結(jié)尾萬能公式一：如此結(jié)論說完了，畢竟要?dú)w納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)歷，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)長篇大論，到最后終于冒出個“總而言之”之類的話，我們馬上停止開小差，等待領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說結(jié)束語。也就是說，開頭很好，也必然要有一個精彩的結(jié)尾，讓讀者眼前一亮，這樣，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：Obviously（此為過渡短語）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果讀者很難“顯而見之”，但說無妨，就當(dāng)讀者的眼光太淺罷了！更多過渡短語：to

23、 sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus更多句型：Thus, it can be concluded that, Therefore, we can find that2 結(jié)尾萬能公式二：如此建議如果說“如此結(jié)論”是結(jié)尾最沒用的廢話，那么“如此建議”應(yīng)該是最有價(jià)值的廢話了，因?yàn)檫@里雖然也是廢話，但是卻用了一個很經(jīng)典的虛擬語氣的句型。拽！Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.這里的虛擬語氣用得很經(jīng)典，因?yàn)榭脊俦?/p>

24、來經(jīng)常考這個句型，而如果我們自己寫出來，你說考官會怎么想呢？更多句型：Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.5.使用過渡性詞語。這樣使文章更加連貫、更具有邏輯性。（1）表示增加的過渡詞：also，and，and then，too，in addition，furthermore，more over，again，on top of that，another，first, second, third等。

25、（2）表示時間順序的過渡詞：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，later，immediately，soon，next，in a few days，gradually，suddenly，finally等。（3）表示空間順序的過渡詞：near（to），far（from），in front of，behind，beside，beyond，above，below，to the right, left，around，outside等。（4）表示比較的過渡詞：in the same way，just like，just as等。（5）表示對照的過渡詞：but

26、，still，yet，however，on the other hand，on the contrary，in spite of，even though等。（6）表示結(jié)果和原因的過渡詞：because，since，so，as a result，therefore，then，thus，otherwise等。（7）表示目的的過渡詞：for this reason，for this purpose，so that等。（8）表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的過渡詞：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，without any doubt，truly，to repeat，abo

27、ve all，mosti mportant等。（9）表示解釋說明的過渡詞：for example，in fact，in this case，for actually等。（10）表示總結(jié)的過渡詞：finally，at last，in conclusion，as I haves hown，in other word，in brief，in short，in general，on the whole，as has been stated等。英文寫作基礎(chǔ)動詞一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：英文寫作基礎(chǔ)動詞引言 寫作的基礎(chǔ)是詞匯。詞匯是表達(dá)思想的基本要素。按照大綱要求，高中畢業(yè)應(yīng)掌握2000左右詞匯。我們可以將這些詞匯

28、分類，找出最常用的幾百個。對于這幾百個詞匯，要做到四會，即聽得懂，說得出，會認(rèn)讀，能拼寫。 學(xué)習(xí)一個詞匯不僅要知道它的意義，而且要知道它的詞性。英文中有名詞，動詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞，冠詞和連詞。動詞 文章是由句子組成的。每一個句子都少不了謂語。而擔(dān)任謂語的是動詞。對于一個很活躍的動詞，我們應(yīng)該掌握以下幾個方面：一. 準(zhǔn)確的讀音和拼寫聽得懂，說得出是寫作的基礎(chǔ)。只有掌握了正確讀音，才能做到這一點(diǎn)。只有正確的拼寫才能準(zhǔn)確無誤地傳達(dá)信息。太多的拼寫錯誤會影響書面表達(dá)的得分。二. 基本意義三. 常用其它意義除了基本意義之外，這些詞在其它語境中還會有不同的意義，有自己的使用范疇。因此，只掌握基本意義是

29、不夠的。四. 常見搭配我們所說的搭配，不僅包括動詞與介詞副詞的搭配，而且包括與名詞搭配的意義。以動詞make為例。make的基本意義是“制作”，而make beds意思是“整理床鋪”，make use of意思是“利用”，make money掙錢，make a fortune: “發(fā)財(cái)”，make faces“做鬼臉”等等。五. 過去式與過去分詞在書面表達(dá)中很少用到一般現(xiàn)在時，除非是表示規(guī)律性和反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，當(dāng)涉及時態(tài)時，就會用到動詞的過去式過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞等形式。因此，熟練掌握一些常用不規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞是非常必要的。這里，我們?yōu)橥瑢W(xué)們列出書面表達(dá)中經(jīng)常使用的一些動詞的形式。為了

30、記憶方便，將它們分成AAA，ABB，AAB，ABA和ABC五種形式。一個字母代表一種形式。AAA: cut, set, cost, hurt, let, put, set, shut, spread, readABB: bend bent bent bring brought brought build built built burn burnt burnt buy bought bought catch caught caught deal dealt dealt feed fed fed feel felt felt fight fought fought find found foun

31、d get got got hang hung hung (掛)have had had hear- heard heard hide hid hid hold held held keep kept kept lay laid laid lead led led leave left leftlend lent lent light lit lit lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met pay paid paid say said said sell sold sold send sent sent shine

32、 shone shone shoot shot shot sit sat sat sleep slept slept spend spent spent stand stood stood stick stuck stuck sweep swept sweptteach taught taught tell told told think thought thought understand understood understood win won won AAB:beat beat beatenABA:become became become come came come run ran

33、run ABC:bear bore born begin began begun bite bit bitten blow blew blown break broke broken do did done draw drew drawn drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallenfly flew flown forbid forbade forbiddenforgive forgave forgiven give gave given forget forgot forgotten freeze fr

34、oze frozen go went gone grow grew grown know knew known lie lay lain ride rode riddenring rang rung rise rose risen see saw seen shake shook shaken sing sang sung sink sank sunkspeak spoke spoken steal stole stolenswear swore swornswim swam swum take took taken tear tore torn throw threw thrown wake

35、 woke woken wear wore worn write wrote written 六. 及物動詞與不及物動詞英語動詞分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。這一點(diǎn)與中文差別較大。表達(dá)同樣的意思時，中文可以接賓語，而英文卻不行，需要更換另一個及物動詞，或接介詞。這種現(xiàn)象是很常見的。如：arrive(vi.) / reach( vt. ): When did you reach the top of the mountain? When did you arrive at the top of the mountain?sit / seat : He is sitting in the sofa.

36、He seated himself in the sofa. / He is seated in the sofa. lie / lay: He was lying in bed. He laid himself in bed.rise / raise: The prices keep rising. I raised my voice but still couldnt make myself heard.listen / hear: I asked him to listen to me carefully. Listen! Someone is knocking at the door.

37、 But I cant hear anything.look / see: We looked at each other and smiled. Then I saw something strange.此外，常用不及物動詞：come, go, run, walk, work, live, stay, sleep, travel, fight (against), think (of / about), speak (to)(speak English除外)，talk (to, with), happen, take place, break out, appear, agree (with

38、), belong (to), insist (on), die, fail, succeed (in), knock (at), reply (to), rush, wait (for), worry (about)七. 后接賓語的形式 在及物動詞中，有些后面要求接不定式作賓語，有些要求接動詞的 ing 形式。要分類記憶。v. + to do 1. wish to do2. hope to do 3. promise to do4. decide to do 5. refuse to do6. agree to do 7. expect to do8. manage to do 9. fai

39、l to do10. prefer to do 11. plan to do 12. want to do 13. ought to do14. have to do 15. used to do/be used to do 16. seem to do 17. would like to do18. in order to do 19. so as to do20. set out to do 21. make up ones mind to do22. It takes sb. some time to do23. be going to do24. be about to do25. h

40、appen to do26. pretend to do/to have done/to be doing 27. be thought/believed /said /reported to do28. have no choice but to dov. + doing 1. enjoy doing 2. risk doing 3. avoid doing4. keep doing 5. practise doing 6. suggest doing / sb.s doing / that sb. (should) do 7. miss doing8. finish doing 9. al

41、low / permit doing 10. delay doing 11. resist doing 12. consider doing13. mind doing / sb.s doing / if sb. do 14. imagine doing 15. deny doing八. 瞬時動詞 有些動作瞬間發(fā)生，不能延續(xù)。如：die, begin, start, join, enter, arrive, borrow, lend, buy, marry等等。I have arrived in Beijing for two days.（）I have been in Beijing for two days. （）How long may I borrow the book? （）How long may I keep the book? （）They have married for ten years. （）They have been married for ten years. （）The film has begun for ten minutes.（）The film h