牛津上海版中考英語專題復習-9-非謂語及五選四_學案

1、. 學科老師輔導學案 課程主題： 17-9-非謂語及五選四 學習目的1.理解動詞不定式在句中的成分、用法及否認形式。2.理解動名詞在句中的成分、用法。3.掌握不定式與疑問代詞、疑問副詞連用做賓語的用法。教學內容1.掌握動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)分析以及詞轉專題分析一.非謂語動詞【知識梳理】1.動詞不定式的用法1作主語：動詞不定式作主語時往往放在謂語動詞的后面，并用it作形式主語。 例：To talk with him is a great pleasure. =It is a great pleasure to talk with him. 1可以用for sb to do sth來說明不定式表示的動作執(zhí)行

2、者，即不定式的邏輯主語；某些形容詞，如：kind, good, nice, wrong, right, polite, clever, wise, foolish, etc.作表語時邏輯主語常用of引起的短語。 例：1t is very important for students to study hard. It is unwise of him to start smoking. =He is unwise to start smoking. 2常用不定式作主語的句型有：It's difficult important, necessary, easy, unnecessary,

3、 etc. for sb to do sth.It's kind good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave, etc. of sb to do sth.2作表語：不定式做表語常表示在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后發(fā)生的動作。 例：His wish is to become a skillful worker. 注意：主語部分已有動作動詞do不管形式，作表語的不定式前省略to。 例：The only thing I can do now is go on with the experiment a

4、ll by myself.3作賓語：常見的直接帶to不定式的動詞有l(wèi)ike, agree, decide, hope, learn, wish, etc. 例：Most of us like to watch football matches. 1常見的能跟疑問詞帶to連用的不定式的動詞有decide, find out, show, etc. 例：I showed them how to do it. 2不定式自帶補語時it先行 例：We thought it wrong not to tell her the truth. 3不定式不做介詞后面的賓語，但介詞except, but, bes

5、ides除外，注意在這些介詞前假設有表示動作的動詞do不管形式，作賓語的不定式前省略to。 倒：She could do nothing but cry. I have no choice but to go there. 洼意：有些動詞，如hope, wish, agree, pretend, refuse, manage, beg, intend; hesitate,offer, fail, expect, decide, prepare, promise等后面只能用動詞不定式作賓語。4作賓語補足語：句子中的賓語是不定式的邏輯主語。 例：He told me to be here on t

6、ime. 在動詞make, let, have, see, hear, look at, listen to, observe, feel, notice, watch,etc.后，作賓語補足語的不定式要省略“to，但在被動語態(tài)中作主語補足語時必須復原“to"。 例：The boss made them work twelve hours a day. I heard Bill sing an American folk song the other day. I saw her come in =She was seen to come in 注意：有些動詞，如hope, sugg

7、est, demand, suppose, plan, agree等不能用動詞不定式作賓語補足語。5作定語：不定式作定語放在所修飾的名詞后，表示在謂語動詞之后發(fā)生的動作或過去的某一特定動作。 例：She has got a lot of questions to ask. 1作定語的不定式與修飾的名詞可以是邏輯意義上的主謂關系。 例：He is the first person to run a marathon in less than two hours. 2作定語的不定式與修飾的名詞也可以是邏輯意義上的動賓關系。 例：He has no house to live in but a lo

8、t of work to do. 3假如不定式的動詞為不及物動詞，應在動詞后面加上適當?shù)慕樵~。 例：He is a nice person to work with.6作狀語：不定式可用作目的狀語、結果狀語和原因狀語。 例：I started early so as to get there before supper. I opened the door to find the room empty. Im sorry to hear you are not well. 注意：so as to，in order to都是表示目的的不定式短語，so as to不能放在句首，他們的否認式為so

9、as not to/in order not to。 不定式作結果狀語常用于“too+adj./adv.+to do或“adj./adv.+enough+to do構造。 例：He is strong enough to lift the case.2.動詞不定式的否認形式Not+to+動詞原形構成；有時也可以用never to do表示否認意義，語氣更強。例：We agreed not to lend him any money.He promised never to tell her anything about this.3.動詞不定式與疑問詞連用疑問代詞who，what，which和

10、疑問副詞when，where，how，why等后面可以接動詞不定式，構成動詞不定式短語，可以在句子中作主語、賓語、表語成分。 例：How to use the machine is a question.不定式作主語 He doesnt know how to use the machine.不定式作賓語 The question is when to hold the training class.不定式作表語 She told me where to find her little brother.不定式作賓語補足語4.tooto構造常表示否認意義 例：Its too cold to go

11、 swimming today.今天天氣太冷，不能去游泳。 注意：在以下幾種情況下，tooto構造意思是表示肯定，常譯作“非常。 1tooto與only連用這時only too=very 例：Im only too glad to help you.我非?？鞓穾椭?。 2形容詞willing，pleased，glad，happy，ready，anxious等。 例：The students are too anxious to know the examination results. 學生們非常急迫地想知道考試成績。 3與not，never連用，表示“太不能不，“并不太所以能。 例：She

12、is too wise not to see that她很聰明，不會不明白那件事。 It's never too late to mend亡羊補牢，為時未晚。5.動詞不定式有五種不同的主動和被動形式 1 一般式to do，表示的動作可能與謂語的動作同時發(fā)生，也可能在其之后發(fā)生。 例：I like to read English every morning. 2進展式to be doing，表示不定式的動作已在進展，與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生。 例：He seems to be reading something interesting now. 3完成式to have done，表示不定式的動

13、作在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生。 例：He seemed to have cleaned his bedroom yesterday. 4被動式to be done，表示該事情將要被做。 例：The new school in the country is to be built soon. 5被動完成式to have been done，表示該事情已被做。 例：The sick boy is said to have been sent to hospital already.6.動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義的幾種情況1在tooto和enoughto構造中，不定式的主動形式可以表示被動意義。 例：

14、The .skirt is too small for me to wear. The room is big enough to live in.2在there be句型中，可以用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。 例：There is a lot of work to do. =There is a lot of work to be done.3 easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, nice, pleasant, comfortable, exciting dangerous, bitter，light，heavy，good，inter

15、esting等描繪事物特征的形容詞，后面接動詞不定式作狀語時，常用主動形式表示被動意義，主語常常是物。 例：The picture is pleasant to look at.4動詞不定式作定話時，假設其邏輯主語是句子的主語或賓語時，那么可以用主動形式表示被動意義。 例：I have a lot of work to doI是to do的邏輯主語 Give me something to eatme是to eat的邏輯主語7.動名詞的用法1作主語 例：Running is my favourite sport.跑步是我最喜歡的運動。 Fighting broke out between th

16、e South and the North. 南方與北方開戰(zhàn)了。2作賓語1動詞后加動名詞doing作賓語 V. + doing sth. admit 成認avoid 防止 complete 完成 keep 繼續(xù) appreciate 感謝,贊賞 consider 認為delay 耽誤 deny 否認 detest討厭 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜歡 escape 逃脫 prevent阻止 fancy 想象finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念postpone 推practise 訓練 recall 回憶 resent 討厭resist 抵抗 resume

17、 繼續(xù) risk 冒險 suggest 建議 face 面對include 包括 stand 忍受understand 理解 forgive 寬恕 例：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? Mr Taylor and his wife enjoy traveling with children. 2詞組后接doing admit to，preferto，be used to，lead to，devote oneself to，object to，stick to，be busy，look forward toto為介詞

18、，no good,no use,It's worth,as well as, can't help,It's no use /good，be tired of ，be fond of，be capable of，be afraid of，be proud of，think of / about，hold off，put off，keep on，insist on，count on / upon ，set about，be successful in，be good at，take up，give up，burst out，prevent from3作表語Her job

19、is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.8.直擊考點1只能接to + do的動詞有：decide, agree, hope, want, refuse, plan, need, wish + to do 有些動詞加 to do 作賓語補足語，常見的有： ask, tell, want, teach + sb. + to do + sth. 2加 to + do 的重點句型有： It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 做某事花費某人多少時間/金錢 It is + adj. + for/of

20、sb. to do sth. 做某事怎樣 Would you like to? 2后接省略to的動詞不定式的動詞有： 一感feel 二聽hear, listen to 三讓have, make, let 四看watch, see, look at, notice 半個幫助help可以帶to，也可以省略改為被動語態(tài)時，to要復原。例如：This little boy is made to clean his bedroom every week.省略to 的情況有： 情態(tài)動詞后 why not/why dont you would rather than doing 否認式not doing 3

21、加 doing做非謂語的動詞常考的有： enjoy，finish，mind，suggest，miss，admit, deny, keep, imagine，practice + doing sth. 加doing的情況有： 介詞后 + doing 例如：give up doing sth.，be interested in doing sth.等 feel like + doing 喜歡做某事/ prefer doing sth. to doing sth.更喜歡 to作介詞時的幾個常用短語：look forward to/be used to/ pay attention to + doin

22、g 既可加to do 也可以加doing，并意思相近的動詞有： begin，start, like, love, hate 既可加to do 也可以加doing，但意思不同的動詞有： forget to do 忘記去做某事事情還沒有做 forget doing 忘記做過某事事情已經(jīng)做了，但是忘了 remember to do 記得去做某事事情還沒有做 remember doing 記得做過某事 事情已經(jīng)做了 regret to do 對將要做的事遺憾 regret doing 對已經(jīng)做過的事遺憾 stop to do 停下來去做某事去做另外一件事情 stop doing 停頓做某事 停頓正在做

23、的事情【例題精講】例1.He promised_his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.A. see B. seeing C. saw D. to see例2.Mario likes _ cold hot dogs.A. eatB. eatingC. ateD. is eating【課堂練習】1._ repair my TV set cost me 100 yuan.2.He prefers_ read books at home to_ go shopping on Sundays.3.Thank you for_ tell me the news

24、.4.Im looking forward to_ receive your letter soon.5.Lucy told me_ wait for her at home.6.Will you please show me how_ use it?7.The boy is old enough_ dress himself.8.Would you like _ climb the mountain with me?9.Is it necessary _ learn a foreign language?10.Would you mind not_ smoke here?11.How lon

25、g do you practice_ speak English every morning?12.Were going to help _ the trees.A. wateredB. wateringC. to wateringD. water13.The young man was often seen _ by the lake.A. to drawB. to drawingC. drawD. drew14.Who suggested _ it this way?A. doingB. to doC. to be doneD. do15.It's no good _ over s

26、plit milk.A. to cryB. cryingC. criedD. D二.五選四【知識梳理】1.題型概述該題型旨在考察學生對于詞匯的正確運用以及句子根本構造的分析才能，是容易得分的題型之一。2.解題思路和技巧通常情況下五選四是英語綜合試卷中詞匯與語法相結合的一部分，在詳細解題過程中，主要是判斷所給單詞的詞性，再結合詳細的句子構造需要進展選擇。根本解題思路通過判斷單詞的詞性、詞形和詞義，來選擇正確的單詞。首先判斷詞性中考的選詞填空由九選八改為兩篇五選四，本質是降低了選擇的難度。因此在做選詞填空的時候，應領先從詞性的角度進展判斷，將可能的詞性挑選出來。通過判斷詞形確定所填詞或短語判斷出詞

27、性后，通過對該詞的適當形式進展判斷，也可以幫助解題： 首先判斷詞性中考的選詞填空由九選八改為兩篇五選四，本質是降低了選擇的難度。因此在做選詞填空的時候，應領先從詞性的角度進展判斷，將可能的詞性挑選出來。通過判斷詞形確定所填詞或短語判斷出詞性后，通過對該詞的適當形式進展判斷，也可以幫助解題：通過判斷詞義確定所填詞或短語詞義判斷在選詞填空中，也是非常關鍵的。因此，在中考復習中，需要加強對高頻詞匯的意義的積累。平時在記憶單詞時，要加強英譯漢的訓練。掌握考綱單詞以及詞組的中文含義，根據(jù)上下文的情境，選擇出適宜的詞語或短語。3.補充歸納常見詞性及用法【例題精講】A.even thoughB.strong

28、C e outD.raiseE.connect例1. What do mothers in your country do when a childs tooth falls out? Japanese mothers throw upper teeth under the house, and lower teeth onto the roof. The Japanese think a mouse can eat anything. So they say, Your new tooth will be _ just like a mouses tooth! In Nigeria, mot

29、hers hide the tooth. A Nigerian mom says, Mr. Mouse, please do not eat this tooth, or the new tooth will not _ .If you eat this tooth, I will look for you everywhere and kill you. How interesting that people in both Japan and Nigeria _ a baby tooth with a mouse! Its also interesting that these two c

30、ountries have similar customs _ they are so far apart.A.dangerousB.driversC.betterD.responsiblyE.service Theres new taxi business in Daker, the capital of the African nation of Senegal. Its name is Taxi Sisters and all of its _ are women. They are getting a lot of attention, because until now only m

31、en were hired to drive taxis. In fact, when it comes to driving a taxi, some people think the women can do a _ job than the men. Most taxis driven by men are old, hot and uncomfortable. Also, the men usually have bad driving habits. They drive on the sidewalks and do not obey traffic lights. This ma

32、kes riding in their taxis _ . However, Taxi Sisters cabs are brand-new, and all the vehicles have air conditioning. Most city residents are happy about the change. In addition to the added comfort, they feel that the women drive more _ than the men.【課堂練習】A. discovers B. equal C. environment D. preci

33、ous E. expresses1. The story starts in a city called Zootopia, which is a city like no other. Its a melting pot where animals from every _ live together a place where no matter what you are, from the biggest elephant to the smallest shrew地鼠, you can be anything. But when the happy officer Judy Hopps

34、 arrives, she _ that being the first rabbit on a police station of big and tough animals isnt so easy. The little rabbit decided to prove herself. She jumps at the golden chance to deal with a case, even if it means working with a fox, Nick Wilde, to solve the mystery奧秘.The film _ the meaning that w

35、e should never give up on a dream or settle down. Were all _ , and therefore should treat對待 others the way we wish to be treated. The film creates a sense of inspiration, encouraging both kids and adults to aim high, work hard and succeed.2. A. serious B. simple C. against D. cancel E. focus Many st

36、udents suffer from stress in their daily lives. They are under stress because their lives are not balanced. They 1_ too much non studying, dealing with pressure and worrying about what others think, and not enough on other things. You may wonder whether stress is a 2_ matter. The answer is“Yes'&

37、#39;. You should be aware that stress is a danger to your health. If you want to live a 1ong 1ife, you need to begin to fight 3_ stress from a young age. Here are some ways to deal with stress and bring balance to your life: Be positive. One way to 4_ your stress is through positive thinking, You sh

38、ould always look on the right side of life, and imagine that you will have a happy and successful future.1.This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observedB. what you have observedC. that you have observedD. how that you have observed2.This book _Lucys. Look! Her name

39、 is on the book cover. A. must beB. may beC. cant beD. mustnt be3.- What are you going to do in the future? - Id like to be a doctor _ you are.A. soB. asC. whatD. like4._ fine mornings, old people get together and do exercise by the lake. A. OnB. AtC. ToD. In5.Excuse me. Can I ask for leave now?My m

40、other was ill in the hospital._.A. I'm sorry to hear that.B. That's all right.C. OK. Go ahead.D. You are right.A. directors B. produced C. rarely D. gained E. details6. Zootopia 瘋狂動物城, known as Zootropolis in Europe, is a 2019 American 3D computer-animated comedy adventure film _ by Walt Dis

41、ney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 55th animated feature 動畫長片 in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series. Byron Howard and Rich Moore are the _ of Zootopia and feature the voices of Ginnifer Goodwin, Jason Bateman, Idris Elba, J.K. Simmons, Tommy Chong, Octavia Sp

42、encer, Jenny Slate, and Shakira. It was released in the Disney Digital 3D, RealD 3D, and IMAX 3D formats on March 4, 2019. Up to now, Zootopia has _ a total of $311.7 million worldwide. The film tells in all its _ the unlikely partnership between a rabbit police officer and a red fox con artist 騙子.7

43、. You can find many such_ published books in the Shanghai Library.news8.Sir Francois Hollande was elected president of_ in 2019.Frenchman9.The girls talked_ all the way when they came out of cinema.exciting 10.I bought a storybook two weeks ago. 保持原句意思I _ a storybook for two weeks.11.I think wealth

44、is less important than health. 同義句轉換I_ think wealth is_ important than health.12.The red car belongs to my mother. 對劃線部分提問_ _ belong to your mother?13. The decision to further all or part of your studies outside your country is a serious one, and one which for most students will have a special life-

45、long benefit. If you realize English will help you in your career and enrich your personal life, you will find that coming to England to study English is a very special e_ that you will never forget. I am very pleased to have this opportunity to invite you to join our English Language courses. Londo

46、n is one of the worlds outstanding c_ and trade center. You will live in one of the worlds great cities. It provides the perfect arrangements in which to learn and develop English language skills. The international body of the students attending courses at English language Institutes in London provi

47、des an a_ because it is a good chance for you to enjoy other cultures in surroundings to develop personal character. As we prepare for the 21st Century, international communication has never been more important. To master a foreign language is becoming a useful tool for trade, industrial and profess

48、ional s_ . Our aim at the English language Institutes is to d_ students English language skills in friendly and helpful conditions. Supported by computer, video and audio equipment, and using sound classroom, our team of teachers will guide you through your c_ course of study, you will receive excel

49、lent service and advice at every stage. Our out-of-class support staff will help you settle in and make the most of your stay in London. Truly, you will enjoy yourself in London and make friendships that will last a lifetime. I hope we can welcome you to this e_ world of London. Come and see us ! Vi

50、sit a class in any of the English Language Institutes. See for yourself why we encourage you to study in London.14. 上海徐匯區(qū)二模Venus金星 has long been one of the most misunderstood planets. Like the earth, Venus has its own atmosphere. However, the atmosphere is much thicker than that of the earth, which

51、makes it difficult for modern scientists to study. There is much we still do not know about what this planet is like. However, using special machines, scientists have?unlocked many of the long-hidden secrets in recent years. Venus is in many ways Earth's sister planet. It is almost the same in s

52、ize and chemistry as the earth. In other words, Venus is made up of almost the exact same types of materials as the earth , in about the same amounts.?In the early days of Venus' 4-billion-year-old life, it would have appeared very similar to the earth. The two would have been almost the same. H

53、owever, over a period of a few million years ago, Venus took a very different course than the earth. Venus lies much closer to the sun than our planet. It has made Venus terribly hot. Since it is closer to the sun, Venus' temperature should be a little warmer than that of the earth. As the planet warmed, water which can be used to form oceans, lakes and river