BEC中級(jí)口語考試簡介（課堂PPT）

1、.1BEC中級(jí)口語考試簡介中級(jí)口語考試簡介 By Hua Wen.2BEC中級(jí)口語考試大綱中級(jí)口語考試大綱 BEC口語考試形式為兩考官對(duì)兩考生。一位考官負(fù)責(zé)提問，口語考試形式為兩考官對(duì)兩考生。一位考官負(fù)責(zé)提問，主持考試并進(jìn)行總體評(píng)分；另一位考官不參與提問，專門進(jìn)主持考試并進(jìn)行總體評(píng)分；另一位考官不參與提問，專門進(jìn)行單項(xiàng)評(píng)分?？谠嚂r(shí)間為行單項(xiàng)評(píng)分?？谠嚂r(shí)間為14分鐘。分鐘。BEC中級(jí)口語考試的內(nèi)容，中級(jí)口語考試的內(nèi)容，形式及要求如下：形式及要求如下：.3考查部分考查部分 考查內(nèi)容考查內(nèi)容 考查方式考查方式 考查范圍考查范圍 第一部第一部分熱身分熱身面試面試(interview)第一階段第一階段問

2、候和簡問候和簡介介介紹自己的介紹自己的情況，以前情況，以前的經(jīng)歷和未的經(jīng)歷和未來的打算并來的打算并表達(dá)對(duì)常見表達(dá)對(duì)常見問題的看法。問題的看法。 考官就一般問題向考考官就一般問題向考生輪流提問，考生作生輪流提問，考生作答。時(shí)間大約答。時(shí)間大約3分鐘。分鐘。 第一階段：個(gè)人信息，第一階段：個(gè)人信息，如家庭，家鄉(xiāng)，學(xué)習(xí)，如家庭，家鄉(xiāng)，學(xué)習(xí)，工作和愛好等。工作和愛好等。 第二階段第二階段對(duì)商務(wù)話對(duì)商務(wù)話題發(fā)表看題發(fā)表看法法 第二階段：常見的商務(wù)第二階段：常見的商務(wù)話題，如銷售，顧客服話題，如銷售，顧客服務(wù)，員工培訓(xùn)和職業(yè)發(fā)務(wù)，員工培訓(xùn)和職業(yè)發(fā)展等。展等。 第二部分小演講第二部分小演講(Mini-pre

3、sentation) 圍繞一個(gè)主圍繞一個(gè)主題連貫地組題連貫地組織一段發(fā)言?？椧欢伟l(fā)言。 考生從三個(gè)話題中選考生從三個(gè)話題中選擇一個(gè)話題后準(zhǔn)備擇一個(gè)話題后準(zhǔn)備1分分鐘，然后陳述鐘，然后陳述1分鐘，分鐘，并回答同伴的提問。并回答同伴的提問。時(shí)間大約時(shí)間大約6分鐘。分鐘。 根據(jù)提示就某個(gè)商務(wù)話根據(jù)提示就某個(gè)商務(wù)話題發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)并陳述理由。題發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)并陳述理由。 第三部分討論第三部分討論(Collaborative Task and Discussion)表達(dá)贊同或表達(dá)贊同或反對(duì)意見，反對(duì)意見，利用推測(cè)和利用推測(cè)和對(duì)比來說明對(duì)比來說明自己的觀點(diǎn)。自己的觀點(diǎn)。 在考官的引導(dǎo)下，考在考官的引導(dǎo)下，考生之間進(jìn)行

4、雙向式交生之間進(jìn)行雙向式交流。然后回答考官根流。然后回答考官根據(jù)討論話題提出的問據(jù)討論話題提出的問題。時(shí)間大約題。時(shí)間大約5分鐘。分鐘。 根據(jù)考官提供的信息卡根據(jù)考官提供的信息卡上的商務(wù)場(chǎng)景，考生彼上的商務(wù)場(chǎng)景，考生彼此交換看法。此交換看法。.4口語能力口語能力初級(jí)初級(jí) 能夠獲得并傳遞日常工作中的主要信息；能夠獲得并傳遞日常工作中的主要信息； 能夠參加與熟悉話題相關(guān)的例會(huì)和研討會(huì)，通過問題和接受指令對(duì)事實(shí)性能夠參加與熟悉話題相關(guān)的例會(huì)和研討會(huì)，通過問題和接受指令對(duì)事實(shí)性信息進(jìn)行交流；信息進(jìn)行交流； 能夠表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，并在一定程度上參與討論。能夠表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，并在一定程度上參與討論。中級(jí)中級(jí)

5、- 能夠詳細(xì)提供與自己工作相關(guān)的信息，并陳述具體要求。能夠詳細(xì)提供與自己工作相關(guān)的信息，并陳述具體要求。- 能夠在談話中列舉自己的觀點(diǎn)，有一定的說服力。能夠在談話中列舉自己的觀點(diǎn)，有一定的說服力。- 能夠較好地應(yīng)對(duì)語言交流中出現(xiàn)的意外問題。能夠較好地應(yīng)對(duì)語言交流中出現(xiàn)的意外問題。高級(jí)高級(jí)- 能夠?qū)Ψ潜救斯ぷ黝I(lǐng)域的話題提問。能夠?qū)Ψ潜救斯ぷ黝I(lǐng)域的話題提問。 - 能夠充分有效地論述本人的情況，能夠證明某項(xiàng)服務(wù)的必要性，并進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確能夠充分有效地論述本人的情況，能夠證明某項(xiàng)服務(wù)的必要性，并進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確陳述。陳述。- 能夠在討論中有力地論述或反對(duì)某種假設(shè)場(chǎng)景，又足夠的語言能力來談?wù)撆c能夠在討論中有力地論述或

6、反對(duì)某種假設(shè)場(chǎng)景，又足夠的語言能力來談?wù)撆c本人工作相關(guān)的話題。本人工作相關(guān)的話題。.5考察內(nèi)容考察內(nèi)容BEC口語考試主要考查考生用英語進(jìn)行商務(wù)交往的能力。商務(wù)交往的主要范圍口語考試主要考查考生用英語進(jìn)行商務(wù)交往的能力。商務(wù)交往的主要范圍有有: 1) 建立和保持商務(wù)聯(lián)絡(luò)：建立和保持商務(wù)聯(lián)絡(luò)：- 問候及回應(yīng)；問候及回應(yīng)；- 自我介紹或詢問對(duì)方的身份，個(gè)性特點(diǎn)等；自我介紹或詢問對(duì)方的身份，個(gè)性特點(diǎn)等；- 發(fā)出，接受或拒絕邀請(qǐng)；發(fā)出，接受或拒絕邀請(qǐng)；- 表示感謝和欣賞；表示感謝和欣賞；- 提供方便，接受或拒絕幫助。提供方便，接受或拒絕幫助。2）談?wù)摴ぷ鳎┱務(wù)摴ぷ? 詢問或描述工作范圍和任務(wù)；詢問或描述

7、工作范圍和任務(wù)；- 詢問或介紹公司情況；詢問或介紹公司情況；- 詢問或介紹產(chǎn)品；詢問或介紹產(chǎn)品；- 比較不同產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格；比較不同產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格；- 提出自己的觀點(diǎn)或建議；提出自己的觀點(diǎn)或建議；- 接受或拒絕建議；接受或拒絕建議；- 表達(dá)需求。表達(dá)需求。3）制定計(jì)劃與安排工作）制定計(jì)劃與安排工作- 商務(wù)會(huì)議日程和議程安排；商務(wù)會(huì)議日程和議程安排；- 商務(wù)旅行，包括預(yù)訂機(jī)商務(wù)旅行，包括預(yù)訂機(jī)/車票和房間，訂餐結(jié)帳，旅行咨詢等。車票和房間，訂餐結(jié)帳，旅行咨詢等。.6BEC中級(jí)口語考試的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中級(jí)口語考試的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) BEC中級(jí)口語考試的評(píng)分包括兩部分：一位考官根據(jù)考生的整中級(jí)口語考試的評(píng)分包括兩部分：一

8、位考官根據(jù)考生的整體表現(xiàn)給出總體印象分（體表現(xiàn)給出總體印象分（0-5分），另一位主考官根據(jù)語法詞分），另一位主考官根據(jù)語法詞匯，話語組織，發(fā)音，互動(dòng)交際四方面給出單項(xiàng)分（匯，話語組織，發(fā)音，互動(dòng)交際四方面給出單項(xiàng)分（0-5分）：分）：1）語法詞匯）語法詞匯-語法形式是否準(zhǔn)確，是否有一定的變化，詞匯量是否豐富，運(yùn)用語法形式是否準(zhǔn)確，是否有一定的變化，詞匯量是否豐富，運(yùn)用是否恰當(dāng)。是否恰當(dāng)。2）話語組織）話語組織- 組織話語是否連貫，是否切題，長度是否合適。組織話語是否連貫，是否切題，長度是否合適。3）發(fā)音）發(fā)音- 發(fā)音是否清楚，是否恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用重讀，節(jié)奏和語調(diào)來表達(dá)意義和情感。發(fā)音是否清楚，是否恰當(dāng)

9、運(yùn)用重讀，節(jié)奏和語調(diào)來表達(dá)意義和情感。4）互動(dòng)交際）互動(dòng)交際- 是否積極參加交際，是否恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用交際策略，如輪流講話，是否積極參加交際，是否恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用交際策略，如輪流講話，根據(jù)交際需要承接話題或轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)掝}或提問等。根據(jù)交際需要承接話題或轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)掝}或提問等。.7中級(jí)口語考試仿真樣題中級(jí)口語考試仿真樣題Part Interview ( about 3 minutes)In this part interlocutor asks some questions to each of the candidates in turn. Candidates have to give information abou

10、t themselves and express personal opinions.Questions for Phase 1: Where are you from?What do you do?What do you like best about your studies?How do you describe your hometown?Questions for Phase 2:Whats your career ambition?Do you think it is necessary for employers to offer staff training? Why?What

11、 do you think of the spirit of teamwork in business?.8Part Mini-Presentation ( about 6 minutes)In this part each candidate is asked to choose one from three business topics ( A, B, C) and give a short talk on it for about one minute. Candidates have one minute to prepare. After that, they have to an

12、swer a question their partner asks about their talk.A: What is important when preparing for a job interview?- find more information about the organization- getting some advice from friendsB: What is important when hoping to improve customer service?- reward for customers- customers needs analysis- l

13、ower prices or discountsC: What is significant in motivating employees?- training opportunities- career development opportunities- bonus.9Part Collaborative Task and Discussion ( about 5 minutes)In this part candidate are given a card of situation description. They have 30 seconds to have a quick lo

14、ok at the card and then about 3 minutes to discuss the topic together. They should give reasons for their decisions and opinions. The oral examiners will just listen to their discussion and then ask them a few questions related to the topic. Company PublicityA famous business magazine is sending a j

15、ournalist to write about the company you work for. You have been invited by your company to help the journalist with the article.Discuss the situation together and decide:- what should be included in the article- how this article could influence your company.10Skills for Each PartInterview 1. Skills

16、 2. Useful Expressions 3. Regular Topics Mini-Presentation 1. Introduction 2. Skills 3. Useful Expressions 4. Regular Topics Collaborative Task and Discussion 1. Skills 2. Related Subjects 3. Useful Expressions 4. Regular Topics.11 應(yīng)試技巧應(yīng)試技巧(Interview )1）第一階段的問候和介紹非常簡單，相當(dāng)于熱身練習(xí)，該部分主要是用來活躍氣氛，緩解考生的緊張情緒，

17、所以考生只需作簡單回答，就事論事，兩句話足夠。2）考生在聽考官提問時(shí)要細(xì)心，通?？脊傧葐柨忌鶤,同一問題輪到考生B時(shí)，考官會(huì)用what about you, how about you, what do you think 等句子替換原來的問題，然后再從考生B開始發(fā)問，并進(jìn)行新一輪的問答。如果沒有聽清楚考官提出的問題可要求考官重復(fù)問題。3）第二階段是與商務(wù)工作相關(guān)的話題，考生應(yīng)有自己的觀點(diǎn)?？脊偎岢龅膯栴}較多的專業(yè)詞匯，考生應(yīng)聽清后再作答，每個(gè)話題兩三句話就行。4）考生要充滿自信，談話時(shí)注意自己的語音，語調(diào)語速，表達(dá)要清晰，簡潔，明了。5）考生應(yīng)充分利用這一熱身部分盡快熟練并適應(yīng)考官和同伴的

18、語音，語調(diào)等，為接下來的考試做好準(zhǔn)備。.12常用表達(dá)和句型常用表達(dá)和句型(Interview)1）表示隨聲附和的句式：Youre right. Thats it.Thats right.Quite right.Absolutely.Certainly.Sure.Definitely.Of course.Exactly.Great.Fine.No problem.132) 給自己爭取思考時(shí)間或進(jìn)行解釋的表達(dá)法：As everybody knows, As we all know As far as I am concerned, When it comes to ( career plans),

19、 You know, well, let me see, I mean, What I mean is thatThats to say, .143) 要求對(duì)方重復(fù)的表達(dá)：Pardon, could you repeat the question?Sorry, I didnt catch what you said. Would you please say it again?I misses your point.Sorry, I dont quite follow you.I dont quite see what you mean.Do you mean ?.15常談話題常談話題(int

20、erview)Phase 1 Greetings and introductions1). Do you work or are you a student?2). What do you like most about your job/studies?3). Do you enjoy studying English? Why?- I am a college student in . I major in .- I work in I am a - I like making friends with people around. Thats the most interesting p

21、art of my job.- I love reading English novels. It helps improve my English.- Sure, I like it very much. It is a beautiful language an it is widely used in the world.-To be honest, I dont like it. I study English just because we are required to do so.164). Why do you take BEC oral test?- I want to fi

22、nd a job in a foreign-invested enterprise. A certificate of BEC Vantage is a basic requirement in such companies. Besides. Id like to prove my ability in oral English by taking the test.- Actually, it is my parents who ask me to take the test. In their opinions, the more test I take, the more certif

23、icates I will get. A large number of certificates can guarantee me a good job. Though I dont agree with them, I have no choice to follow their instructions.175). How are you getting along with your classmates or colleagues?- Not bad. My colleagues are warm-hearted and helpful. They help me in many w

24、ays while working together.- I get along very well with my classmates. We help each other and learn from each other. They are best friends.186). How would you describe your personality?- I should say Im a little bit shy and pessimistic. I dont have enough confidence. I hope I can improve myself in t

25、hese aspects.- I am open, straightforward and easy-going. Thats why I have a lot of friends. But sometimes I offend people around me because I always tell the truth without considering their feeling.7). Do you like your school or company?8). What do you like doing in your spare time?9). What kind of

26、 transport do you prefer in your daily life?.19Phase 2 Do you think computers are becoming more and more important in business? 2) When do people usually use computer3) How do you predict the future of computer in business life4) How important is computer in your work and study? Yes, I think compute

27、rs are becoming more and more popular in business life. Using computers can help raise working efficiency and relieve people from labor. People use the computer to surf the Internet, obtain information, write message, fill out forms, give and receive orders of goods, sign contracts, communicate with

28、 friends and so on. Computer has become an indispensable part of business due to its convenience and efficiency. It is a great change to our traditional way of thinking and doing things. I predict the influence of computer in business life will be deeper and deeper in the future.Topic One Computer i

29、n Business Life Its essential to my life. Im used to ding things on computer. It really saves me a lot of time and energy. I cant imagine how hard life would be without computers.20Topic Two Career ChoiceWhat kind of job would you prefer to take? Why?2) What kind of profession will be the most popul

30、ar in twenty years time?3) Do you prefer to work in a team or alone? Why?4) What will you do if the profession you are engaged in is not what you want? I am interested in business management, so I prefer to go into business in the future. If I get enough experience in business, I will open a busines

31、s school and teach others how to do business. I am not sure. But maybe farming will be very popular after twenty years. You know, now few people are willing to work as farmers and millions of people have to rely on farm products to survive. So I think it is a tendency to develop farming. I am willin

32、g to work in a team because it has a lot of advantages. Team helps individuals to develop. Team members can share information and different points of view. They can talk openly and honestly to each other to help release pressure. if you work alone, you will easily feel tired and bored. If in trouble

33、, it is hard to get help. Probably I will go job-hunting and get a new job because I am a person who wants to do what I like. If I am not interested, I can not do it well even if I am paid well. Interest is the most important to me when hunting for a job.21Topic Three Time Management Is it important

34、 to organize ones time well?2) Is working overtime a good way to save time?3) How can people organize time well?4) Are you good at organizing your own time? Yes, I think so. We often hear people say “time passing” or even “ flying” which indicates time is so precious. We all have exactly the same am

35、ount of time available to us. If we can organize our time well. It is likely that we can achieve more than other people in the same amount of time. Of course not. Working long hours may help solve immediate short-term problems. But if you cope with your job in this way, it will affect your health in

36、 the long run. The best way is to set a plan and do accordingly. Dont find any excuse ignore it. Never put what you can do today till tomorrow. It is hard to say. I have tried to plan my time but there are always some interferences. I hope I can stick to my timetable in the future.22Topic Four Start

37、ing a New Job1) What kind of information about a company do you want to get before staring work there?2) How can you get the information?3) If you are an old employee in a company, what will you do to welcome the new ones?4) What should you do to create a good impression at the start of a new job?To

38、pic Five Leisure and Work1) Do you think companies should provide leisure facilities for their staff?2) In your opinion, which matters more to business people, money or free time?3) If you are required to work overtime, whats your first response?4) Do you like business trips? Why (not)?.23Topic Six

39、Selling Products1) What is the most important to customers about a product? Why?2) Are you good at selling products?3) Is training essential for a sales job?4) Do you think employers should pay more money to sales staff who are successful?Topic Seven Corporate Hospitality1) Do you think it is import

40、ant to entertain your business partners and clients?2) What will you do to entertain your clients?3) How can hosts and clients build a good business relationship?4) Do you think it is a good idea to send clients to corporate events?.24Topic Eight Supply and Price1) What is supply?2) Do you think the

41、 price of the product will influence the supply?3) How does supply influence price?4) How does the rule of supply influence the marketer?Topic Nine Profession1) Can you predict the best-paid profession in future?2) Why do you say so?3) Would people mind if the doctors charge too much for the treatme

42、nt?4) What kind of profession will become less and less important? Why?.25Topic Ten Promoting Product or Service?1) What kind of way do you think is the most effective in order to promote product or service?2) How important is it to employ television to promote product or service? Why ( not )?3) Do

43、you think TV commercial is a good way to promote product or service? Why ( not )?4) Do you have any other suggestion as to promoting product or service?Topic Eleven Marketing1) What can a website do for your business?2) What kind of website do you prefer to go to?3) What is the most important to a s

44、uccessful website for marketing?4) What do you think of Internet advertising?.26Topic Twelve Working as Part of a Team1) Do you prefer working as a member of a team or on your own? Why?2) Which do you think are more effective, small teams or large teams? Why?3) Do you think it is important for a tea

45、m to have a leader? Why?4) Do you think teams always need to have regular meetings? Why?Topic Thirteen Customer Service1) How do you understand good customer service?2) What do you think companies can do to improve their customer service?3) Should employees always be trained to deliver good customer

46、 service? Why? 4) Do you think you would like to work in customer service? Why?.27Topic Fourteen Business News1) What kind of business news is the most interesting for you? Why?2) How important is it for people working in business to keep up-to-date with business news? Why?3) Do you think the Intern

47、et is a good way to get business news? Why?4) Would you buy a business magazine regularly? Why?Topic Fifteen Career Planning1) What are you going to achieve in your career? Why?2) Should people take professional advice before their career planning?3) Do you think business people should be ready for

48、the change of their career plans? Why?4) Is it necessary to have a long-term plan or goal in your career? Why? .28內(nèi)容簡介內(nèi)容簡介( Mini-Presentation)在一開始，主考官會(huì)遞給每位考生一張信息卡，每張信息卡上有A,B,C三個(gè)問題。每個(gè)問題后，有兩個(gè)或三個(gè)提示?？忌x擇一個(gè)話題，可根據(jù)提示組織自己的演講。具體地說，考生將聽到主考官說：Thank you. Thats the end of the first part of the test. In the next

49、part you are each going to give a short presentation.I am going to give each of you a choice of 3 topics. Id like you to choose one of the topics and give a short presentation on it for about a minute. You will have about a minute to prepare for this and you can make notes if you wish while you prep

50、are. After you have finished your talk, your partner will ask you a question. All right? .29Here are your topics.（主考官給考生信息卡，鉛筆盒稿紙）Choose one of the topics to talk about. You can make notes.（兩考生各自準(zhǔn)備1分鐘）All right. Now, B，which topic have you chosen, A， B， C？（考生回答）A, please listen carefully to Bs talk,

51、 and then ask him/her a question about it.（給考生大約1分鐘時(shí)間陳述）Thank you. Now, A, can you ask B a question about his/her talk?（A提問，B回答）Thank you. All right. Now, A, which topic have you chosen, A, B or C?（考生回答）B, please listen carefully to As talk, and then ask him/her a question about it.（給考生大約1分鐘時(shí)間陳述）Tha

52、nk you. Now, B, can you ask A a question about his/her talk?（B提問，A回答）Thank you.（主考官收回信息卡）.30應(yīng)試技巧應(yīng)試技巧( Mini-Presentation)1) 考生應(yīng)快速瀏覽信息卡，選擇最熟悉，最有把握的話題，然后根據(jù)問題后的提示組織演講。2) 準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間完畢，主考官要求你發(fā)言時(shí)，考生應(yīng)欣然接受并且適時(shí)開始講話。不要因?yàn)樽哉J(rèn)為準(zhǔn)備不足，而遲遲不發(fā)言。1分鐘過后，考生將失去說話的機(jī)會(huì)；發(fā)言的時(shí)間縮短之后，考生也會(huì)因?yàn)檩敵霾粔?，而不能獲得高分。3) 在準(zhǔn)備期間，考生一定要稍微做筆記。建議考生記下要點(diǎn)，以免在演講的過

53、程中，由于緊張而忘記了自己準(zhǔn)備要講的內(nèi)容。4) 正式演講時(shí)，考生應(yīng)該記住：你要做的只是一個(gè)小小的演講。可先告知考官你要將的話題，作為開頭。然后從自己記下的要點(diǎn)中，選擇最有把握，最熟悉的幾點(diǎn)充分進(jìn)行闡述。最后，就你的發(fā)言進(jìn)行總結(jié)。盡可能使用來能夠使用連接詞。5) 當(dāng)你的同伴在發(fā)言的時(shí)候，你應(yīng)該耐心地聽，要注意思考，及時(shí)記錄可以提問的地方。在同伴發(fā)言完畢，你將就他或她的講話進(jìn)行提問。如果提不出問題，或是提不出相關(guān)的問題，都將使你的表現(xiàn)大打折扣。.31常用表達(dá)句型常用表達(dá)句型 (Mini-Presentation)1) 開始講話開始講話When it comes to doing sth., is

54、undoubtedly the most important. I have several reasons. Firstly, When doing , different people have different choices. Some people will say , but, as far as Im concerned, If you ask me what is important when doing, the first thing that crosses my mind isWe have several ways to do The first, How to b

55、ecome a popular topic in our daily lives. As to this question, I have several suggestions. Firstly, In order to do well, some things should be considered, for example, or something else. As far as I am concerned, is important to consider when doing When a lot of factors should be taken into consider

56、ation, But is the most important thing to consider.322) 發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)As far as be concerned, In ones opinion/eyes/min/ view, As for sb. / As to ab. , When it comes to It seems to ab. that I suppose/ think/ holdI am of the opinion thatMy points are as follows: I have the following consideration.I have the

57、 following points.33 3) 有層次有層次In the first place, In the second place, In the third place, To begin with, Moreover, Finally, For one thing, For another, Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly, The First, The second, The third, First of all, In the second place, Last but not least, .344）因果關(guān)系）因果關(guān)系5) 比較關(guān)系比較關(guān)系Becau

58、se, since, for, as, now that, then, therefore, hence, so, thus, according, consequently, as a result of, due to, because of, owing to, thanks to, for the reason, as for, on account of ( the fact that), lead to, result in, contribute to.Unlike, likewise, despite, still, otherwise, instead, conversely

59、, whereas, while, not only but also, yet, even so, in comparison with, at the same time, in the same way, the same as, compared to/ with, equally important, on the contrary, on the other hand, in/by contrast, similar to, different from.356) 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系7) 表示解釋表示解釋But, yet, however, unless, instead, unli

60、ke, though, although, even so/ though, despite, nevertheless, otherwise, after all, as a matter of fact, in spite of, on the contrary, on (the ) one hand, on the other hand, except for, in contrastThat is ( to say) That meansIt means thatWhat I mean is that.368) 表示列舉表示列舉For example/ instanceTake for