中考英語介詞講解及練習(xí)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上（1） 介詞 介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的虛詞，在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構(gòu)成介詞詞組，在句中作狀語，表語，補(bǔ)語或介詞賓語。介詞可以分為時(shí)間介詞、地點(diǎn)介詞、方式介詞、原因介詞和其他介詞。（2） 介詞的用法 作定語: 介詞短語在句中作定語時(shí)，放在所修飾的名詞之后。 e.g. He is the monitor of Class Four. 他是四班班長(zhǎng)。 作狀語：介詞短語作狀語，用來修飾句中的動(dòng)詞。 e.g. We do eye exercises at nine ever

2、y morning. 我們每天上午九點(diǎn)鐘做眼保健操。 注意：在含有介詞短語作狀語的句子中，狀語按照先地點(diǎn)（由小到大），再方式，最后時(shí)間（由小到大）的順序排列。 e.g. He arrived in Paris by air at 9:00.他9點(diǎn)鐘乘飛機(jī)到了巴黎。 作表語: 介詞短語作表語時(shí)往往與連系動(dòng)詞一起使用。e.g. It sounds like fun. 這聽起來很有趣。 （3） 介詞的分類 1. in, at, on 與表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的詞連用 表示時(shí)間時(shí)，in后接表示一段時(shí)間的詞，如：年、月、星期、四季或morning, afternoon, evening (注意：noon, ni

3、ght前用at)，但當(dāng)morning 或Sunday 等前有this, that, next, last 等詞修飾時(shí)，一般不用介詞。 at 多用于鐘點(diǎn)時(shí)刻前，所表示的時(shí)間大多比較短暫。 e.g. at a quarter to eleven 在10:45 on 主要用在星期幾、具體某一天或某一天的早、午、晚或節(jié)日前。 e.g. on Mid-Autumn Day在中秋節(jié) on June 2nd在六月二日 表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)，in與表示“國(guó)家”、“城市”等大地方的詞連用。 e.g. in Shanghai 在上海 in China 在中國(guó) at用于小地點(diǎn)前。in表示“在里面、內(nèi)部、某一范圍內(nèi)”，on表示

4、“在上”。 e.g. at the desk 在桌子旁 on the tree 表示樹上長(zhǎng)的東西“在樹上”。 in the tree 表示人或其他東西“在樹上”。 on the wall 表示東西張貼或掛“在墻上”。 in the wall 表示門、窗等嵌“在墻上”。 2. in, to, on 與表示方位的詞連用 in 表示在某地區(qū)范圍之內(nèi)；to 表示在某地區(qū)范圍以外；表示與某地接壤用on。 e.g. Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海位于中國(guó)東部。 Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中國(guó)的東邊。 The Pacific

5、 Ocean is on the east of China.太平洋在中國(guó)的東邊。 3. between 和among 表示“在中間” between 表示兩者之間; among表示在三者或三者以上之間。 e.g. Mike sits between Peter and me. 邁克坐在彼得和我之間。 His parents were among those people.他的父母在那些人中間。 4. with 和in表示“用” 表示“用工具”用with; 表示“用材料、語言、聲音”用in。 e.g. Please write with a pen. 請(qǐng)用鋼筆寫。 Say it in Engl

6、ish, please. 請(qǐng)用英語說。 5. across 和through 表示“穿過”的區(qū)別 兩者都用于表示“穿過，越過”，across含有“從表面穿過”之意，表示游渡、乘船過?；蜻^河時(shí)用across; through 含有“從內(nèi)部穿過”之意。 e.g. The train is running through the tunnel.火車正穿過隧道。 The train is running across the bridge. 火車正穿過大橋。 6. but, besides 和except 表示“除了” but表示“除之外”，常與有否定意義的詞連用;except 表示“除之外（不再有）

7、”，指從整體中排除except 所帶人或物，前面常有all, every, any, no及其他復(fù)合詞，但在否定句中，except 卻沒有排斥性；besides表示“除了之外（還有）”，它的意義是在原來的基礎(chǔ)上加上besides 除外的人或物，其前常有another, other, any other, a few 等詞。 e.g. Weve had nothing but trouble with this car.我們這輛車凈出毛病。 She knows nothing except English.她除了英語之外，什么也不懂。 We all went to visit the zoo e

8、xcept Li Lei.除了李雷外，我們都去了動(dòng)物園。 Li Lei also went to the park besides you.除了你之外，李雷也去了公園。（4） 介詞與其他詞類的搭配1名詞與介詞的搭配a bit of有一點(diǎn)兒 a couple of兩個(gè)、幾個(gè)a kind of一種、一類 cover an area of占地面積have pity on sb.憐憫某人 huge amounts of大量的make friends with與交朋友 make fun of拿開玩笑meet the needs of迎合的需要 one after another一個(gè)接一個(gè)；連續(xù)地play

9、 a trick on捉弄 the week after next下下周2動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配agree with sb.同意某人的意見 apologize to sb. for sth.為某事向某人道歉arrive at/in a place到達(dá)某地 ask for請(qǐng)求、尋求be covered with被所覆蓋 be made of由制成be made up of由組成 belong to屬于break into破門而人、闖入 call on拜訪care for照顧、喜歡 carry out執(zhí)行check in辦理登機(jī) come across被理解；遇見come from出生于、來自 come

10、 on跟我來、走吧communicate with與交 cut down砍倒deal with= do with處理 depend on= rely on依靠、依賴die of因病而死 dream of夢(mèng)見dress up穿著、打扮 eat up= finish off吃光、喝完、吞噬enter for報(bào)名參加 fall off從跌落fill in填充、填寫 find out找出、查明、了解get along/on with進(jìn)展、與相處 get in the way擋道get in進(jìn)入、收集 get on上車get off下車 get rid of擺脫get ready for為作準(zhǔn)備 get

11、 to到達(dá)get tired of對(duì)感到厭倦 go in for參加、從事于、酷愛 ，go ahead先走、向前走；去吧 go for a swim去游泳go on a diet實(shí)行節(jié)食 go over復(fù)習(xí)go on with繼續(xù)做某事 grow up長(zhǎng)大、成長(zhǎng)hand in上交 hear from收到的來信hear of聽說 help sb. with sth.幫助某人做某事hold on等等（別掛電話） hold up舉起hurry off匆忙離開 joinn參加、加入keep. from使不做 keep in touch with與保持聯(lián)系keep off阻擋；不讓接近 knock ov

12、er撞倒、撞翻later on過來；后來 laugh at嘲笑learn., from向?qū)W習(xí) leave for動(dòng)身去let out放出 line up整隊(duì)；排成行l(wèi)ive on靠為生 look after照顧；照料look at看；觀看 look for尋找look forward to期待著 look like看上去像；顯得look out of從朝外看 look up查尋；抬頭看make out辨認(rèn)出 make up ones mind下決心meet with遭遇 operate on sb.為動(dòng)手術(shù)pay for付錢 pick out拾起play with玩弄 point at指向；指

13、著point out指出 praise sb. for sth.為某事表揚(yáng)某人prefer. to(比起來)更喜歡 prepare for準(zhǔn)備protect. from保護(hù)免受 pull down推倒put off延期 put on穿；戴上；上演put out伸出 put up舉起；掛起run after追捕；追蹤 run away逃跑search for搜尋；搜查 see off為送行sell out售完 set out/off for出發(fā)去；起程去set up建立；設(shè)立 shake hands with與握手share with與分享 show off炫耀show sb around帶某人

14、參觀 shut up住口speed up加快速度 stop.from阻止做take away拿走 take care of照料take charge of負(fù)責(zé)；管理； take hold of抓住take in吸入 take off脫掉（衣物等）；起飛take out取出 take part in參加 take up開始從事 talk about談到talk to/with與.談話 tell. from區(qū)別；分辨think of想起；想到 think over仔細(xì)考慮throw away扔掉 tie up捆綁try on 試穿 turn down（把音量）調(diào)低turn into變成 turn

15、off關(guān)掉（電燈、電視、收音機(jī)等）turn on開，旋開（電燈、電視、收音機(jī)等） turn over翻車；翻閱；翻身turn out結(jié)果是；證明是 wake up醒來；叫醒wait for等待；等候 write down寫下work out算出；制定出3. 形容詞與介詞的搭配be afraid of害怕 be angry with生氣be bad for有害于 be busy with 忙于be careful with小心 be different from與不同be familiar to為所熟悉 be famous for以而聞名be fond of愛好 be good at/poor

16、at擅長(zhǎng)be interested in對(duì)感興趣 be keen on喜愛be late for遲到 be located in/on/at位于be pleased with對(duì)滿意 be proud of為而感到自豪be ready for為做準(zhǔn)備 be surprised at對(duì)感到驚奇be thankful to對(duì)很感激 be used to習(xí)慣于be worried about為而擔(dān)心 far away from離遙遠(yuǎn)plenty of許多4.其他介詞1）表示時(shí)間的介詞after school放學(xué)后 at first起先，開始的時(shí)候at once=in no time立刻；馬上 at p

17、resent現(xiàn)在；目前at the same time同時(shí) at the moment此時(shí)；當(dāng)時(shí)；目前；那時(shí)from now on從此以后 from time to time不時(shí)；有時(shí)in a minute一會(huì)兒 in ones fifties在某人五十多歲時(shí)in the end=at last最后；終于 in the future在將來in the years to come在即將來臨的幾年中 in time及時(shí)out of date過時(shí)2）表示事物之間位置的介詞at school在學(xué)校；在上課 at work在工作in front of在前面 in hospital住院in line成一排

18、；成一直線 in the middle of在中間next to緊挨著；緊靠著 on ones side在某人一邊on the right在右邊 on the other hand另一方面on show 在展出 out of從里出來；缺乏over there在那邊 up and down上上下下3）表示方式、手段的介詞by bus乘公共汽車 by oneself親自by phone= on the phone打電話 by the way順便說；順便問一下in a hurry匆忙 in English用英語in ones opinion根據(jù)某人的看法 in return作為回報(bào)instead o

19、f代替；而不是 in surprise驚奇地in this way這樣 on business有事；出差on foot步行；走路 on holiday在休假on the/ones way to在去的路上 with great care非常小心with one voice異口同聲 with ones own eyes親眼（目睹）with the help of在的幫助下4)表示原因、目的的介詞because of因?yàn)?in order to為了for example例如 with pleasure愉快地5)表示根據(jù)、所屬、比較等的介詞according to按照 after all終究；畢竟be

20、long to屬于 in all總共in charge of負(fù)責(zé) in fact事實(shí)上in trouble處于困境中 not at all一點(diǎn)也不；根本不of course當(dāng)然 the sameas與同樣（5） 介詞練習(xí) 1. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _ 5 oclock _ the morning. A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on 2. Wheres Lily? We are all here _ her. A. beside B. about C. except D. with 3

21、. She sent her friend a postcard _ a birthday present. A. on B. as C. for D. of 4. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _ the year of 2000. A. since B. in C. on D. by 5. -What is a writing brush, do you know? -Its _ writing and drawing. A. with B. to C. for D. by 6. English is widely used _ trave

22、llers and business people all over the world. A. to B. for C. as D. by 7. _ the help of my teacher, I caught up with the other students. A. Under B. In C. With D. On 8. Hong Kong is _ the south of China, and Macao is _ the west of Hong Kong. A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; in 9. -Youd better no

23、t go out now. Its raining. -It doesnt matter. My new coat can keep _ rain. A. in B. of C. with D. off 10. Japan lies _ the east of China. A. to B. in C. about D. at 11. China lies _ the east of Asia and _ the north of Australia.A. to; to B. in; to C. to; in D. in; on12. _ the afternoon of March 8, t

24、he women in the city had a big party.A. To B. In C. At D. On13. Wheres Lily? We are all here _ her.A. besides B. about C. except D. with14. Mum, today is Mothers Day. Mike and I want to invite you to have dinner _ us at Shanghai Restaurant, which is famous _ its seafood.A. with; of B. with; for C. f

25、or; to D. to; for15. He has got a chair to sit _, but nobody to talk _.A. on; to B. /; with C. on; / D. /; to16. English is widely used _ travelers and business people all over the world.A. To B. for C. as D. by17.Its kind _ you to come to see me. Its a pleasure. You were so kind _ me.A. of; with B.

26、 for; with C. of; to D. for; to18.Is the manager in? Sorry, he is out. But he will be back _ three oclock.A. in B. on C. until D. before19. _ the age of fifteen, she had written scores of articles for a newspaper.A. At B. Before C. Since D. By20.Bob, you are wanted _ the phone. Thanks a lot.A. on B.

27、 by C. of D. for21. The soil is made _ the dead leaves of the trees.A. up of B. of C. from D. by22. The writer often sat up far into the night working _ a new novel.A. for B. on C. with D. in 23. You must stand _ line when you are waiting _ a bus.A. on; in B. in; for C. in; on D. on; for 24. Its ver

28、y nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for; of B. of; for C. to; for D. of; to25. We should do something to stop sandstorms _ happening again and again.A. from B. on C. by D. to 26. The foreigners arrived _Shanghai _ night. A. atat B. inat C. in. in D. at. in 27. Wushu is becoming more and more popular _ westerners. A. among B. between C. in D.within 28. _ the help of the teachers, we decorated. Our classroom_lanterns, flowers and pictures yesterday. A. Under. without B. Under. among C. With. with D.With.between 29. The cakes _