情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（講義及答案）

1、.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講義一、can, could, may, might 表示懇求答應(yīng)1. 區(qū)別Can I take the book away? Could I take the book away? May I take the book away? Might I take the book away?語氣的委婉程度從高到低為 can, could, may, might。2. can, could, may, might 表示懇求答應(yīng)時(shí)的答復(fù)。Can you give me another chance?Yes, I can.No, I cant.Could I look at your pic

2、tures?Yes, of course you ./I am sorry you .用 could 提問，表示“能嗎？，假設(shè)表示同意用 can，不同意用 cant，注意不用 could 來答復(fù)。May I speak to you for a moment in private, please?May 表示懇求答應(yīng)時(shí)，常常與第一人稱 I 連用，構(gòu)成“May I? 句式，表示“我可以嗎？肯定答復(fù)用 Yes, you may. / Yes, please. / Yes, of course.否認(rèn)答復(fù)用 No, you cant. / No, you mustnt. May I smoke her

3、e? , you . It can be dangerous.A. Yes; canB. No; cant C. Yes; may D. No; neednt Might I come in?Might I borrow some money?might 用于禮貌的詢問是否能做某事，常出如今口語中，用法稍顯過時(shí)。肯定答復(fù)通常用 may，否認(rèn)答復(fù)可以用 cant 或者 mustnt。練習(xí)：Can I get you a drink? . I am not thirsty.A. Thats very nice of youB. No, you dont have toC. Yes, pleaseD

4、. With pleasureMay I leave the classroom now?1No, you . You shouldnt leave until the bell rings.A. may notB. cantC. needntD. couldntyyou pass me a pen? Id like to write down the telephone number.A. NeedB. CouldC. MustD. Should Could I use your eraser for a while?Yes, of course you .A. couldB. willC.

5、 canD. should二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和短語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞needThe little girl needs to get some sleep.I needed two more days to finish the work. Do you need to have some coffee?need 作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，有人稱，時(shí)態(tài)的變化。接動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞不定式。Need I come here before eight tomorrow morning?No, you neednt.need 作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用于否認(rèn)句和疑問句中。判斷以下句子中的 need 屬于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞還是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Tom

6、 needs to have a rest after a days working. Need I pay the dishes now? He didnt need to go the hospital. He neednt have gone to hospitalhe only had a cold. dare v. 敢 于I would never dare to steal things from stores. Do you dare to tell her what I said?I didnt dare to look at him.I darent tell my moth

7、er the truth.dare 可以做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后面接動(dòng)詞不定式口語中 to 可以省略 也可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，常用于否認(rèn)句和疑問句。shallWe shall be away next week.I shall be in Henan next Friday.I/we shall，用于表示將來要做的事。Shall I open the window?Shall we meet at six, OK? What shall I make for dinner?shall I/we，好嗎？要不要？用于提建議或要求別人做請補(bǔ)充完好下面的對話A: How can we go there? B: We c

8、an go there by bus.A: How long will it take us to get there? B: About half an hour.A: ?B: Lets meet at the bus stop at 7 oclock.2. 短語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have to“不得不，使用時(shí)有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。 My brother has to eat an egg every day.You dont have to be here tomorrow.had better“最好You had better stay at home tomorrow, for it will r

9、ain heavily. Tina had better not put off the plan because it is very important. 否認(rèn)形式為 had better notwould rather “寧愿I would rather go there with you.我寧愿不去電影院。I would rather not go to the cinema. 否 定 形 式 為 would rather not ought to1表義務(wù)，意為"應(yīng)該"因責(zé)任、義務(wù)等該做，口氣比 should稍重。You are his father. You ou

10、ght to take care of him. You ought not to smoke so much.2表推測，暗含很大的可能，語氣較弱，可翻譯為“應(yīng)該吧。Han Mei ought to know his telephone number.Theres a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加完成時(shí)1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示對如今情況的推測Its just five oclock. Mary must be staying on bed now.3肯定推測That cant be Tom. He went to Be

11、ijing yesterday.否認(rèn)推測He may/might be in China now.可能性推測2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示對過去情況的推測must have doneHe must have arrived in Henan at that time.Lucy must have finished the book before she returned it.昨晚一定有人進(jìn)來這個(gè)房間了。Somebody in the room last night.must have done 對過去的肯定推測，翻譯為“一定了。cant have doneMiss Li cant have gone t

12、o Shanghai. I met her yesterday.He cant have done that because he stayed with me at that time.cant have done，對過去的否認(rèn)推測，翻譯為“不可能做了。Jimmy 不可能清掃了房子，因?yàn)樗蛱炀筒辉诩摇immy cant have cleaned up the house because he was not at home yesterday.3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示對過去情況的虛擬should have doneTom, you are too lazy. The work should h

13、ave been finished yesterda. You should have told me about it earlier.My father should have got home at seven but his car broke off on the way.should have done 翻譯為“本應(yīng)該了但實(shí)際沒有也可用 ought to have done我本就應(yīng)該知道他是在騙我的。I that he was lying to me.neednt have doneYou neednt have done it by yourself. You could ask

14、 others for help. My mom neednt have told me these words. I knew how to do it.I needn't have bought so much foodonly five people came. neednt have done 翻譯為“本不應(yīng)該做實(shí)際做了。could have doneYou could have got higher scores.4I could have been there yesterday, but I met Tom on the way.could have done “本能夠?qū)?/p>

15、際未能做某事練習(xí)： The ground is wet. It have rained last night.A. cantB. needntC. shouldD. must Mr. Smith have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.A. mustB. needntC. cantD. should Theyhave finished the work yesterday, but it was raining hard.A. mustB. couldC. shouldD. neednt I have bought

16、 so much wineonly five people came.A. couldB. mustC. needntD. should四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)總結(jié)1. 常考點(diǎn)：通過語境分析說話人語氣，選用最適宜的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Look out! The knife is very sharp. You cut your finger.A. needB. mustC. shouldD. may In order to speak English better, we _ be afraid of losingface. Remember, practice makes perfect.A. shouldB.

17、 shouldntC. have toD. must You stop when the traffic light turns red.A. canB. had betterC. needD. must Theres enough time for you to go to the airport. You hurry now.A. shouldB. needntC. mustD. cant2. 常考點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與一般如今時(shí)連用，表示對如今的推測。Is Mr. Hu in the reading room?No, he be there. He has gone to Tianjin.A.

18、mustntB. needntC. wontD. cant This book Lucys. look! Her name is on the bookcover.A. must beB. may beC. cant beD. mustnt beThis pair of shoes belong to Jack. He likes this kind very much.5It be his. Its too large for him.A. can; cantB. may; needntC. must; mustntD. must; cant3. 常考點(diǎn)：mustnt 與 must 問句的答

19、復(fù)According to the traffic laws, people _ drive after drinking wine or beer.A. wouldntB. couldntC. needntD. mustnt Must we leave now?No, we . We still have two more hours.A. cantB. mustntC. needntD. shouldnt Miss Li, must we hand in our homework right now?No, you . You can hand in it tomorrow.A. dont

20、B. mustntC. needntD. may not Tom, you _ play with the knife. Youhurtyourself.A. wont; cantB. mustnt; mayC. shouldnt; mustD. cant; should4. 常考點(diǎn)：can, could, may, might 表懇求答應(yīng)時(shí)的答復(fù)。May I leave now?No, you . You should wait here until lunchtime.A. cantB. needntC. couldntD. wont Could I have another candy,

21、 mom?No, you . Its bad for your teeth.A. couldntB. needntC. cantD. shouldntExercises一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. Can I borrow your ruler, please?Yes, you _ . But you must return it before lunchtime.A. haveB. canC. mustD. used to2.you wait a few more minutes? Itll be your turn soon.A. MustB. ShouldC. CouldD. Might 3. I

22、try on these shoes in the window? . They are just on show.6A. Could; Yes, you canB. Can; Sorry, you couldntC. Could; Sorry, you cantD. Can; Yes, you could4. Amy, I hear youve got many foreign coins. I have a look?Of course, Ill fetch them for you.A. MayB. MustC. ShouldD. Need 5. May I smoke here?Im

23、sorry you . It is dangerous to smoke at gas station.A. needntB. couldnt C. shouldntD. mustnt 6. Lisa is a little poor at Chinese. I think she needs it every day.A. practice to speakB. to practice speakingC. practice speakingD. to practice to speak 7. Shall we take a taxi?No, we . Its not far from he

24、re.A. cantB. mustntC. shouldntD. neednt8. What do you want to eat for lunch? I will prepare earlier today.Honey, you . Lets go out to have something different.A. mustntB. cantC. shouldntD. dont have to 9. Its rather hot in the room. Youd better the windows or the door.A. closeB. not to closeC. dont

25、closeD. not close10. The students ought to wear school uniforms when theyre at school. 劃線部分可以交換為： A. mustB. would like to C. shouldD. love to11. Harryhave won the speech contesteasily yesterday, but he gave up.A. couldB. mightC. shouldD. must12. The weather was fine yesterday. I _my umbrella with me

26、 .A. should have takenC. needn't have takenD. mustn't have taken 13. I didnt hear the phone. I asleep.A. must beB. must have beenC. should beD. should have been 14. He is not poor. You have lent him the money.A. cantB. needntC. couldntD. mustnt15. Ihere in time, but I met an old friend of mi

27、ne. I stopped and talked with him for some time.A. shouldnt have comeB. must have comeC. neednt have comeD. could have come16. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She at the meeting.A. mustnt have spokenB. mightnt have spokenC. cant have spokenD. shouldnt have spoken 17. Can you go swi

28、mming with us this afternoon?Sorry, I cant. Itake care of my little sister at home.A. canB. mayC. wouldD. have to 18. What will the weather be like tomorrow?It be rainy, cloudy or sunny. Who knows?A. mustB. mightC. shallD. should 19. How was the party last night, Mark?It was great. You come.A. mustB. canC. shouldD. may 20. Will you stay for some more d