英語(yǔ)高考專(zhuān)題之時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、.英語(yǔ)高考專(zhuān)題之時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)課程目的：正確的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的重要組成部分；時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是高中語(yǔ)法教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，是學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的關(guān)鍵；尤其重要的是其在高考試題中所占的比重非常大，無(wú)論是單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、閱讀表達(dá)和寫(xiě)作，甚至閱讀才能都和時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的理解有關(guān)系，所以要求學(xué)生務(wù)必在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中重視該語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)。一、學(xué)習(xí)目的掌握不同時(shí)態(tài)的根本用法。二、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)掌握不同時(shí)態(tài)的根本用法以及每個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的常用時(shí)間表達(dá)。三、考情分析時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的分值比很大，學(xué)生掌握起來(lái)有難度，所以必須重視該語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)，及其根本用法，研究歷年關(guān)于該語(yǔ)法的高考題。有些學(xué)生在單項(xiàng)選擇方面還可以，但是表達(dá)在書(shū)面表達(dá)中就差強(qiáng)人意了，這說(shuō)

2、明學(xué)生的該語(yǔ)法比較薄弱，務(wù)必加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)。知識(shí)梳理：一般如今時(shí)態(tài)【根本用法】1. 表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作；2. 表示當(dāng)前時(shí)間存在的特征或狀態(tài)；3. 表示客觀(guān)真理或客觀(guān)事實(shí)；4. 少數(shù)用于表示起止的動(dòng)詞，如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop等常用一般如今時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、方案或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，只用一般如今時(shí)。5. 由if, unless, as long as等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，when, before, as soon as, once等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句及no ma

3、tter when/how或however, wherever, even if等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般如今時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)?！咎貏e提示】特別注意主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化?！纠洹縏he geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. 地理老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 If it is fine tomorrow, we shall visit the Great Wall. 假如明天天晴，我們就去游覽長(zhǎng)城。【考題鏈接】I often _ all the cooking for my family, but re

4、cently I ve been too busy to do it. A. will do B. do C. am doing D. had done來(lái)源:1ZXXK答案：B解題思路：句意：平時(shí)都是我為家人做飯，但最近我太忙了，不能做了。此題考察一般如今時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作這一用法，其他時(shí)態(tài)均不合題意。如今進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)【根本用法】根本構(gòu)造：is/am/are+ doing 否認(rèn)句：is/am/are+ not+ doing 1. 說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2. 說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)展，但目前的時(shí)間背景下正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。3. 某些動(dòng)詞的如今進(jìn)展時(shí)可表示方案或安排好了的將來(lái)動(dòng)作。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：go,

5、come, leave, arrive, start, stay, return, take off等。4. always, often, constantly, frequently, forever等副詞和如今進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)連用，表達(dá)說(shuō)話(huà)人的某種情感，即“贊揚(yáng)或“厭惡等，可譯為“老是、總是?！咀⒁狻坑行﹦?dòng)詞不能用進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)a. 表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need等。b. 表存在的狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：appear, exist, lie, remain, see

6、m, belong to, depend on等。c. 表示瞬間動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete等。d. 表示感官的動(dòng)詞：notice, feel, smell, sound, taste等?！纠洹縎he is attending a lecture which is being given by Professor Lee. 她正在參加由李教授所做的報(bào)告。The Internet technology is changing the way people communicate with each other.因特網(wǎng)

7、正改變著人們彼此交流的方式?！究碱}鏈接】Im not finished with my dinner yet. But our friends _for us. A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting答案：D解題思路：考察動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我還沒(méi)吃完呢。但是我們的朋友正在等我們。解此類(lèi)題的關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境定出動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。從題中But可看出動(dòng)作wait為說(shuō)話(huà)人說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)選D。一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)【根本用法】1. 表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用will / shall動(dòng)詞常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如tomorrow，next w

8、eek等。shall用于第一人稱(chēng)。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱(chēng)，在征求意見(jiàn)時(shí)常用于第二人稱(chēng)。2. be going to +不定式，表示將來(lái)。a. 主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事。 b. 方案，安排要發(fā)生的事。c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事。3. “be +不定式表將來(lái)，按方案或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。4. 在“祈使句and / or陳述句句型中，陳述句中只能用will / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形?！纠洹縒e will talk about this topic next week. 我們下周將會(huì)討論這個(gè)話(huà)題。What are you going to do tomorrow? 你明天打算做什么呢？【考題鏈接】看起

9、來(lái)像是要下雨了。It looks as if it _ rain. 答案：is going to一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)【根本用法】表示過(guò)去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過(guò)去詳細(xì)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用或有上下文語(yǔ)境暗示; 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作?！纠洹縒here did you go just now? 剛剛你上哪兒去了？When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，常在大街

10、上踢足球?！究碱}鏈接】In 1942, Columbus_ on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off IndiaA. lands B. landed C. has landed D. had landed答案：B解題思路：句意：1942年，哥倫布登上了巴哈馬群島其中的一個(gè)島，但是他錯(cuò)把它當(dāng)成了印度的一個(gè)島。此題中有個(gè)詳細(xì)的過(guò)去時(shí)間“1942年，故應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)【根本用法】謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)造：was / were v.ing1. 過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作或某一階段內(nèi)某動(dòng)作發(fā)

11、生或頻繁發(fā)生。2. 某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，其中一個(gè)動(dòng)作在由when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。3. 表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的角度看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，僅用于come, go, start, leave, stay, arrive等?！纠洹縒e were working from two to four yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我們從兩點(diǎn)一直工作到四點(diǎn)。He was reading a novel when the door bell rang.門(mén)鈴響的時(shí)候，他在讀小說(shuō)?！究碱}鏈接】Have you finished reading that novel? No

12、, I_ my homework all day yesterday. A. was doing B. would do C. had done D. do 答案：A解題思路：句意：你讀完那本小說(shuō)了嗎？沒(méi)有，我昨天一直在寫(xiě)作業(yè)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)all day yesterday可知was doing最正確。表示昨天一整天都在做作業(yè)。如今完成時(shí)態(tài)【根本用法】謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)造：has / have動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞1. 表示到如今為止已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果的影響。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：already, just, never, yet, ever, lately, recently, up to now, in t

13、he past+一段時(shí)間，so far等。2. 表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)場(chǎng)一直延續(xù)到如今的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與since時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for時(shí)間段及介詞短語(yǔ)during / in / over the last pastfew years months, weeks, in recent years等連用?！纠洹縄 have seen the film already. 我已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電影了。Theyve lived here since 2019.他們自從2019年就住在那里了?！咎貏e提醒】1. 如今完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到如今的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的；而短暫性動(dòng)詞用于如今完成時(shí)態(tài)，不能和段時(shí)間連用。

14、假如短暫性動(dòng)詞需要和段時(shí)間連用，就必須轉(zhuǎn)換成其他詞來(lái)表示。buyhave comebe in leavebe away from diebe dead showbe on2. have gone to和have been tohave gone to表示去了,還沒(méi)有回來(lái)；have been to表示曾經(jīng)去過(guò)，說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。3. since的用法since作介詞，后面接過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)；since作連詞，后面一般接一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的句子?！纠洹课曳珠_(kāi)中國(guó)三年了。I have left China for three years. 該句是錯(cuò)誤的改為：I have been away from Chi

15、na for three years. He has gone to Beijing. 他去了北京了。如今還沒(méi)回來(lái)He has been to Beijing. 他去過(guò)北京。如今已回來(lái)【考題鏈接】1. Progress _ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be答案：C解題思路：句意：到目前為止，一切進(jìn)展良好，我們確信工作可以按時(shí)完成。so far by now提示要用如今完成時(shí)。2. I hear Jan

16、e _ the Holy Island on holiday.Oh, how nice. Do you know when she left?A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 答案：A解題思路：句意：我聽(tīng)說(shuō)簡(jiǎn)去霍利島度假了。噢，多么好啊！你知道她什么時(shí)候分開(kāi)的嗎？根據(jù)句意，簡(jiǎn)在說(shuō)話(huà)的時(shí)候還沒(méi)回來(lái)，什么時(shí)候分開(kāi)的也不知道，關(guān)鍵是截至說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)她還沒(méi)回來(lái)，是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)如今造成的影響和結(jié)果，故用如今完成時(shí)態(tài)，應(yīng)選。過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)【根本用法】謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)造：had +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞1. 概念：表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去2. 用法：a. 狀語(yǔ)從句：在過(guò)去不同

17、時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。b. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“本來(lái)，未能。【例句】She saidthatshe had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她從未去過(guò)巴黎。When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達(dá)時(shí)，小偷們?cè)缇团芰?。【考題鏈接】It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate

18、 what they _ for me. A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing答案：A來(lái)源:Z&xx&k 解題思路：句意：我花了好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才完全理解他們?yōu)槲易隽耸裁础＿x用had done，表示發(fā)生在was able to fully appreciate之前。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)【根本用法】1. 謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)造：would/should + do was/were + going to + do was/were+ to do 2. 表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中?！纠洹縃is sister told hi

19、m that she would be back on Sunday.姐姐告訴他，她將于星期天回來(lái)。I thought the story was going to be funny.我認(rèn)為這個(gè)故事比較搞笑。來(lái)源:Zxxk 【考題鏈接】Dont you feel surprised to see Linda at the meeting? Yes. I really didnt think she _ here. A. has been B. had been C. would be D. would have been答案：C 解題思路：句意：難道你在會(huì)議上看到琳達(dá)不感到驚訝嗎？是的。我真的

20、認(rèn)為她不會(huì)來(lái)這里。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，設(shè)空處的動(dòng)作已在過(guò)去發(fā)生或完成。但根據(jù)I really didnt think可以判斷出從句中的動(dòng)作是從過(guò)去某時(shí)間看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的事, 故應(yīng)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)【根本用法】構(gòu)成：will/shall have動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞意義：將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間之前完成的動(dòng)作，并往往對(duì)將來(lái)某一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響。 【例句】Before long, he will have forgotten all about the matter. 不久以后，他就會(huì)把這件事全忘了?！究碱}鏈接】Tommy is planning to buy a carI know. By nex

21、t month, he _ enough for a used oneA. saves B. saved C. will save D. will have saved答案：D 解題思路：句意：湯米正方案買(mǎi)輛車(chē)。我知道。截至下個(gè)月他就能攢夠錢(qián)買(mǎi)輛二手的了。表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間之前完成的動(dòng)作,故用將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)。將來(lái)進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)【根本用法】構(gòu)造：will + be + 動(dòng)詞的如今分詞意義：1表示在將來(lái)某時(shí)刻或某階段正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作2有時(shí)可表示預(yù)計(jì)即將發(fā)生或勢(shì)必要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作【例句】This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Hainan.明天這個(gè)時(shí)間我正飛往海南。If I

22、 fail to appear by 8 oclock, I will not be coming at all. 假如我8點(diǎn)不到，我就不會(huì)來(lái)了?！究碱}鏈接】Youd better not call the manager between 7：00 and 8：00 this evening, for he _ an important meeting then. A. will have B. would have C. will be having D. will have had答案：C 解題思路：句意：今天晚上7點(diǎn)到8點(diǎn)間你最好不要給經(jīng)理打 ，因?yàn)樗菚r(shí)將有個(gè)重要的會(huì)議。根據(jù)題干中的時(shí)

23、間狀語(yǔ)between 7：00 and 8：00 this evening可知, 設(shè)空處的動(dòng)作是將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)展的, 故應(yīng)用將來(lái)進(jìn)展時(shí), 口語(yǔ)中常用這種時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)展或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如今完成進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)【根本用法】構(gòu)造：have/has + been +動(dòng)詞的如今分詞意義：1. 表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)場(chǎng)，一直延續(xù)到如今，強(qiáng)調(diào)在此階段里，動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)展。常和由for, since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。2. 表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)刻之前剛剛完畢的動(dòng)作。3. 用以強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性或重復(fù)性?！纠洹縄 have been waiting for you for an hour. 我已等你一個(gè)小時(shí)了。He

24、 has been dropping in on her almost every day recently.最近，他幾乎天天拜訪(fǎng)她。【考題鏈接】I hear you _ at Smiths. Yes, I _ there for about three months. A. work; had been working B. worked; was workingC. are working; have been working D. worked; have worked答案：C 解題思路：考察動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你在史密斯那里工作。是的，我已在那里工作約三個(gè)月了。第一空表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)

25、展的動(dòng)作，用如今進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)；而第二空表示該動(dòng)作是3個(gè)月前開(kāi)場(chǎng)的，如今仍然在進(jìn)展，故用如今完成進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)。應(yīng)選C。即學(xué)即練：1.We would like to go and thank him ourselves，but we _ out his address yet, A. havent found B. hadnt found C. didnt find D. dont find 答案：A 解題思路：根據(jù)句意“我們想要親自感謝他，但是還沒(méi)有找到他的地址，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)如今產(chǎn)生的影響，所以應(yīng)用一般如今時(shí)，正確答案為A。2.The reporter said that the UFO _ east to

26、 west when he saw it. A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel 答案：A解題思路：根據(jù)句中when he saw it可知，當(dāng)記者看到UFO的時(shí)候，UFO正在運(yùn)動(dòng)中，而且是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)，正確答案為A。3.Is this raincoat yours? No，mine _ there behind the door. A. hangs B. has hang C. is hanging D. hang 答案：C 解題思路：根據(jù)對(duì)話(huà)可知是當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)展的狀態(tài)，所

27、以應(yīng)該用如今進(jìn)展時(shí)，因此正確答案為C。4.He has been writing the composition the whole morning and he still _. A. has been B. does C. has D. is 答案：D解題思路：由前半句可知他整個(gè)上午一直在寫(xiě)作文，后半句中的still“仍然說(shuō)明這個(gè)動(dòng)作如今還在進(jìn)展中，所以正確答案為D。5. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to 答案：A解題思路：前半句是由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，所以應(yīng)用一般如今時(shí)，而噪音應(yīng)該是被控制，應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主句需要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)