年度中級財務報表及會計管理知識學（英文版）

1、Financial StatementsChapter 15Intermediate Accounting12th EditionKieso, Weygandt, and Warfield l Explain the uses and limitations of a balance sheet.l Prepare a classified balance sheet using the report and account formats.l Understand the uses and limitations of an income statement.l Prepare a mult

2、iple-step income statement.l Understand the usefulness of the statement of cash flows.l Identify the major classifications of cash flows.l Prepare a statement of cash flows.Learning ObjectivesBalance SheetStatement of Cash FlowsvUsefulnessvClassification vPreparation vWorksheetFinancial StatementsvU

3、sefulnessvLimitationsvClassificationvpreparationIncome StatementvUsefulnessvLimitationsvFormsvpreparationIntroduc-tion vType of Financial Statements vPreparingvRequirementNotesStatement of changes in OEv定義定義v格式格式 v填列填列 財務報表是對企業(yè)財務狀況、經(jīng)營成果和現(xiàn)金財務報表是對企業(yè)財務狀況、經(jīng)營成果和現(xiàn)金流量的結(jié)構(gòu)性表述。流量的結(jié)構(gòu)性表述。Introduction of Financi

4、al Statements1 1、按反應內(nèi)容分類、按反應內(nèi)容分類動態(tài)報表動態(tài)報表2 2、按編報期間分類、按編報期間分類匯總報表匯總報表個別報表個別報表3 3、按編報主體分類、按編報主體分類月報月報季報季報半年報半年報中期報表中期報表靜態(tài)報表靜態(tài)報表年度報表年度報表合并報表合并報表Type of Financial StatementsRequirement about preparing Financial Statements（一）列報基礎（一）列報基礎持續(xù)經(jīng)營持續(xù)經(jīng)營（三）重要性和項目列報（三）重要性和項目列報1 1、性質(zhì)或功能不同的項目，一般應單獨列報。、性質(zhì)或功能不同的項目，一般應單獨

5、列報。2 2、性質(zhì)或功能類似的項目，其所屬類別具有重要、性質(zhì)或功能類似的項目，其所屬類別具有重要性的，應按其類別列報。性的，應按其類別列報。（二）列報的一致性（二）列報的一致性 財務報表中的資產(chǎn)和負債、收入和費用不能相互抵消。財務報表中的資產(chǎn)和負債、收入和費用不能相互抵消。下列不屬于抵消：下列不屬于抵消：1 1、資產(chǎn)項目按扣除減值準備后的金額列示、資產(chǎn)項目按扣除減值準備后的金額列示2 2、非日?；顒赢a(chǎn)生的損益按凈額列示、非日?；顒赢a(chǎn)生的損益按凈額列示（四）財務報表項目金額間的相互抵消（四）財務報表項目金額間的相互抵消（五）比較信息的列報（五）比較信息的列報（六）財務報表表首的列報（六）財務報表

6、表首的列報（七）準則規(guī)定單獨列報的項目應單獨列報。（七）準則規(guī)定單獨列報的項目應單獨列報。 資產(chǎn)負債表是反映企業(yè)某一特定日期財務狀資產(chǎn)負債表是反映企業(yè)某一特定日期財務狀況的會計報表。況的會計報表。The Balance SheetEvaluating the capital structure.Assess risk and future cash flows.Analyze the companys: Liquidity, Solvency, and Financial flexibility.Usefulness of the Balance SheetMost assets and li

7、abilities are reported at historical cost.Use of judgments and estimates.Many items of financial value are omitted.Limitations of the Balance SheetThree General Classifications AssetsLiabilities, andStockholders EquityClassification in the Balance SheetCash34,000$ Short-term debt20,000$ Asccounts re

8、cievable80,000 Accounts payable35,000 Merchandise inventory170,000 Other accrued liabilities12,000 Total current asets284,000$ Total current liabilities67,000$ Plant and EquipmentLong-term debt50,000 Equipment40,000 Total Liabilities117,000 Less: Accumulated depreciation (4,000)Owners equity203,000

9、Total Assets320,000$ Total liabilities and owners equity320,000$ Current AssetsCurrent LiabilitiesMain Street Store, Inc.Balance SheetAugust 31, 2004AssetsLiabilities and Owners EquityLiabilitiesEquityAssets=+Cash and other assets a company expects to convert into cash, sell, or consume either in on

10、e year or in the operating cycle, whichever is longer. Current AssetsLong-Term InvestmentsNoncurrent AssetsProperty, Plant, and EquipmentIntangiblesOther Assets“Obligations that a company reasonably expects to liquidate either through the use of current assets or the creation of other current liabil

11、ities.”Current Liabilities“Obligations that a company does not reasonably expect to liquidate within the normal operating cycle.”Long-Term LiabilitiesCompanies usually divide equity into three parts, (1) Capital Stock, (2) Additional Paid-In Capital, and (3) Retained Earnings.Owners Equity(a) Invest

12、ment in preferred stockBalance Sheet Classification ExerciseAccount(b)Treasury stock(c) Common stock(d)Cash dividends payable(e) Accumulated depreciation(f) Interest payable(g) Deficit(h)Trading securities(i) Unearned revenue(a) Current asset/Investment(b)Equity (c) Equity(d)Current liability(e) Con

13、tra-asset(f) Current liability(g) Equity(h)Current asset(i) Current liabilityClassificationPreparation of the balance sheet“年初余額年初余額”欄：欄：上年末資產(chǎn)負債表的上年末資產(chǎn)負債表的“期末余期末余額額”。 2. 2.根據(jù)總賬科目期末余額分析計算填列；根據(jù)總賬科目期末余額分析計算填列；“期末余額期末余額”欄：欄： 1. 1.根據(jù)總賬科目期末余額直接填列；根據(jù)總賬科目期末余額直接填列； 3. 3.根據(jù)明細科目期末余額分析計算填列；根據(jù)明細科目期末余額分析計算填列； 4.

14、4.根據(jù)總賬科目余額減去其備抵科目余額后的凈根據(jù)總賬科目余額減去其備抵科目余額后的凈額填列；額填列； 5. 5.根據(jù)表內(nèi)項目計算填列。根據(jù)表內(nèi)項目計算填列。Evaluate past performance.Predicting future performance.Help assess the risk or uncertainty of achieving future cash flows.Income StatementUsefulness of the Income Statement 利潤表是反映企業(yè)在一定會計期間的經(jīng)營成果利潤表是反映企業(yè)在一定會計期間的經(jīng)營成果的會計報表。的會

15、計報表。Companies omit items that cannot be measured reliably.Income is affected by the accounting methods employed. Income measurement involves judgment.Limitations of the Income StatementRevenues SalesFee revenueInterest revenueDividend revenueRent revenueExamples of Revenue AccountsElements of the In

16、come StatementExpenses Cost of goods soldDepreciation expenseInterest expenseRent expenseSalary expenseExamples of Expense AccountsGains Increases in equity (net assets) from peripheral or incidental transactions.Losses - Decreases in equity (net assets) from peripheral or incidental transactions. G

17、ains and losses can result fromsale of investments or plant assets, settlement of liabilities, write-offs of assets.An important business indicator.Measures the dollars earned by each share of common stock.Must be disclosed on the the income statement.Earnings Per Share= Net income - Preferred divid

18、ends Weighted average number of shares outstandingSingle-StepIncome Statement (in thousands)Revenues:Sales285,000$ Interest revenue17,000 Total revenue302,000 Expenses:Cost of goods sold149,000 Advertising expense10,000 Depreciation expense43,000 Interest expense21,000 Income tax expense24,000 Total

19、 expenses247,000 Net income55,000$ Earnings per share0.75$ Forms of the income statementSeparates operating transactions from nonoperating transactions.Matches costs and expenses with related revenues. Highlights certain intermediate components of income that analysts use. Multiple-StepBackgroundInc

20、ome Statement (in thousands)Sales285,000$ Cost of goods sold149,000 Gross profit136,000 Operating expenses:Advertising expense10,000 Depreciation expense43,000 Total operating expense53,000 Income from operations83,000 Other revenue (expense):Interest revenue17,000 Interest expense(21,000) Total oth

21、er(4,000) Income before taxes79,000 Income tax expense24,000 Net income55,000$ Earnings per share0.75$ 4.4.根據(jù)相關(guān)規(guī)定計算填列。根據(jù)相關(guān)規(guī)定計算填列?！吧掀诮痤~上期金額”欄：欄：上年利潤表的上年利潤表的“本期金額本期金額”。2.2.根據(jù)有關(guān)總賬科目的發(fā)生額分析計算填列；根據(jù)有關(guān)總賬科目的發(fā)生額分析計算填列；“本期金額本期金額”欄：欄：1.1.根據(jù)有關(guān)總賬科目的本期發(fā)生額直接填列；根據(jù)有關(guān)總賬科目的本期發(fā)生額直接填列；3.3.根據(jù)表內(nèi)項目計算填列；根據(jù)表內(nèi)項目計算填列；Preparatio

22、n of the Income StatementThe Statement of Cash Flows 現(xiàn)金流量表是反映企業(yè)在一定會計期間現(xiàn)金和現(xiàn)金流量表是反映企業(yè)在一定會計期間現(xiàn)金和和現(xiàn)金等價物流入和流出的會計報表。和現(xiàn)金等價物流入和流出的會計報表。UsefulnessEntitys ability to generate future cash flows.Entitys ability to pay dividends and obligations.Reasons for difference between net income and net cash flow from ope

23、rating activities.Cash and noncash investing and financing transactions.庫存現(xiàn)金庫存現(xiàn)金 銀行存款銀行存款 其他貨幣資金其他貨幣資金 現(xiàn)金等價物現(xiàn)金等價物 現(xiàn)金各項目之間的轉(zhuǎn)換、非現(xiàn)金各項目之間的現(xiàn)金各項目之間的轉(zhuǎn)換、非現(xiàn)金各項目之間的轉(zhuǎn)換都不會產(chǎn)生現(xiàn)金流量。轉(zhuǎn)換都不會產(chǎn)生現(xiàn)金流量。注意注意 highly liquid, short-term investments that can be converted into cash with little delay.Cash on handCash in the bankT

24、he term “Cash” = Cash and cash equivalentsClassification of Cash FlowsIncome Statement ItemsOperating ActivitiesGenerally Long-Term Asset ItemsInvesting ActivitiesGenerally Long-Term Liability and Equity ItemsFinancing Activities 企業(yè)投資和籌資活動以外企業(yè)投資和籌資活動以外的所有交易和事項。的所有交易和事項。Operating activities create re

25、venues, expenses, gains, and losses. 企業(yè)長期資產(chǎn)的購建和不企業(yè)長期資產(chǎn)的購建和不包括在現(xiàn)金等價物范圍內(nèi)的投包括在現(xiàn)金等價物范圍內(nèi)的投資及處置活動。資及處置活動。Investing activities increase and decrease long-term assets. 導致企業(yè)資本及債務規(guī)模導致企業(yè)資本及債務規(guī)模和構(gòu)成發(fā)生變化的活動。和構(gòu)成發(fā)生變化的活動。 Financing activities obtain cash from investors and creditors.Income Statement ItemsGenerally L

26、ong-Term Asset ItemsGenerally Long-Term Liability and Equity ItemsThree Sources of Information:Comparative balance sheetsCurrent income statement1.Selected transaction dataSteps in PreparationThree Major Steps:Step 1. Determine change in cash.Step 2. Determine net cash flow from operating activities

27、.Step 3. Determine net cash flows from investing and financing activities.Balance Sheet12/31/07Balance Sheet12/31/08Fiscal 2008A = L + OEA = L + OERevenue- ExpensesNet IncomeIncome StatementStatement of Changes in OEBeginning BalancesPaid-in Capital ChangesRetained Earnings Changes:+ Net Income-Divi

28、dendsEnding BalancesStatement of Cash FlowsCash Provided (Used) by:Operating ActivitiesInvesting ActivitiesFinancining Activities+ Beginning Cash BalanceEnding Cash Balance A company must determine revenues and expenses on a cash basis. Eliminate the effects of income statement transactions that do

29、not result in an increase or decrease in cash.Convert net income to net cash flow from operating activities through either a direct method or an indirect method.Step 2: Determine Net Cash Flow from Operating ActivitiesIndirect MethodCommon adjustments to Net Income (Loss):Depreciation and amortizati

30、on expense.Gain or loss on disposition of long-term assets.Change in current assets and current liabilities.Adjusts net income for items not affecting cash.Krauss Companys financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007, contained the following condensed information.20072006ChangeRevenues

31、from fees840,000$ Operating expenses624,000 Depreciation expense60,000 Loss on sale of equipment26,000 Income before income tax130,000 Income tax40,000 Net income90,000$ Accounts receivable37,000$ 54,000$ (17,000)$ Accounts payable41,000 31,000 10,000 Income taxes payable4,000 8,500 (4,500) Prepare

32、the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows using the indirect method (Step 2).Cash flows from operating activitiesNet income90,000$ Adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation expense60,000 Loss on sale of equipment26,000 Decreas

33、e in accounts receivable17,000 Increase in accounts payable10,000 Decrease in income taxes payable(4,500) Net cash provided by operating activities198,500 Direct Method “Net cash provided by operating activities” is the equivalent of cash basis net income.Deducts operating cash disbursements from op

34、erating cash receipts.Krauss Companys financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007, contained the following condensed information.20072006ChangeRevenues from fees840,000$ Operating expenses624,000 Depreciation expense60,000 Loss on sale of equipment26,000 Income before income tax130,000

35、 Income tax40,000 Net income90,000$ Accounts receivable37,000$ 54,000$ (17,000)$ Accounts payable41,000 31,000 10,000 Income taxes payable4,000 8,500 (4,500) Prepare the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows using the Direct method (Step 2).Computation of cash receipts from cus

36、tomers:Revenue from fees840,000$ Add: Decrease in accounts receivable17,000 Cash receipts from customers857,000$ Computation of cash payments for operating expenses:Operating expenses624,000$ Deduct: Increase in accounts payable(10,000) Cash payments for operating expenses614,000$ orAccounts payable

37、, balance 200631,000$ Add: Operating expenses624,000 Deduct: Cash payments for operating expenses (614,000) Accounts payable, balance 200741,000$ Computation of cash payments for income taxes:Income tax expense40,000$ Add: Decrease in income tax payable4,500 Cash payments for income taxes44,500$ orI

38、ncome tax payable, balance 20068,500$ Add: Income tax expense40,000 Deduct: Cash payments for income taxes(44,500) Income tax payable, balance 20074,000$ Cash flows from operating activitiesCash receipts from customers $ 857,000 Cash paid for operating expenses (614,000)Cash paid for income taxes (4

39、4,500)Net cash provided by operating activities 198,500 Direct Versus Indirect ControversyIn Favor of the Direct MethodShows operating cash receipts and payments.Information about cash receipts and payments is more revealing of a companys ability to generate sufficient cash from operating activities

40、 to pay its debts, to reinvest in its operations, and to make distributions to its owners.In Favor of the Indirect MethodFocuses on the differences between net income and net cash flow from operating activities.Provides link between the statement of cash flows and the income statement and balance sh

41、eet.Special Rules Applying to Indirect MethodsDisclose Interest paid.Disclose Income taxes paid.E23-2 (a) Plant assets that had cost $20,100 6 years before and were being depreciated on a straight-line basis over 10 years with estimated scrap value $1,000 were sold for $5,400.Step 3: Determine Net C

42、ash Flow from Investing and Financing ActivitiesE23-2 (b) During the year, 10,000 shares of common stock with a stated value of $10 a share were issued for $43 a share.Shares sold10,000 Market value per share43$ Value of shares430,000$ E23-2(d) The company sustained a net loss for the year of $50,00

43、0. Depreciation amounted to $22,000, and a gain of $9,000 was realized on the sale of land for $39,000 cash.E23-2 (h) During the year, treasury stock costing $47,000 was purchased.Statement of Cash FlowsStatement of Cash FlowsCash flow from operating activitiesNet income (loss)(50,000)$ Adjustment t

44、o reconcile net income to cash:Depreciation expense22,000 Loss on sale2,700 Gain on sale(9,000) Cash from operations(34,300) Cash flow from investing activitiesSale of plant assets5,400 Sale of land39,000 Cash from investing activities44,400 Cash flow from financing activitiesSale of common stock430

45、,000 Purchase of company stock(47,000) Cash from financing activities383,000 Net Change in Cash393,100$ Use of a WorksheetA worksheet involves the following steps.Step 1. Enter the balance sheet accounts and their beginning and ending balances in the balance sheet accounts section.Step 2. Enter the

46、data that explain the changes in the balance sheet accounts and their effects on the statement of cash flows in the reconciling columns of the worksheet.Step 3. Enter the increase or decrease in cash on the cash line and at the bottom of the worksheet. This entry should enable the totals of the reco

47、nciling columns to be in agreement. 所有者權(quán)益變動表是反映構(gòu)成企業(yè)所有者權(quán)所有者權(quán)益變動表是反映構(gòu)成企業(yè)所有者權(quán)益的各組成部分當期增減變動情況的報表。益的各組成部分當期增減變動情況的報表。1 1、反映所有者權(quán)益各組成部分的增減變動；、反映所有者權(quán)益各組成部分的增減變動；2 2、體現(xiàn)了企業(yè)綜合收益。、體現(xiàn)了企業(yè)綜合收益。This financial statement shows the detail of owners equity and explains the changes that occurred in the components of owners equity during the year.Statement of changes in Owners Equity一、所有者權(quán)益變動表的定義一、所有者權(quán)益變動表的定義二、所有者權(quán)益變動表的格式二、所有者權(quán)益變動表的格式1 1、上年年末余額、上年年末余額2 2、本年年初金額、本年年初金額3 3、本年增減變動金額、本年