名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)律表格正式版

1、名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)律表格正式 版名詞1.名詞的分類(lèi)2.名詞的單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則情況規(guī)則例子一般情況+spen-pe ns,pe ncil-pe ncils以y結(jié)尾、+y+sBoy-boys,toy-toys輔音+y去y力卩iescity-cities以f/fe結(jié)尾：+sbelief beroos roofs safe sagpulf gulfs：去f/fe加veswolf wovesk ni fe-k ni ves以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾+eswatch-watches以0結(jié)尾有生命的名詞+estomato tomatoes hero-heroes無(wú)牛命的名詞+szoo-zoospia no-pi

2、a nos鋼琴上面放照片，照片里是動(dòng)物園， 動(dòng)物園里有河馬，河馬在聽(tīng)收音機(jī)pia no photo zoo hippo radio+s特殊 情況oo-eegoose-geese tooth-teeth foot-feetman-me nman-men woma n-wome n policema n-policeme n中日不變英法變，其余s加后面En glishma n-En glishme n Germa n-Germa ns+renenchild-childre nox-oxe n單復(fù)同行Chinese Japanese deer sheep fish集合名詞People police

3、cattle以S結(jié)尾，仍是單數(shù)的名詞maths physics news（不可數(shù)名詞）ouse-icemouse-micelouse-lice名詞的單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的練習(xí)：寫(xiě)出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式；1.pencil 2.watch 3. tooth_ 4.child5.leaf 6.knife8.deer9. family 10.city 11.fruit_ 12.glass13.class_ 14.mouse 15.toy_ 16.puppy17.fly18.fox19.bus_ 20.bench21.brush22.kiss23.church24.dish25.ruler26.each27.boy

4、28.zoo_29.man30.roof31.sheep_ 32.lady33.key34.story_35.day36.apple37.eraser38.speech39.thief40.fish_41.goose42.people43.ox44.Chinese45.foot46.child_47.tooth48.guy49.hero50.spy51.boss52.monkey53.goat 54.radio _ 55.horse 56.dog 形容詞變副詞規(guī)律總結(jié)（圖表）已仔細(xì)核對(duì)，無(wú)錯(cuò)誤，可放心下載規(guī)則變化范圍變化規(guī)則例詞大部分形容詞加lycarelesscarelesslyquietq

5、uietlydifferentdifferently輔音加le結(jié)尾的形容詞變le為lypossiblepossibly terribleterribly comfortablecomfortably gentle-gently simple-simply whole-wholl y （例外）元音字母加le結(jié)尾的形容詞加lysole-solely以y結(jié)尾且讀音為/ i /結(jié)尾的 形容詞變le為lyeasy-easily angry-angrily noisy-noisily happy-happily heavy-heavily healthy-healthily以y結(jié)尾且讀音為/ ei /結(jié)尾

6、的的形 容詞加lyshy-shyly dry-dryly gay-gayly/gaily不規(guī)則變化本身既是形容詞也是副詞，無(wú)需改變fastfast early-early high-high hard-hardlatelate far-_-far wide-wide alonealone形容詞和副詞為完全不同的單詞goodwell初中階段唯一一個(gè)需要去掉字母e的單詞true-_-truly雖然以ly結(jié)尾，但卻是形容詞，不能直接用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞friendly lively lovely lonely Likely有些形容詞本身即為副詞，同時(shí)也有加ly的副詞形式。但 加不加ly意思不一樣，使用時(shí)需注

7、意wide（形容詞，寬闊的，睜大的）-wide（副詞，睜大地）/widely（副詞，廣 泛地）,late（形容詞，晚的）late（副詞，晚 地），lately （最近）high（形容詞，高的）-high（副詞，高 地）/highly（副詞，高度地）特別容易犯錯(cuò)的副詞形容詞副詞備注hardhardhard副詞容易寫(xiě)成 hardly, hardly 意思為幾乎不”，與hard無(wú)任何關(guān)系friendly無(wú)不能用friendly直接修飾動(dòng)詞，只能改成in a friendly way 用一種友好的方 式”。如：He smiled at me in a friendly way.excitedexcit

8、edly容易拼錯(cuò)healthyhealthily容易拼錯(cuò)politepolitely不用去掉字母e。類(lèi)似的詞還有：widely, nicely, closely,填空練習(xí)(源自江蘇各地中考真題)1. Mrs White smiled( happy) whe n she received a prese nt from her daughter.2. Why do you think you did so (terribe)in your test?'t forgive3. We can (easy) for give a child who is afraid of the dark,

9、 but we canan adult who is afraid of the light.4. Congratulations! You 've answered all the questions (correct).5. The computer is ( wide)used in our daily life. We can do many things with it.6. I changed into my sports shoes so that I could walk more (comfortabe).7. Mary passed her examination

10、because she studied very ( hard ).8. “Why didn 't you tell me earlier?” The boss shouted (angry).9. It 's _(truep)ossible that robot teachers will be popular in schools some day.10. How (comfortable) the giant pandas are living in Taiwan!11. Miss Xu smiled and said to me (soft),“ Never mind,

11、 my boy! ”12. Last night it rained (heavy) in the southern part of the city.13. Simon hates to be like others, he often tires to do everything (different).14. Where is Peter from? He is French, if I remember (correct).15. The children clapped their hands (excited) as soon as the astronautsappeared o

12、n the stage.16. Tom had an accident yesterday. His teacher sent him to the hospital (quick).17. We should speak to the old man (polite)18. I 'm (true) sorry I can't go with you. I havteo adolotthis afternoon.19. Nancy is patient and she doesn't give up (easy).20. His father was looking (

13、angry) at him because he had made a serious mistake.21. Mike walked (quiet) into the room not to wake up his grandpa.22. How _(quick) Betty answered the teacher's question!23. The firemen have saved the boy from the fire (successful).Keys:1. happily 2.terribly 3. easily 4. correctly 5. widely 6.

14、 comfortably7. hard 8. angrily 9. truly 10. comfortably 11. softly 12. heavily 13. differently14. correctly 15. excitedly 16. quickly 17. politely 18. truly 19. easily 20. angrily21. quietly 22. quickly 23. successfully音標(biāo)規(guī)律總結(jié)1、開(kāi)音節(jié)： 1）絕對(duì)開(kāi)音節(jié)： （輔）元結(jié)構(gòu) ,即“一個(gè)發(fā)音的元音字母結(jié)尾”。2）相對(duì)開(kāi)音節(jié)：元輔 e 結(jié)構(gòu)，即“一個(gè)元音字母 +輔音字 母（r除外）

15、+不發(fā)音的e”元音字母在重讀開(kāi)音節(jié)中讀長(zhǎng)音，即字母名稱(chēng)音。2、閉音節(jié)：元輔結(jié)構(gòu)，即“ （輔音字母 +）一個(gè)發(fā)音的元音字母 + 輔音字母（ r 除外”元音字母在重讀閉音節(jié)中讀短音。3、輔音字母C在一般情況下讀作K，在e,i, y前讀作s.4、音節(jié)和重音： 元音可構(gòu)成音節(jié)， 含有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上音節(jié)的單 詞，其中有一個(gè)（或兩個(gè)）要重讀 ,稱(chēng)為重讀音節(jié)，前面要標(biāo)重音 符號(hào)如'hap py/'h?pi/1）單詞如為雙音節(jié)，重音一般在前面2）l， n 是成節(jié)音，構(gòu)成音節(jié)不重讀3）ay,ey,i, e, y,不重讀時(shí)常讀/I/4）ea組合讀法多，有時(shí)可以讀作/ e /5）單詞音節(jié)有多個(gè),倒數(shù)

16、第三是重音6）單詞前綴不重讀，a-和 be最常見(jiàn) 如:a' cross5、a, e, o, u, ar, er, or, our,不重讀時(shí)常讀 / ? /6、a的前面有個(gè)w，不讀/ ? /來(lái)改讀/ ? /7、 th在名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞中常讀/0,在冠詞、代詞、介詞 連詞中和在 er 前常讀 / e /8 /m/ /n/ /v/ / e /緊跟 o,o 讀/?/來(lái)不讀 / ? /9、k前oo常讀/ ? /,木頭好腳也讀/ ? /。10、ee讀法最好記，一般情況總讀/ i:/11、ea組合讀法多，多數(shù)讀/ i: /也讀/ e /12、or組合和al, 般情況常讀/ ?: /13、oo

17、組合常讀/ u: /,有些情況也讀/ ? /。14、g在e, i,y前有時(shí)讀作/ ? /15、ar 讀法好掌握，張大嘴巴 / a: / a: / a:/16、sk（ss， st） ， th 緊跟 a， a 不讀 / ? / 改讀 / a: /17、er, ir, ur,三個(gè)組合都讀/ ?： /18、or, ar前有/ w/,分別改讀/ ?:/和/ ?： /19、ai, ay 讀法同,基本都讀前面 / ei /20、oa 組合例外少,基本都讀前面 / ? /21、ow 讀法有兩種,多數(shù)情況讀作 / ? /22、Id, st緊跟o, o讀長(zhǎng)音不讀/ ? /23、ou,ow 一樣讀,一般情況讀 /

18、a? /24、oi, oy 無(wú)例外,統(tǒng)統(tǒng)都是讀 / ?i /25、w和h在一起,h 一般不發(fā)音；wh后跟o,w和r在一起，w 一般 不發(fā)音；kn,mb,mn中,k, b,n不發(fā)音.26、o和ow在詞尾，一般情況都讀/ ? /27、詞尾a后有g(shù)e,不讀/ ? /來(lái)改讀/ I /28、ere, are和 ear,還有 air 和 eir,般情況讀 / e? /。29、ere, ear和eer,有時(shí)也可讀/ i? /30、ear在輔音前，不讀/ e? /讀作/ ?： /31、our和oor, 般情況讀作/ ?:/;字母組合our,還可讀作/a?/32、/ju:/音在I, r, j后常讀作/u： /33、gh 一般不發(fā)音，個(gè)別情況讀作 / f /34、one 般讀作 / w? n /35、ph 一般讀作 / f /探究凸透鏡成像規(guī)律（記憶方法加典型例題）一.表格記憶:物距（u）像距（v ）像的性質(zhì)應(yīng)用物體與 像離透 鏡距離 變化正倒大小虛實(shí)物像位置u > 2ff < v <2f倒立縮小實(shí)像透鏡兩側(cè)照相機(jī)物近像 遠(yuǎn)像變 大u = 2fv = 2f倒立等大實(shí)像透鏡兩側(cè)f < u <2fv > 2f倒立放大實(shí)像透鏡兩側(cè)（投影儀）u = f不成像u < fV>u正立放大虛像透鏡同側(cè)放大鏡物近像 近像變 小二：作圖記憶實(shí)像：能 在